1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 157 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Ive heard many students and professionals express a desire to take a speed reading course so they can increase their knowledge at
2、a faster rate. But the information Ive【B1】_over the last few years【B2】_me to believe that “speed reading“ may be less useful than most people think.Dont push yourself to read at a(n) 【B3】_pace. The claim that you can read and fully【B4】_2,000 or 3,000 words per minute is a(n) 【B5】 _exaggeration. One
3、researcher proved this in a study in which irrelevant and【B6】_sentences were added to a passage of writing. The “speed readers“ who were tested didnt notice the irrelevant linesthe non-speed readers【B7 】 _them immediately.It was said that President Kennedy read three or four major daily newspapers e
4、ach morning in just a few minutes. But he【B8】_obtained all the information he needed from the headlines and topic paragraphs. I wish I could have【B9】_him after he completed his daily newspaper reading. Im willing to【B10】_he would not have known most details revealed in the body of the articles【B11】_
5、those in stories he read completely. I suspect thats also true【B12】_most persons who make【B13 】 _to great reading speeds.Ive never taken one of the reading courses that【B14】_to increase your reading pace astronomically, but Ive spoken【B15】 _to many persons who have. Virtually all of them felt the co
6、urses had been helpful but,【B16 】_, didnt make them faster readers.My secretary used to teach a speed reading course for the personnel department of a large utility company. She told me the follow-up【B17】_indicated that employees who attended all 12 classes showed no【B18 】_long-term improvement in t
7、heir reading speed. She did add,【B19】_, that many company employees took the course to enhance their promotion opportunities, and it may well have【B20】_that purpose.1 【B1 】（A）collected（B） learned（C） defined（D）given2 【B2 】（A）transforms（B） adapts（C） leads（D）contributes3 【B3 】（A）unprecedented（B） except
8、ional（C） gradual（D）extraordinary4 【B4 】（A）consider（B） recognize（C） recall（D）comprehend5 【B5 】（A）grand（B） gross（C） little（D）subtle6 【B6 】（A）particular（B） imaginary（C） illogical（D）illusionary7 【B7 】（A）spotted（B） neglected（C） perceived（D）realized8 【B8 】（A）definitely（B） scarcely（C） probably（D）partly9 【B
9、9 】（A）asked（B） tested（C） interviewed（D）questioned10 【B10 】（A）bet（B） confirm（C） swear（D）pledge11 【B11 】（A）except that（B） regardless of（C） except for（D）in addition to12 【B12 】（A）for（B） to（C） of（D）as13 【B13 】（A）claims（B） progress（C） adjustments（D）provision14 【B14 】（A）commit（B） ensure（C） assume（D）promis
10、e15 【B15 】（A）at most（B） at hand（C） at length（D）at once16 【B16 】（A）in fact（B） in the long run（C） after all（D）in consequence17 【B17 】（A）procedures（B） courses（C） surveys（D）investigations18 【B18 】（A）significant（B） absolute（C） clear（D）prominent19 【B19 】（A）moreover（B） however（C） therefore（D）furthermore20
11、【B20 】（A）functioned（B） practiced（C） provided（D）servedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It is not quite Benidorm yet, but Antarctica has become an increasingly popular destination for the more adventurous tour
12、ist. In this years southern-hemisphere summer season, running from November to March, as many as 39,000 visitors are expected to make the trip from Tierra del Fuego, the nearest jumping-off point to the worlds emptiest continent. That amounts to a fourfold increase in a decade. Officials in both Chi
13、le and Argentina are getting increasingly worried about the risk of a fatal accident“a new Titanic“ as one Chilean naval officer puts it.Nobody has died so far, but there have been some near-collisions. In 2007 more than 150 people were evacuated when their ship, the Explorer, sank after hitting an
14、iceberg near the South Shetland Islands. They were “very lucky with the weather“, says Chiles deputy minister for the navy, Carolina Echeverna. That was one of only two accidents last season, with a similar number the previous year and one so far this season.Help is usually not far away. Although cr
15、uise ships plan their route so as to keep out of each others sight, there are generally 20 to 30 boats heading to or from the Antarctic Peninsula on any one day. Even so, surviving an accident is something of a lottery. It depends partly on the weather. Not all the ships have the covered lifeboats r
16、ecommended for polar conditions. Small boats, like the Explorer, have a better chance of being able to transfer their passengers if they get into difficulties. But some cruise ships visiting Antarctica now carry almost 3,000 passengersmore than ten times the limit that offers a reasonable chance of
17、timely rescue, according to Chiles navy.The navy is annoyed about the coat of patrols, rescue operations and cleaning up fuel spills. It wants legally binding rules, backed by penalties for Antarctic cruise ships. But that is hard to achieve. Under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty no country can exercise s
