1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 143 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Throughout the whole period of ones lifetime, the achieving of happiness can be seen as our【 C1】_and everlasting goal. Happiness i
2、s far more than a strong body, a【C2】_villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness【C3】 _scientific methods. When we are asked the question “Where can we find happiness“ , it is a【C4】_difficult to answer accurately. We can find happin
3、ess right in our own home, in our workplace, in school, in the【C5】_of our friends, etc. It is up to us to find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and【C6】_for. However, it is essential to【C7 】_that there is no one absolute way to achieve happiness. People may have different
4、ideas with【C8 】_to the ways of achieving happiness. The following five【C9】_are【C10】_by many people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position, educational achievement and fame. To give it a comprehensive【C11】_, happiness is a【C12】_state of well-being characterized by positive or p
5、leasant emotions【C13 】_from contentment to intense joy. A【C14】_of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and【C15】_its sources. Various research groups, including positive psychology, endeavor to【C16 】_the scientific method to answer questi
6、ons about what “happiness“ is, and how we might【C17】 _it. There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear to you. There is nothing more【C18】_than to be with the people you love. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to find happiness. If your
7、schedule is too【C19】_for volunteer work, you can just donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charily. When you eat out, try to be a good【C20 】_to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as well. 1
8、 【C1 】（A）contemporary（B） ultimate（C） ordinary（D）static2 【C2 】（A）transitional（B） remote（C） magnificent（D）pathetic 3 【C3 】（A）through（B） among（C） for（D）about4 【C4 】（A）puzzle（B） guide（C） suspicion（D）dilemma5 【C5 】（A）obligation（B） company（C） touch（D）comfort 6 【C6 】（A）desire（B） chase（C） dream（D）long7 【C7
9、】（A）remind（B） reply（C） reunite（D）recognize8 【C8 】（A）reference（B） difference（C） regard（D）account9 【C9 】（A）classifications（B） conclusions（C） passions（D）ladders10 【C10 】（A）consider（B） perceived（C） questioned（D）calculate11 【C11 】（A）relation（B） knowledge（C） insight（D）definition12 【C12 】（A）physical（B） men
10、tal（C） intellectual（D）professional13 【C13 】（A）ranging（B） dispatch（C） shifting（D）distinguishing 14 【C14 】（A）area（B） variety（C） whole（D）proportion15 【C15 】（A）retrieve（B） identify（C） exploit（D）abandon16 【C16 】（A）adjust（B） attribute（C） apply（D）prohibit17 【C17 】（A）pursuit（B） defeat（C） bypass（D）attain18 【
11、C18 】（A）joyful（B） awful（C） diligent（D）painful19 【C19 】（A）high（B） prior（C） tight（D）stress20 【C20 】（A）adviser（B） tipper（C） deceiver（D）raterPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 During the day, Leipzigs airport is q
12、uiet. It is at night that the airfield comes to life. Next to the runway a yellow warehouse serves as the global sorting hub for DHL, a delivery firm owned by Deutsche Post of Germany. A huge extension, which opened in October, means it can sort 150,000 parcels each hour, says Ken Allen, DHLs CEO. W
13、ith falling trade barrier, cross-border e-commerce has become a key term in the modern economy. The rise of cross-border e-commerce has meant booming business for express-delivery firms. On January 31st UPS revealed record revenues for the fourth quarter of 2016; FedEx and DHL are expected to report
14、 similarly buoyant results next month. Since 2008 half of the increase in express-delivery volumes has come from shoppers buying items online from another country. Falling trade barriers have greatly helped them. When DHL and FedEx were getting going in the 1970s, there was little demand for interna
15、tional express deliveries. Packages often got stuck in customs for weeks and were heavily taxed. The expansion of free-trade areas, lower tariffs and the Internet brought years of growth. But after Mr. Trumps threats to raise tariffs on goods from China and Mexico, together with the indication last
16、month from Theresa May, Britains prime minister, that the country will leave the EUs customs union, there are widespread fears that the favourable tailwinds enjoyed by the industry for decades are gone. The express-delivery industry faces a new challenge: the return of trade barriers due to the prot
17、ectionist bent of Donald Trump and because of Brexit. The return of borders poses a challenge to the soaring parcel-delivery business. “ Its all a real nightmare,“ groans David Jinks of ParcelHero, a British parcel broker which works with DHL, FedEx and UPS. Start with Brexit. Post-Brexit costs will
