1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 139 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type off-spring. But the environment must also have
2、a (1)_ effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a (2)_ factor in the lives of their children.One place where children (3)_ A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs
3、moral standard and (4)_ their success by sporting (5)_ The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-type seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too (6)_ to win can have dangerous (7
4、)_: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped (8)_ seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we (9)_!“(10)_ the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is rare that school (11)_ pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merit
5、s of competition by examination are somewhat (12)_, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor (13)_ that all A-youngsters change into Bs. The world needs different kinds of person, and schools have an important duty to try to fit
6、 a childs personality to his possible future (14)_ It is top management.If the (15)_ of schools with academic work was (16)_, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the (17)_ professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and
7、more by such (18)_ as (19)_ and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be (20)_.（A）prevailing（B） profound（C） precautionary（D）progressive（A）major（B） minor（C） superior（D）senior（A）soak off（B） soak through（C） soak up（D）soak out（A
8、）estimate（B） calculate（C） shape（D）measure（A）succession（B） accomplishment（C） achievements（D）completeness（A）eager（B） keen（C） intent（D）desirous（A）outcome（B） effect（C） consequence（D）denouement（A）deadly（B） die（C） dead（D）dying（A）conquer（B） surrender（C） renounce（D）triumph（A）By far（B） Until（C） So far（D）Howe
9、ver（A）forbids（B） allows（C） grants（D）admits（A）questionable（B） questioning（C） undoubted（D）undoubtable（A）desirable（B） desired（C） desiring（D）desirous（A）employment（B） entrance（C） recruitment（D）enrollment（A）preoccupation（B） prepackage（C） preparation（D）prepayment（A）decreased（B） abased（C） lessened（D）degrade
10、d（A）service（B） nutrient（C） caring（D）health（A）causes（B） factor（C） considerations（D）reasons（A）sense（B） sensitivity（C） sensation（D）sensuousness（A）stimulated（B） processed（C） stimulus（D）promotedGrammar21 _ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.（A）That was from Stephen（B） It was Stephen w
11、hom（C） It was from Stephen that（D）It was Stephen that22 You may rely on_everything will be ready by Monday.（A）that（B） which（C） it that（D）if23 Everyone congratulated the captain, _whom the team could not have won.（A）without（B） except（C） beyond（D）besides24 The touch excites no defensive response unles
12、s the approach is from above where the spider can see the motion, _on its hind legs, lifts its front legs, opens its fangs and holds this threatening posture as long as the object continues to move.（A）in which case it rises（B） in that case it rises（C） in which case does it rise（D）such being the case
13、 it rises25 If at some point they do import Christianity, it is _ that it will be absorbed and adapted _ strengthen the continuing core of Chinese culture.（A）more than likely. in such a manner as to（B） more likely than . in such a manner so as to（C） likely more than. in a manner so as to（D）more like
14、ly . to such a manner as26 Of the two new teachers, one is experienced and_.（A）another is inexperienced（B） the other is not（C） the other are not（D）other lacks experience27 The doctor suggested that your brother avoid_ his right hand.（A）to be using（B） using（C） having been using（D）to use28 Theres no c
15、omparison between them, one_clearly much better than the other.（A）being（B） was（C） be（D）having been29 _a crowd of spectators, Bill felt nervous.（A）Watched（B） Watching（C） Being watched by（D）Having watched30 Were safer in a train than we would be if we_any other way.（A）travel（B） travelled（C） have trave
16、lled（D）had travelledPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Adverti
17、sers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same ta
18、ctics apply.Advertisers now place “banners“, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These acti
19、ons are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who
20、 tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater pro
21、fits.The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing the
22、m as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be con
23、sidered to reinvigorate the industry.With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is ca
24、lled into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the World Wide Web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.Notes:on a whim 心血来潮。surf v.冲浪。in theory 在理论上，顺理成章。hosting 访问率高的。call.into question 质疑，对 提出疑问。31 It can be
25、 learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising _.（A）has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising.（B） is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web.（C） is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings.（D）seeks to tempt customers through
26、 impulse shopping methods.32 The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate _.（A）the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome.（B） the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping.（C） the biggest splash Internet advertisers have r
27、ecently made in sales promotions.（D）the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers interest.33 Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies that _.（A）it has to be modified over time to remain effective.（B） for all its current profit
28、s, it will fade in the long run.（C） banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency.（D）Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.34 The expression “do the trick“ in the last paragraph most probably means _.（A）come to the point.（B） fulfill their purpose.（C） fail of their
29、 success.（D）live up to their promise.35 The authors attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as _.（A）reserved consent but discontent.（B） objective analysis void of opinions.（C） enthusiastic support but slight contempt.（D）approval so far but uncertainty in the future.35 Economics is all a