18、overeignty over any part of the continent and its waters are international. Some rules on tourism have been written under the treaty: cruise ships carrying over 500 passengers cannot make landings, for example. But these are not legally enforceable. Neither will be rules being debated by the United
19、Nations International Maritime Organization on safety requirements.Some tour operators say they would welcome tighter regulation and higher safety standards. Others insist that safety is already adequate. The world recession may place a temporary brake on the trade. But Chilean officials reckon that
20、 the trend to big cruise ships, with their cheaper fares, will resume once recovery comes. If so, a tragedy may be only a matter of time.21 We learn from the first paragraph that Antarctica has（A）become a Benidorm-like tourist destination.（B） witnessed more fatal accidents than before.（C） attracted
21、more bold guests than before.（D）experienced a new Titanic period.22 The Explorer is mentioned in paragraph 2 to show that（A）its perfectly safe to visit Antarctica.（B） the weather will help people survive.（C） nobody has died from accidents so far.（D）accidents occur occasionally in this area.23 “Help
22、is usually not far away“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)suggests that（A）cruise ships plan to keep themselves away from other boats.（B） surviving an accident depends largely on the weather.（C） boats sail frequently around the visiting area of the cruise ships.（D）cruise ships are equipped with lifeboats for pass
23、engers.24 According to the Antarctic Treaty,（A）the navy should rescue as many survivors as possible in spite of high cost.（B） no country is entitled to the rights of Antarctic continent and its waters.（C） Antarctica should be open to the world without any form of restrictions.（D）rules concerning Ant
24、arctica should be approved by the United Nations.25 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（A）tour operators are eager to see more regulations concerning Antarctica.（B） safety issues should not be worried about no matter how many cruise ships come.（C） the world recession helps tour operators
25、 to reduce their fares.（D）when more and more visitors come to Antarctica, a tragedy is foreseeable.25 Science and its practical applications in the form of technology, or the “science“ of the industrial arts, as Webster defines the term, have had an enormous impact on modern society and culture. For
26、 generations it was believed that science and technology would provide the solutions to the problem of human suffering disease, famine, war, and poverty. But today these problems remain; in fact, many argue that they are expanding. Some even conclude that science and technology as presently constitu
27、ted are not capable of meeting the collective needs of mankind. A more radical position is that modern scientific methods and institutions, because of their very nature and structure, thwart basic human needs and emotions; the catastrophes of todays world, and the greatest threat to its future, some
28、 claim, are the direct consequences of science and technology.A major paradox has been created: scientific rationality taken as the supreme form of the application of the rational faculties of human beings and which, along with its practical applications in the form of technological development, hav
29、e liberated man from ignorance, from the whims and oppressions of a relentless nature and while having subordinated the earth to man, has become the potential instrument of the self-destruction of the human species. War, pollution, and economic oppression are seen as the inevitable results of scient
30、ific advance by large sections of the public. The atomic disaster of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings are seen as the products of an uninterested scientific rationality.In recent decades in the West there has emerged a wave of anti-scientific, antirational moods, especially among the young people
31、, which threatens a complete rejection not simply of the technological fruits of science, but of scientific rationalism as well, in favor of one or another version of mysticism, irrationalism, and primitivismor as one philosopher of science has called it, of blood and soil philosophy. Wartovsky has
32、described the argument of the anti-science people as one in which we are warned to “listen to the blood, get back to our roots, and cast out the evil demons of a blind and inhuman rationality, and thereby we will save ourselves“. The only “reasonable thing“ to do, according to the oppositionist, is
33、to reject reason itselfat least in its scientific form. The very rejection of that reason, in “reasonable“ terms, is in itself a paradox.26 According to Paragraph 1, science and technology hindered humans needs and emotions in that（A）science and technology are not capable of meeting all human needs.