18、 probably come from long wrangles over which of 19,000 customs codes should be applied to a consignment. As an example of what could happen, Halloween costumes from China often get stuck at Britains border while customs officials work out whether they are toys or childrens clothes, which attract dif
19、ferent duties. Such complexity would force delivery firms to put up their prices to customers, Mr. Jinks says. Sending an item from Britain to Switzerland (outside the EU) costs 150% more than it does to Italy (inside the EU). The most severe impact on business would come from higher tariffs, which
20、would hurt demand for cross-border imports and deliveries in favour of local goods. This is where Mr. Trumps threats come into focus.21 The example of Leipzigs airport shows that_.（A）Leipzigs airport serves as the biggest sorting hub for DHL.（B） Airport delivers more goods than any other forms of cr
21、oss-border deliveries.（C） Cross-border e-commerce has promoted the expansion of delivery services.（D）Express-delivery firms face a new challenge because of changing policies in US and UK. 22 The word “buoyant“ is closest in meaning to_.（A）optimistic（B） fluctuating（C） unpredictable（D）mundane 23 What
22、do we know about parcel delivery services in the 1970s?（A）There are falling trade barriers.（B） DHL and FedEx are expanding rapidly.（C） The express-delivery faces the return of trade barriers.（D）International express delivery is in its preliminary stage. 24 What effect will Brexit probably bring on p
23、arcel delivery services?（A）The trade between China and the UK will drop tremendously.（B） Customers will have to pay more on delivery services.（C） 19,000 customs codes will be examined by British parliament.（D）DHL, FedEx and UPS will close some of their branches in Britain. 25 The passage is mainly a
24、bout_.（A）Logistics firms are faced with trade barriers.（B） The US and the UK work together to promotecross-border imports.（C） Cross-border e-commerce is booming.（D）Express-delivery firms DHL, FedEx and UPS are fined by customs in the UK and US. 25 Many people take to social media to share news of bi
25、g events. On December 1st Facebooks boss, Mark Zuckerberg, followed in the tradition he helped create, when he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, announced the birth of their daughter on the social-networking site, along with news that they will give away the majority of their fortune during their lifeti
26、mes. Around 99% of the shares they own in Facebook, which today are worth around $ 45 billion, will go into the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI). Their aim, they wrote, is to improve the world for their daughter and future generations. For now, the move allows Mr. Zuckerberg to relinquish wealth, bu
27、t not control, as he will retain the votes associated with any shares transferred to CZI. He anticipates remaining the controlling stakeholder of Facebook “ for the foreseeable future“ , and plans to sell, or give away, no more than $ 1 billion of Facebook stock each year for the next three years. M
28、r. Zuckerberg is far from the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities, but he is following a slightly different path to Bill Gates, Microsofts founder. Whereas the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a registered charity, the Zuckerbergs CZI will be a limited liability compa
29、ny ( LLC ). Although charitable status comes with alluring tax breaks, strings are attached. Unlike charities, LLCs can lobby without restriction; the Zuckerbergs have said that CZI will get involved in policy debates. The other flexibility LLC status allows is the freedom to invest in for-profit ve
30、ntures that have a big social impact. In this, the Zuckerbergs are following in the footsteps of Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, an online marketplace, who grew frustrated by the constraints of charitable status. Mr. Omidyar now oversees the Omidyar Network, which has for-profit and non-profit arms
31、. Will Fitzpatrick, designer of this hybrid structure, claims that the for-profit arm can more easily invest in things that can be scaled up quickly. He gives the example of an investment in a solar lantern that cost less than $ 10 a unit, which meant people did not have to burn dangerous kerosene,
32、and which he says would have been technically difficult to achieve through a private foundation.26 Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan celebrated the birth of their daughter by_.（A）creating the tradition of announce big news on Facebook（B） creating the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative（C） donating $ 1 billi
33、on of Facebook stock to CZI（D）selling 99% of the shares they own in Facebook 27 The word “relinquish“ is closet in meaning to_.（A）abandon（B） maintain（C） withhold（D）distribute28 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is_.（A）the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities（B） allowed to
