1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 78 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Denis is just 40 years old, but【C1】_shes worried
2、about what she calls “my rolling mental blackouts. “ “I try to remember something and I just blank out,“ she says.You may【 C2】_about these lapses, calling them “ senior moments “ or blaming “ early Alzheimers(老年痴呆症)“. Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the【C3 】 _you remember? Well, so
3、rt of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age【C4】_problems that are not necessarily age-related.“ When a teenager cant find her keys, she thinks its because shes distracted or disorganized,“ says Paul Gold. “A 70-year-old blames her【C5】_. “ In fact, the 70-year-old may have been【C6】_things for de
4、cades.In healthy people, memory doesnt worsen as【C7】 _as many of us think. “As we【C8 】_, the memory mechanism isnt【C9 】_,“ says psychologist Fergus Craik. “Its just inefficient.The brains processing【C10】_slows down over the years, though no one knows exactly【C11】_Recent research suggests that nerve
5、cells lose efficiency and【C12】_theres less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, “Its not clear that less activity is【C13】_.A beginning athlete is winded(气喘吁吁)more easily than a【C14 】_athlete. In the same way,【C15】_the brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.Ther
6、e are【C16】_you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it【C17】_effort. Margaret Sewell says; “Were a quick-fix culture, but you have to【C18】_to keep your brain【C19】_shape. Its like having a good body. You cant go to the gym once a year【C20】_expect to stay in top form.
7、 “1 【C1 】（A）almost（B） seldom（C） already（D）never2 【C2 】（A）joke（B） laugh（C） blame（D）criticize3 【C3 】（A）much（B） little（C） more（D）less4 【C4 】（A）since（B） for（C） by（D）because5 【C5 】（A）memory（B） mind（C） trouble（D）health6 【C6 】（A）disorganizing（B） misplacing（C） putting（D）finding7 【C7 】（A）swiftly（B） frequentl
8、y（C） timely（D）quickly8 【C8 】（A）mature（B） advance（C） age（D）grow9 【C9 】（A）broken（B） poor（C） perfect（D）working10 【C10 】（A）pattern（B） time（C） space（D）information11 【C11 】（A）why（B） how（C） what（D）when12 【C12 】（A）since（B） hence（C） that（D）although13 【C13 】（A）irregular（B） better（C） normal（D）worse14 【C14 】（A）
9、famous（B） senior（C） popular（D）trained15 【C15 】（A）as（B） till（C） though（D）yet16 【C16 】（A）stages（B） steps（C） advantages（D）purposes17 【C17 】（A）makes（B） takes（C） does（D）spends18 【C18 】（A）rest（B） come（C） work（D）study19 【C19 】（A）to（B） for（C） on（D）in20 【C20 】（A）so（B） or（C） and（D）ifPart ADirections: Read the
10、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sus
11、tainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable
12、 materials can still be tough to find. “ Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you re doing and what your customers are used to, “ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once wov
13、en into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adapt
14、-ability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree. “ I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,“ says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict p
15、rogram that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplac
16、e,“ says Scheetz.26 What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?（A）Students with a bachelors degree in humanities.（B） People with an MBA degree from top universities.（C） People with formal schooling plus work experience.（D）People with special training in engineering.27 By saying “. but
17、 the impact of a degree washes out after five years“(Para. 3), the author means_.（A）most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation（B） an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions（C） MBA programs will not be as popular in five years time as they are now（D）in five
18、years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got28 According to Scheetzs statement(Para. 4), companies prefer_.（A）people who have a strategic mind（B） people who are talented in fine arts（C） people who are ambitious and aggressive（D）people who have received training in mechanics29
19、 David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because（A）they are more capable of handling changing situations（B） they can stick to established ways of solving problems（C） they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields（D）they have attended special programs in management30
20、 Which of the following statements does the author support?（A）Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.（B） Formal schooling is less important than job training.（C） On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.（D）Generalists will outdo specialists in management.30 For hundreds
21、of millions of years, turtles(海龟)have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings(幼龟)down to the water s edge lest they be
22、come disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting sites on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to
23、go extinct.But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic sea turtles, notably loggerheads(红海龟), which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting p
24、opulation, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “ threatened“ to “
25、endangered“meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land(as egg-l
26、aying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,“ says Griffin. Trawlers(which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and long-line fishers(which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that ca
27、n stretch for miles)take a heavy toll(损失)on turtles.Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on
28、 one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs(恐龙 )will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly c
29、ould have won so much affection.31 We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（A）human activities have changed the way turtles survive（B） efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out（C） government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction（D）marine biologists are looking for the
30、secret of turtles reproduction32 What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness“(Line 1 , Para. 2)?（A）Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.（B） Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.（C） The course of nature will not be changed by hum
31、an interference.（D）The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.33 What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?（A）Their inadequate food supply.（B） Unregulated commercial fishing.（C） Their lower reproductive ability.（D）Contamination of
32、 sea water.34 How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?（A）It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.（B） The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.（C） The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.（D）It takes them longer to adapt to
33、the high beach temperature.35 The last sentence of the passage is meant to_.（A）persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles（B） stress that even the most ugly species should be protected（C） call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival（D）warn our descendants about the extinct
34、ion of species35 While still catching up to men in some fields of modern life, women appear to be far ahead in at least one undesirable aspect. “ Women are particularly liable to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men. “ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psych
35、iatrist at New York s Veteran s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone(荷尔蒙)somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, whe
36、n stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities“ for stress. “It s not necessarily that women dont cope as well. I
37、t s just that they have so much more to cope with. “ says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men s, “ she observes, “ it s just that they re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.Dr. Yehuda notes another dif
38、ference between the sexes. “ I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to
39、tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish col
40、lege. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. “ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “ It s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pa
41、y the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez s experience demonstrates the importan
42、ce of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.36 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（A）Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.（B） Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.（C） Women are more exp
43、erienced than men in coping with stress.（D）Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.37 Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women_.（A）need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress（B） have limited capacity for tolerating stress（C） are more capable of avoiding stress（D）are expos
44、ed to more stress38 According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_.（A）domestic and temporary（B） irregular and violent（C） durable and frequent（D）trivial and random39 The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck. “(Para. 5)shows that_.（A）Alvarez cared about nothing but making mone
45、y（B） Alvarez s salary barely covered her household expenses（C） Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs（D）Alvarez paid practically everything by check40 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Strain of Stress: No Way Out?（B） Response to Stress: Gender Difference（C） Stress An
46、alysis; What Chemicals Say?（D）Gender Inequality; Women Under Stress40 Most people may drink only two liters of water a day, but they consume about 3 000 if the water that goes into their food is taken into account. The rich gulp down far more, since they tend to eat more meat, which takes far more w
47、ater to produce than grains. So as the world s population grows and incomes rise, farmers will need a great deal more water to keep everyone fed; 2 000 more cubic kilometers a year by 2030, according to the International Water Management Institute(IWMI). Yet in many farming regions, water is scarce
48、and likely to get scarcer as global warming worsens. The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis, argues Colin Chartres, IWMIs director-general. The solution, Mr. Chartres and others contend, is more efficient use of water or, as the sloganeers put it, “more crop per drop“. Some
49、1. 2 billion people live in places that are short of water. Farming accounts for roughly 70% of human water consumption. So when water starts to run out, farming tends to offer the best potential for thrift. But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumerseven though the value they create from the water is often less than households or ind
