1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 161 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 【B1】_ only among those with whom h
2、e is acquainted. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 【 B2】_ the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; 【B3】_ anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. 【B4】 _, there is no such a written
3、rule, a commonly understood code of behavior which, 【B5】_ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of【B6】_.It has been known as a fact that a British has a 【B7】_ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 【B8 】_. Some people argue that it is becau
4、se the British weather seldom【B9】_forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and【B10 】_to everyone. This may be so.【B11】_a British cannot have much【B12】_in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong【 B13】_a cloud over the Atlantic brin
5、gs rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurateor as inaccurateas the weathermen in his【B14】_.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references【B15】_weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day.【B16】_they may consider this exaggerat
6、ed and comic, it is worthwhile【B17】_out that it could be used to his advantage.【B18】_he wants to start a conversation with a British but is【B19】_to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will【B20】_an answer from even the most reserved of
7、 the British.1 【B1 】（A）relaxed（B） frustrated（C） amused（D）exhausted2 【B2 】（A）experience（B） witness（C） watch（D）undergo3 【B3 】（A）softly（B） constantly（C） hardly（D）loudly4 【B4 】（A）In addition（B） Since（C） While（D）Although5 【B5 】（A）spontaneously（B） once（C） severely（D）permanently6 【B6 】（A）suspicion（B） oppos
8、ition（C） criticism（D）praise7 【B7 】（A）emotion（B） fancy（C） likeliness（D）avoidance8 【B8 】（A）at length（B） at once（C） at large（D）at last9 【B9 】（A）follows（B） predicts（C） defies（D）supports10 【B10 】（A）dedication（B） compassion（C） contemplation（D）enthusiasm11 【B11 】（A）Nevertheless（B） Also（C） Therefore（D）Unfor
9、tunately12 【B12 】（A）faith（B） speculation（C） honor（D）credit13 【B13 】（A）unless（B） until（C） when（D）whereas14 【B14 】（A）propositions（B） predictions（C） approval（D）defiance15 【B15 】（A）about（B） on（C） in（D）to16 【B16 】（A）Since（B） Although（C） However（D）Only if17 【B17 】（A）sending（B） giving（C） pointing（D）taking1
10、8 【B18 】（A）Even if（B） Because（C） If（D）For19 【B19 】（A）at a loss（B） in detail（C） in order（D）on the occasion20 【B20 】（A）receive（B） constitute（C） furnish（D）provokePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 There were some
11、 consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own
12、during the school day.The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending th
13、at all parents read to their children from birth.“A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,“ said Maggie McGuire, the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school
14、 seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the report, 41 percent of frequent readers ages 6 to 10 were read aloud to at home, while only 13 percent of infrequent readers were being read to.Of course, children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots
15、of books and parents who like to read. So while parents who read to their children later in elementary school may encourage those children to become frequent readers on their own, such behavior can also result from “a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families,“ said Timothy
16、Shanahan, a past president of the International Reading Association.There is not yet strong research that connects reading aloud at older ages to improved reading comprehension. But some literacy experts said that when parents or teachers read aloud to children even after they can read themselves, t
17、he children can hear more complex words or stories than they might tackle themselves.“Its this idea of marinating children in higher-level vocabulary,“ said Pam Allyn, founder of LitWorld.Org, a nonprofit group that works to increase literacy among young people. “The read-aloud can really lift the c
18、hild.“ Other literacy experts say the real value of reading to children is helping to develop background knowledge in all kinds of topics as well as exposure to sophisticated language.21 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）the younger children and the older children have the same re
19、ading patterns（B） for the younger children, being read aloud regularly is good to their school days（C） for the older children, having time to read independently is very important（D）for the older children, having restricted online time is good to develop reading habits22 The phrase “tapered off(Para.