34、invest in for-profit ventures（C） obliged to meet certain requirements（D）working with CZI to make the world a better place 29 What do we know about Pierre Omidyar?（A）He does not like registered charity coming with strings.（B） He created eBay for non-profit purposes.（C） He suggested to Zuckerbergs to
35、set up a limited liability company.（D）He made the Omidyar Network a subsidiary of eBay. 30 This passage is best entitled_.（A）Mark Zuckerberg Finds Another Way to Share（B） Mark Zuckerberg and His Wife Having Their First Baby（C） More High-tech Giants Devoted to Philanthropy（D）Mark Zuckerberg Find a Ne
36、w Way of Running Facebook30 Its often said that the mark of a civilised society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens in times of austerity. And in the past week, Britain has proved itself quite not so. Last Thursday a United Nations inquiry into disability rights in the UK ruled that the go
37、vernment is failing in its duties in everything from education, work and housing to health, transport and social security. Presented with overwhelming evidence of a range of regressive policies and multibillion-pound cuts to disability services, it described the treatment of disabled people in this
38、country as a “ human catastrophe“ . Less than 24 hours later, Luke Davey lost his appeal against his local council cutting his care package almost in half. Luke is quadriplegic, has cerebral palsy and is registered blind. But in this climate of cuts to disability services, after 23 years of 24/7 sup
39、port, his care hours have been suddenly gutted. Without enough funding for full-time personal assistants, his mother, Jasmine, is forced to fill in the gaps: sitting in the bungalow to ensure hes not alone, and lifting her 14-stone son into a hoist. Jasmine, its worth noting, is 75 and has cancer. B
40、it by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being normalised. This isnt simply the result of newspapers and politicians dehumanising the “scrounging“ disabled. Its that the hardship being witnessed is now so common, so widespread, its as if its not worth comprehension. Resisting this becom
41、es almost an act of defiance: to say that its not normal for a self-proclaimed global leader of disability rights to have to be shamed publicly by the United Nations over its treatment of disabled citizens; that its not economically necessary for one of the wealthiest nations on Earth to cut benefit
42、s and social care so deeply that disabled people are housebound, hungry, or suicidal. When the “most vulnerable citizens“ line is used by well-meaning voices, theres a secret second sentence thats rarely uttered: disabled people, truth be told, do not need to be vulnerable. Contrary to the myth sold
43、 by years of austerity, to be afraid, desperate or isolated is not a normal state of affairs for people with disabilities. Vulnerability comes when politicians choose to pull the support disabled people need in order to live dignified, fulfilling, independent livesknowing full well the misery it wil
44、l cause.31 The UN described the treatment of disabled people in the UK as a “human catastrophe“ because_.（A）the disabled people are being discriminated in every aspect fromeducation, work to housing and so forth（B） Luke Davey lost his appeal against the government for the simple reason that the loca
45、l court favored the government（C） the government dramatically cut its financial support for the disabled people in the years of austerity（D）the disabled people are unable to live and work independently 32 The example of Luke Davey is used to show that_.（A）the disabled people can rely on their family
46、 members for support（B） the disabled people deserved better work opportunity and salary（C） the disabled people are not treated fairly on British court（D）the disabled people live in a catastrophic condition now 33 The underlined sentence “Bit by bit, the abuse of disabled people in Britain is being n
47、ormalised“ implies that_.（A）the society dont accept disabled people into public places（B） the society dont appreciate the effort made by the disabled（C） the society is indifferent to the suffering of the disabled（D）the society implements strict laws against domestic abuse 34 What does the author thi
48、nk about the “most vulnerable citizens“ line?（A）Disabled people are constantly afraid, desperate or isolated.（B） Disabled people are not vulnerable if they are given proper support.（C） Disabled people have many things to worry about.（D）Disabled peoples reliance on politicians make them vulnerable. 3
49、5 The author is writing this passage in a_tone.（A）sceptical（B） thankful（C） critical（D）cheerful35 Heart disease has long been Britains biggest single killer. Despite our efforts to ward off its risk factors with more exercise and a healthier diet, the statistics remain soberingparticularly if you are a man. According to the British Heart Foundation, one in seven men will die from heart disease compare
