1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 173 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 You should assume, in trying for jobs, that you will not be the only applicant. The single most prevalent deciding factor is the【B
2、1】_To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and【B2】_qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time【B3】_, usually from 30 to 45 minutes.【B4】_,you must make a positive impression which the interviewer will【B5】 _while he interviews other applicants. A
3、t all times, you should present your most attractive【B6】_during an interview. You should,【B7】_, take care to appear well-groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too【B8】_or too casual attire.Besides【B9】_for personal appearance, you should pay close attention to your manner of【B10】_. Si
4、nce speech is a reflection of personality, you should reflect【B11 】 _by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard【 B12】_being aggressive or overpowering.Speaking without a subject will not impress anyone. You should be prepared to talk【B13】_about the requirements of the position for which y
5、ou are applying【B14】_your own professional experiences and interests. Knowing something about the【B15】_enables you to ask intelligent questions about the work and the【 B16】_for the job. The interviewer can decide from the questions asked whether you are【B17】_interested or knowledgeable. You can comm
6、ent on your own training, experience, and other【B18】_in relation to the specific tasks of the position. The interviewer can determine whether your background and【B19】_seem to fit the position. The position for which you are applying is not only the safest topic for discussion, it is essential that y
7、ou【B20】_your understanding of the requirements and your abilities in meeting these requirements.1 【B1 】（A）recommendation（B） application（C） interview（D）impression2 【B2 】（A）mental（B） physica（C） comprehensive（D）professional3 【B3 】（A）applicable（B） available（C） attainable（D）acceptable4 【B4 】（A）Furthermor
8、e（B） So（C） However（D）Firstly5 【B5 】（A）cherish（B） reserve（C） remember（D）sustain6 【B6 】（A）manners（B） qualities（C） appearance（D）personality7 【B7 】（A）in particular（B） in short（C） by contrast（D）for example8 【B8 】（A）elaborate（B） informal（C） loose（D）expensive9 【B9 】（A）attention（B） focus（C） caution（D）care10
9、 【B10 】（A）behaving（B） responding（C） speaking（D）remarking11 【B11 】（A）strength（B） friendliness（C） confidence（D）competence12 【B12 】（A）without（B） by（C） in（D）with13 【B13 】（A）seriously（B） knowledgeably（C） tentatively（D）literally14 【B14 】（A）in terms of（B） in contrast to（C） in relation to（D）in line with15 【
10、B15 】（A）position（B） occupation（C） interviewer（D）corporation16 【B16 】（A）doubts（B） questions（C） characteristics（D）requirements17 【B17 】（A）practically（B） genuinely（C） excessively（D）adequately18 【B18 】（A）documents（B） qualifications（C） conditions（D）perceptions19 【B19 】（A）education（B） knowledge（C） experie
11、nces（D）potential20 【B20 】（A）demonstrate（B） justify（C） specify（D）exposePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It seems that fear is the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and
12、terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible on the horizon at su
13、nset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people.Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is not surprising at all that they are scrambling to respond to th
14、e threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a
15、torrent of criticism of his governments inefficient response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for coping with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamiflu, wh
16、ich might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an internationally co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what measures to take.Is any of this effort justifi
17、ed? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test
18、which is required in any kind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.21 It can be inferred from the f
19、irst paragraph that（A）strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations to deal with recent disasters.（B） the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastation.（C） tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizon.（D）reminder of the eternal rhythms of n
20、ature emerged at sunset to avoid these disasters.22 According to the text, American emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu（A）have been stipulated.（B） have been enacted.（C） have been abolished.（D）have been delayed.23 Which of the following remarks on our available antiviral medi
21、cation would the author make?（A）Effective but poisonous.（B） Harmful but populous.（C） Meager and not reliable.（D）Affordable and palatable.24 The phrase “not least“ in the last but one sentence of the text means（A）at most.（B） not at all.（C） marginally.（D）particularly.25 We can draw a conclusion from t
22、he last paragraph of the text that（A）strong and intense response derive from the mass media.（B） the attempts to be made can no longer be justified by their intention.（C） public panic would be diluted by politicians promise.（D）the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat.25 It may be just as
23、 well for Oxford Universitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congregation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. That is because the vice-chancellor, the
24、nearest thing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249: and lots of the dons and colleges dont like it.The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problemsthe difficulty of recrui
25、ting good dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some collegesall spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most-hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons
26、 he knows how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of university administrators.Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not