30、bout consumption. A healthy economy is largely a result of a reasonable balance between consumption today and consumption deferred. To figure out what our buying behavior says about the U. S. economys future, my colleagues and I at NPRs “Planet Money“ went searching for as many shopping-based indica
31、tors as we could find, hoping some would unlock a hidden story about what Americans are feeling and where the country is headed. The results were mixed, but we did uncover some ominous signs. Lipstick sales used to go up when the economy went down, perhaps because women were searching for a cheap pi
32、ck-me-up or an edge in a job interviewand sales of lipsticks are way up right now. Womens underwear sales are down, which historically suggests intense frugality and more rough times ahead. But there are also some optimistic indicators. Sales of mens underwear, one of Alan Greenspans favorite metric
33、s for predicting growth, are also up. Sales of cheap spirits, which soared during the worst of the recession (people need an affordable way to self-medicate), have now stabilized, meaning, at the very least, that people can now afford better liquor. Of all the indicators we looked at, one of the mos
34、t consistently accurate was Champagne sales. The amount of French Champagne that Americans consume has predictedwith nearly 90 percent accuracy the average American income one year later. Apparently, when we pop a Champagne cork, we know that good times are ahead. Champagne sales hurtled upward twic
35、e in recent historyat the peak of the Internet bubble in 1999 and the housing bubble in 2007. These were both followed by slowdowns as fewer people found reason to celebrate. There are so many indicators to choose from that you could glean just about anything regarding our economic future. In fact,
36、the most telling indicator appears to be the sheer number of indicators themselves. Americans now have so many seductive things they can buy that there are ample consumer options no matter what we feel. Partly as a result, savingsknown in economics as deferred consumptionhave fallen steadily for mor
37、e than 30 years. The decline of the savings rate is particularly troubling because it is consistent through busts and booms. During the fast growth of the late 1990s and mid-2000s, and the dark times that followed, people have been choosing to spend more and save less than ever before. Paradoxically
38、, this happened just as pensions have been disappearing and life spans have been increasing. It suggests that Americans are so caught up in every short-term enthusiasm or agony that they havent thought enough about long-term fiscal health. America will, most likely, need to find a more normal, susta
39、inable level of consumption, and thats exactly the problem. What does a reasonable balance between consumption now and consumption deferred actually look like? Thats what we need to figure out. 40 A simple definition for a social network is the circles of people you know. There are circles of your c
40、lose friends, others include your family, and yet others are of your acquaintances from church, your job, or community life. The Internet offers yet another opportunity for developing a social network with people who share something in common with you but whose paths you wouldnt have necessarily cro
41、ssed because they reside in other states or countries.Social networking on the Internet took off in popularity several years ago. Now there are over 200 sites where you can make new friends, find a date, exchange photos or make new business connections. At MySpace you can create a private community
42、to share photos and interests with your network of friends or family members. Its become very popular with the high school and college-aged set, but the number of older adults participating on MySpace is growing rapidly. Linkedln is a good example of a business networking site where your profile is
43、more like a resume with a focus on work experience and skill sets such as engineering or marketing.Although many of these social networking sites allow you to add pictures and personal information to attract new friends, its very important that you remember to stay safe on the Internet. Like any oth
44、er public place, you need to be protective of your personal information when youre visiting sites on the Internet, and there are some bits of personal data that you should not share or have easily accessible on a social website. The obvious information not to publicly reveal is your actual address a
45、nd phone number. In many cases you may not even want to provide your email address. Its not wise to fill in any form with your exact birthday, the true city where you were born or your mothers family name. There are all the types of information used by banks and credit card companies to verify your
46、identify. A clever thief will troll social sites gathering this sort of information in order to steal an identity. So, be mindful when you join a social networking site that not everyone who contacts you is a trustworthy individual.If youre interested in giving social networking a try, browse a site
47、 you want to join as a “guest“ for a while or ask some of your friends what sites they belong to. Fill out only the minimal profile information when you first join. You can always add more data later when youve become comfortable with the social interaction you have on that site. Also remember to re
48、move information from your profile when you leave a site to which you dont intend to return.41 What is the passage mainly talking about?（A）Social networking provides a more convenient way to communicate with people online.（B） Human beings are spending more time talking online than in real life.（C） S
49、ocial networking let people communicate with friends online perfectly.（D）People are trying to find a better and secure way to communicate through Internet.42 Via social networking, we can_.（A）find some useful information about our society（B） ask others to help us with our businesses（C） make friends, business connections or find appointments（D）get private information about others43 Whats the ma
