1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 98 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful【C1】_ is spreading through their pop
2、ulations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms,【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing,【C4】_ ever-increasin
3、g amounts of human attention and electricity supplied【C5】_ wire umbilici.It is tempting to【C6】_ a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. 【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】_ experimented with by many product designers. This ma
4、kes it all the more powerful.Tech【C9】_ occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10 】_ cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_ with a food pellet
5、 for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_ look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endor
6、sement【C13 】_ an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】_ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】_ by an invasive pseu
7、do-organism would believe.【C16 】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_ sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can【C18】_ the Fi
8、nancial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_ to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1 【C1 】（A）phenomenon（B） epidemic（C） is
9、sue（D）event2 【C2 】（A）striking（B） obscure（C） interesting（D）mysterious3 【C3 】（A）relying（B） choosing（C） grabbing（D）using4 【C4 】（A）taking over（B） feeding on（C） catching up（D）allowing for5 【C5 】（A）with（B） over（C） to（D）via6 【C6 】（A）point（B） turn（C） attribute（D）prefer7 【C7 】（A）Instead（B） Moreover（C） Theref
10、ore（D）Otherwise8 【C8 】（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）where9 【C9 】（A）progress（B） term（C） crisis（D）addiction10 【C10 】（A）dangerous（B） special（C） large（D）funny11 【C11 】（A）rewarded（B） resisted（C） resumed（D）reversed12 【C12 】（A）anxiously（B） occasionally（C） happily（D）endlessly13 【C13 】（A）within（B） from（C） about（D
11、）through14 【C14 】（A）support（B） approve（C） argue（D）insist15 【C15 】（A）formed（B） seperated（C） classified（D）modified16 【C16 】（A）Surprisingly（B） Importantly（C） Fortunately（D）Regrettably17 【C17 】（A）compensate（B） help（C） comfort（D）improve18 【C18 】（A）share（B） obtain（C） subscribe（D）observe19 【C19 】（A）part（B）
12、 sense（C） level（D）way20 【C20 】（A）adaptive（B） careful（C） similar（D）captivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly d
13、ull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain valuable, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins license e-books with most libraries. The others have ei
14、ther denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York.Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, Electr
15、onic book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor angst about lost or damaged tomes).E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different a
16、nd often incompatible e-book formats, devices and licences. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35 million titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company
17、 now sends useful data on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by Over-Drives market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions.Publishers were miffed when OverDrive teamed up with Amazon, the worlds biggest online books
18、eller, last year. Owners of Amazons Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazons website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan. Amazon then follows up with library patrons directly, letting them know they can “Buy this book“ when the lo
19、an falls due.So publishers keep tweaking their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six mont
20、hs, and each book will expire after a year. Hachette is engaged in some secret experiments, and the others are watching with bated breath. In Britain the government will soon announce a review of the matter. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.21 According to the first paragraph, which o
21、f the following is true?（A）E-books make the relationship between libraries and publishers boring.（B） Book digitization is certain to cause piracy and lost sales.（C） Random House and HarperCollins are not willing to co-operate.（D）Penguin is reluctantly experimenting.22 We can learn from the passage t
22、hat printed books_.（A）can save you a considerable amount of time（B） cannot be browsed at night, from a comfy sofa（C） may produce late fee as they expire（D）wont be lost or broken especially great works23 OverDrives market dominance makes publishers and libraries feel anxious because_.（A）OverDrive pro
23、tects rights from publishers（B） OverDrive offers e-books and audio files（C） OverDrive borrows useful data and sends them（D）OverDrive raises licensing prices and conditions24 Judging from the context, the word “miffed“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（A）excited（B） annoyed（C） worried（D）delighted25 The
24、introduction of Random House, HarperCollins, Penguin, Hachette in the last paragraph is to_.（A）find the most appropriate balance（B） adjust their lending arrangements（C） contribute to the Britain government（D）show the story of the library e-book25 In a famous lab trial, a chimp named Sultan put two i
25、nterlocking sticks together and pulled down a bunch of bananas hanging just out of arms reach. Nearly a century later, eager tourists have conducted their own version of the experiment. Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, they can now reach for flattering CinemaScope selfies w
26、herever they go.Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their sticks. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleri
27、es (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, rucksacks, tripods and monopods), yet another example of how controlling overcrowding has become part of the museum mission.The Hirshhorn Museum in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ba
28、n. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it, too, will forbid selfie sticks. “From now on, you will be asked quietly to put it away,“ said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “It
29、s one thing to take a picture at arm s length, but when it is three times arm s length, you are invading someone else s personal space.“The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. “We do not want to have to put all the art under glass,“ said Deborah Ziska, the c
30、hief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors.Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect
31、 shot and oblivious to the surroundings. “If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture,“ Mr. Sreenivasan said. “We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on.“26 In the first paragraph, the author su
32、ggests that_.（A）Sultan is as smart as human beings（B） tourists are easy to indulge in self-pity（C） nowadays people use selfie sticks to get things out of reach（D）camera extenders are useful to people as interlocking sticks to Sultan27 Recently, the newly-added items that are banned by museums in the
33、 US are_.（A）backpacks（B） umbrellas（C） selfie sticks（D）supporting equipment for cameras28 That US museums impose bans on using selfie sticks reveals that_.（A）visitors are overcrowded in museums（B） existing rules dont work（C） museums are taking action（D）people like to wave the sticks29 According to Sr
34、ee Sreenivasan, when selfie-stick users take pictures, they_.（A）should keep quiet（B） may be easily distracted（C） cannot stretch arms three times（D）capture the shots of balconies and stairs 30 Selfie sticks have been banned in case of all the following problems EXCEPT_.（A）invasion of personal space（B
35、） damage to the artwork（C） waste of printed guidelines（D）danger to camera users 30 Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots h
36、ave been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination.Robots are learning to interact with the world around
37、them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they wi
38、ll be free to wander.Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous. Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whet
39、her they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are n
40、ow much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people.A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites fears about mechani
41、sed looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.Two principlesdont let robots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more soph
42、isticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making
43、robots behave like humans rather than the 20th centurys preferred option, making humans behave like robots. 31 The second sentence implies that management thinkers should_.（A）turn robots into superheroes and supervillains（B） give robots names such as the Terminator（C） ponder more about homo-robo rel
44、ations（D）create more robots with super power32 Which of the following statements is true about robots?（A）They will be free and colliding with people and machines.（B） They deliver information by acting like a human being.（C） Their eyesight is becoming closer to men s.（D）They will do sophisticated job
45、s.33 The word “ubiquitous“ (Para. 3) probably means_.（A）numerous（B） pervasive（C） intelligent（D）complicated34 To deal with the second problem, companies may not_.（A）show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete helpmate（B） explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs
46、in the rich world（C） persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers（D）tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens35 From the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations_.（A）are intrusive（B） render worries（C） become sentient（D）require specifications35 Last week
47、I had lunch with a man who used to be one of the most senior bankers in the UK. The trouble with business today, he complained over coffee, was that there was no common sense any more. Such sense, he insisted, had always been uncommonbut now was extinct.The reason common sense is squashed in this wa
48、y is insecurity. Most people in business live in fear of being found out, and sounding clever seems a safer bet than being understood. As more people try to sound clever, the standard gets tougher, and before long formerly sensible people start talking absolute rot. Recently I read an interview with
49、 a senior manager at Amazon in which he explained the secret to his hiring success: “Your bar raiser should also run the debrief after every hiring loop.“The next enemy of common sense is self-importance, which not only makes business people lose the plot at work, but at home too. On LinkedIn the other day a former chief operating officer of eBay boasted that he was so busy he bought a house without