20、 2)probably means_.（A）stopped halfway（B） declined gradually（C） turned off（D）read occasionally23 The author mentions “ the report“ in Paragraph 3 to show that_.（A）reading aloud through elementary school is related to children s reading habits（B） Maggie McGuire s viewpoint is wrong（C） many parents thi
21、nk that children read independently is the best thing（D）there is little difference between frequent readers and infrequent readers24 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 4-5?（A）Children who like to read are usually influenced by parents.（B） The family atmosphere is crucial to c
22、hildrens reading behavior.（C） No obvious evidence proves reading aloud at older ages can strengthen reading comprehension.（D）Some literacy experts believe there is no significance to read aloud for older children.25 Pam Allyn argues that the advantage of read-aloud is that_.（A）it can enlarge childre
23、n s vocabulary（B） it can really improve childrens reading ability（C） it s helpful to enrich children s knowledge（D）it s beneficial for children to understand sophisticated language25 Women have been driving yellow cabs in New York since the 1940s, but 99% of drivers are male. Even among drivers of c
24、ars booked by phone or online, only 4% are women. That may change with the launch of SheTaxis, an app that lets female passengers insist on female drivers, and vice versa.It will be available in New York City, Westchester and Long Island, and the firm plans to expand to other cities. Stella Mateo, t
25、he founder, is betting that quite a few women are nervous and weary of getting into cars driven by men. The service may also appeal to those whose religious beliefs forbid them to travel with unrelated men. Each driver wears a pink pashmina. Men who ask for a ride will be directed to another car ser
26、vice.Similar services thrive in India, South Africa and several Middle Eastern cities. Japan has had women-only railway carriages on and off since 1912. Known as hana densha(flower trains), they offer shelter from the gropers who make rush hour in Tokyo so disagreeable.But SheTaxis faces two speed b
27、umps. One is practical. Demand has been so great that the firm has had to decelerate its launch until it can recruit 500 drivers. The other obstacle is legal. By employing only female drivers, SheTaxis is obviously discriminating against men. Since anti-discrimination law is not always applied with
28、common sense, that may be illegal. And there is no shortage of potential litigants. Yellow cabbies are furious at the growth of online taxi firms such as Uber. “Its not hard to imagine a guy . filing suit,“ says Sylvia Law of New York University Law School. “SheTaxis defence would probably be that i
29、ts drivers are all independent contractors.“Because the firm caters only to women, it is discriminating against male customers, too. Is that legal? Angela Cornell of Cornell Law School thinks there could be a loophole. New Yorks Human Rights Commission could make an exemption on the ground that SheT
30、axi offers a service that is in the public interest: women feel safer not getting into cars with strange men. Women-only colleges are allowed, so why not women-only cabs? The snag is that some men may also feel safer getting into cabs with female drivers. A study in 2010 found that 80% of crashes in
31、 New York City that kill or seriously injure pedestrians involve male drivers. Women drivers are simply better.26 We can learn from the first paragraph that SheTaxis_.（A）will increase women driving yellow cabs（B） will change the market of booking taxis online（C） allows female drivers to only choose
32、female passengers（D）lets male passengers insist on male drivers27 It can be inferred that the service of SheTaxis may appeal to_.（A）women who are nervous about taxi drivers（B） women with certain religious beliefs（C） women who are tired of taking taxis（D）men who ask for a ride28 The word “gropers“(Pa
33、ra. 3)probably refers to_.（A）people who cause a traffic jam（B） men who make sexual harassment to women（C） men who cause the rush hour in Tokyo（D）people who make taking trains disagreeable29 If SheTaxis is accused of discriminating against men, it may_.（A）decelerate its launch as an online taxi firm（
34、B） employ both male and female drivers（C） make anti-discrimination law not applicable（D）spring to the defence of its drivers30 SheTaxis may be exempt from illegality by New Yorks Human Rights Commission because_.（A）its service provided is based on the public interest（B） it discriminates against male
35、 passengers（C） it provides service also for male passengers（D）it decreases crashes caused by male drivers30 Psychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question,
36、we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another br
37、ainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning.Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. Th
38、e results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others.We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characte
39、ristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well people can read complex emotional states from images
40、of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at “mindreading“ than men.In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned e
41、ach of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate collective intelligenc
42、e, and whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser.And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients for a smart team remained constant regardless of it
43、s mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）some groups are really smarter than others（B） the 697 volunteer participants need to complete a series of short tasks together
44、（C） the selected short tasks must have practical significance（D）logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task32 According to psychologists, individual intelligence_.（A）is characterized by generality（B） is related to math skills（C） is not related to teams（D）is key to smarter teams33 A
45、ccording to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT _.（A）The members have relatively equal contribution to the team s discussions（B） The members have a higher IQ（C） The members have a stronger ability of reading complex facial expressions（D）There are more fe
46、male members than other teams34 In a new study, the other half of people work online because_.（A）it s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experiment（B） online collaboration is becoming more and more important（C） the experimenters want to see whether collective intelligence will be showed（D）the e
47、xperimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team35 The best title for the passage may be_.（A）How to Develop a Smarter Team（B） Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than Others（C） The Characteristics of Smarter Team（D）What Factors can Affect a Team35 Over the weekend, NASA s newest Mars rover, t
48、he Curiosity, which landed early on Aug. 6 after an eight-month flight, started sending back a 360-degree high-resolution panorama of its surroundings.At a news conference on Wednesday, John P. Grotzinger, a professor of geology at the California Institute of Technology who serves as the mission s p
49、roject scientist, compared the view with a place just a few hours drive from Pasadena, Calif, and NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the rovers birthplace. “You would really be forgiven for thinking that NASA was trying to pull a fast one on you,“ he said, “and we actually put a rover out in the Mojave Desert and took a picturea little L.A.(Los Angeles)smog coming in there.“ He added, “To