27、 go far enough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance: the more fundamental problem consists in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radi
28、calism, but these days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence.Oxford gets around 5,000 per undergraduate per year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only 1,150(rising to 3,000 next year)on top of that. Since it probably costs at least 10,000
29、 a year to teach an undergraduate , that leaves Oxford with a deficit of 4, 000 or so per student to cover from its own funds.It would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least if Oxford declared independence. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities charge around 20,000 per st
30、udent per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross-subsidising. America s top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot an
31、d academic standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded.26 It can be inferred from the text that the authors attitude toward John Hood is one of（A）strong disapproval.（B） reserve
32、d consent.（C） enthusiastic support.（D）slight contempt.27 The third paragraph implies that（A）reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of Oxford.（B） an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently needed.（C） the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easily remov
33、ed.（D）the current row is essential to many in polite circle.28 The term “bursaries“(Paragraph 5)most probably denotes（A）free stationery and accommodation.（B） sheltering and meals.（C） preferential policies.（D）scholarship or grant.29 We can learn from the available statistics that（A）the current financ
34、ial status of Oxford results from its being state-funded.（B） radical reforms concentrate on Oxford management structure.（C） Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good dons.（D）notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week.30 According to the text
35、, the author would agree that（A）the contribution from alumni wont lure ample donation by the wealthy.（B） the civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature.（C） the row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point.（D）American s top universities are somewhat apprehensive of th
36、eir current status but over-confident of their prospect.30 Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the
37、human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the percipitous decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manif
38、ested in virgin-soil epidemics.Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by
39、 evidence that a number of dangerous maladiessmallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several morewere unknown in the pre-Columbian New World. The effects of their sudden introduction are demonstrated in the early chronicles of America, which contain reports of horrendous epidemics
40、and steep population declines, confirmed in many cases by recent quantitative analyzes of Spanish tribute records and other sources. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlement
41、s and began to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place. Furthermore, the British tended to drive the native populations away, rather than to enslave them as the Spaniards did, so that the epidemics of British America o
42、ccurred beyond the range of colonists direct observation.Even so, the surviving records of North America do contain references to deadly epidemics among the native population. In 16161619 an epidemic, possibly of pneumonic plague, swept coastal New England, killing as many as nine out of ten. During
43、 the 1630s smallpox, the disease most fatal to the Native American people, eliminated half the population of the Huron and Iroquois confederations. In the 1820s fever devastated the people of the Columbia River area, killing eight out of ten of them.Unfortunately, the documentation of these and othe
44、r epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans. For example, in 1952 an outbreak of measles among the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay, Quebec, affected 99 percent of the po
45、pulation and killed 7 percent, even though some had the benefit of modern medicine. Cases such as this demonstrate that even diseases that are not normally fatal can have destroying consequences when they strike an immunologically defenseless community.31 According to the text, virgin-soil epidemics
46、 can be distinguished from other catastrophic outbreaks of disease in that virgin-soil epidemics（A）recur more frequently than chronic diseases.（B） involve populations with no prior exposure to a disease.（C） usually involve a number of interacting diseases.（D）are less responsive to medical treatment
47、than are other diseases.32 It can be inferred from the text about Spanish tribute records that（A）they were being kept prior to the seventeenth century.（B） they mention only epidemics of smallpox.（C） they provide quantitative and qualitative evidence about Native American populations.（D）they prove th
48、at certain diseases were unknown in the pre-Columbian New World.33 Which of the following can be inferred from the text concerning the Native American inhabitants of Ungava Bay ?（A）They could scarcely ward off the fatal attack by the 1952 epidemic.（B） They were immunologically defenseless against me
49、asles.（C） They were the last native people to be struck by a virgin-soil epidemic.（D）They did not come into frequent contact with White Americans until the 20th century.34 The 1952 measles outbreak is mentioned so as to（A）demonstrate the impact of modern medicine on epidemic disease.（B） refute allegations of unreliability made against the historical record of colonial America.（C） advocate new research into the continuing problem of epidemic disease.（D）conf