34、（B） the problems of human sufferings still remain today.（C） the nature and the structure of modern science is inappropriate.（D）science and technology cause many catastrophes and pose a great threat to future.27 By saying “. having subordinated the earth to man“(Line 4, Paragraph 2), the author impli
35、es that science and technology（A）have enslaved human beings.（B） have led to the ruin of civilization.（C） have freed human beings from ignorance.（D）have helped human beings to conquer the Nature.28 For the anti-science people, the results of the scientific development has been caused by（A）an increase
36、 in human problems.（B） the atomic disaster.（C） natural and economic oppression.（D）the scientific rationalism.29 Which of the following is true of the anti-science people?（A）They argue about that famine, war, and poverty are increasing.（B） They are still not too disillusioned on human situations.（C）
37、They do not believe anything at all.（D）They are most eager to reject scientific application.30 The authors attitude towards the anti-scientific wave might be（A）approval.（B） disapproval.（C） neutral.（D）subjective.30 Fat: what is it good for? Absolutely nothing, or so you might think. But obesity seems
38、 to protect mice against a fatal form of malariacerebral malaria. Working out how it has this effect might lead to new treatments for people.Although obesity is now on the rise in the developing world, it has traditionally been seen as a malaise of the rich. In contrast, malaria tends to be regarded
39、 as a disease of the poor, so few people have studied how the two conditions affect each other. In mice meanwhile, there are signs that diabetes, which often affects obese people, might offer some protectioa against malaria.To find out more about how obesity affects malaria in mice, Vincent Robert a
40、t the Institute for Development Research(IRD)in Paris, France, and colleagues injected 14 obese and 14 non-obese mice with the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. After six days, eight of the non-obese mice died from cerebral malaria, which causes coma and death in humans, and the rest died about t
41、wo weeks later from severe anemia because the parasite had destroyed their red blood cells. In contrast, none of the obese mice showed signs of cerebral malaria. Although they all eventually succumbed to severe anemia and died 18 to 25 days after infection, anemia can be treatedso obesity did seem t
42、o offer mice some useful protection.Exactly how the obese mice resist malaria is not clear, says Delphine Depoix from the Museum of Natural History in Paris, but there are several possibilities. One clue lies in a mutation in the gene coding for the leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, which mak
43、es the mice obese, but also controls the immune response. Previous research has shown that obese mice with the leptin mutation often react to infections with a “Th2“ rather man “Thl“ response. As Thl in mice is thought to trigger the inflammation mat helps cerebral malaria to kill its victims, Depoi
44、x speculates mat me Th2 response might be protecting me obese mice. Another possible explanation is that the abnormally high blood sugar associated with obesity in both mice and people “might compensate“ for the low blood sugar caused by severe malaria, says Depoix, allowing me mice to better cope w
45、ith parasite infection.Andrew Prentice of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine says that figuring out how me mice resist malaria will be crucial to developing new treatments for people with malaria. His colleague Christopher Whitty warns that any insights drawn from these results are p
46、reliminary: “Mouse models are always useful in raising hypotheses but cannot settle them as far as cerebral malaria is concerned.“31 The first paragraph suggests that obesity（A）has negative effect on me people.（B） appears helpful in protecting mice from cerebral malaria.（C） leads to new medical trea
47、tments for sick people.（D）does more good man harm to people.32 Few people have conducted research on the relations between malaria and obesity because（A）more and more people suffer from obesity in me developing world.（B） only a small number of the rich suffer from malaria.（C） both malaria and obesit
48、y are not prevalent in the world.（D）they were seen as the disease of the poor and of the rich respectively.33 After being injected with malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, the obese mice（A）died from cerebral malaria.（B） died from the destruction of their red blood cells caused by severe anemia.（C）
49、died from infection without showing signs of cerebral malaria.（D）were still alive thanks to the useful protection of obesity.34 To which of the following statements would Delphine Depoix most probably agree?（A）The obese mice are likely to give reaction to infections with a “Thl “response.（B） The obese mice with the leptin mutation might be protected by “Th2“ response.（C） The inflammation triggered by Th2 helps cerebral malaria to kill its victims.（D）Thl in mic
