1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 126 及答案与解析Grammar1 A suitcase with shirt, trousers and shoes_stolen from the car.（A）have been（B） has been（C） are（D）was2 I am sure you shant find a single mistake in my composition. Oh, I shant, _?（A）will I（B） shall I（C） wont I（D）shant I3 Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our ap
2、artment, _should make great differences in our life next summer.（A）which（B） what（C） that（D）they4 It is imperative that students_their term papers on time.（A）hand in（B） would hand in（C） have to hand in（D）handed in5 I_ the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there.（A）would
3、 enjoy（B） will have enjoyed（C） would have enjoyed（D）will be enjoying6 He has never visited the town_he was born.（A）where（B） which（C） on which（D）that7 He_in Japan as he left by boat last month.（A）ought to arrive（B） ought to have arrived（C） should arrive（D）must arrive8 He sat there, doing nothing else
4、_.（A）but to laugh（B） than laughing（C） than laugh（D）but laughed9 He was attending a meeting, _come to your birthday party then.（A）unless he would have（B） or he would（C） but he did not（D）or he would have10 _hes been learning English for no more than a year, he speaks it very well.（A）Assuming（B） Consid
5、ering（C） Supposing（D）Now thatPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)10 Marine LifeIf the Census, Bureau thinks it has its hands full counting Americans, imagine what scientists are up against in trying to tally every
6、 living thing in the ocean, including microbes so small they seem invisible.The worldwide Census of Marine Life has four field projects focusing on hard-to-see sea life such as tiny microbes and zooplankton in the sea bed. Tiny as individuals, these life forms are massive as groups and provide food
7、that helps underpin better-known living things.“Scientists are discovering and describing an astonishing new world of marine microbial diversity and abundance, distribution patterns and seasonal changes,“ said Mitch Sogin of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. , leader of the Inter
8、national Census of Marine Life. The Census of Marine Life, which is scheduled to be reported Oct. 4 in London, has involved more than 2,000 scientists from more than 80 nations. The decade-long census has discovered more than 5,000 new forms of marine life. Researchers think there may be several tim
9、es that many yet to be found.Previous updates have focused on larger creatures, such as an Antarctic expressway where octopuses ride along in a flow of extra salty water, the deepest comb jellyfish ever found and The White Shark Cafe, a deep Pacific Ocean site where sharks congregate in winter.Now t
10、he researchers have turned to the tiniest of things, some of which burrow in the sea floor. Remotely operated deep-sea vehicles discovered that roundworms dominate the deepest, darkest abyss. Sometimes, more than 500,000 can exist in just over a square yard of soft clay. Only a few different types h
11、ave been studied. There are also 16, 000 or more species of seaworms. There are loriciferans, which the scientists call “girdle wearers“ because of hind shells resembling a corset. And there are hundreds of types of tiny crustaceans.“Such findings make us look at the deep sea from a new perspective,
12、“ says researcher Pedro Martinez Arbizu of the German Center for Marine Biodiversity Research. “Far from being a lifeless desert, the deep sea rivals such highly diverse ecosystems as tropical rainforests and coral reefs.“11 What is said about smaller marine life?（A）It is impossible to count its num
13、ber owing to its invisibility.（B） It is found that all smaller marine life live in the sea bed.（C） Some smaller marine life are tiny while others are massive.（D）Some familiar creatures depend on smaller marine life for food supply.12 What can we know about the Census of Marine Life?（A）The census hel
14、ps us know more about the types and numbers of marine microbes.（B） Many scientists will participate in the census which will start on Oct. 4.（C） Nearly all new forms of marine life have been found in the census.（D）More marine life can be found if the census conducts more researches.13 What is the fo
15、cus of study for researchers at present?（A）Large marine creatures.（B） Tiniest marine creatures.（C） Deep-sea creatures.（D）Different types of roundworms.14 What can be inferred from the passage?（A）The deep sea area is full of different types of newly found creatures.（B） Findings of new creatures enabl
16、e us to have a fresh look at the deep sea area.（C） The deep sea area has long been regarded as an area without life.（D）There is no difference between the deep sea area and tropical forests.15 What does the underlined word “rival“ in Para.6 mean?（A）Competitor.（B） Compete.（C） Match.（D）Compare.15 The S
17、pecial Forces Club, founded in 1945 in London by former members of the Special Operations Fxecutive,is a reminder that some things are more important than money. But the world of money is hard to ignore. Harrods, a posh department store, is just around the corner. A Russian oligarch is noisily build
18、ing a palace across the road. Many members have to think about making a living now that the army is shrinking. They wonder; are the skills that are celebrated inside the club useful in the world outside its windows?Once upon a time, business could not get enough of the smell of cordite. Tycoons refe
19、rred to themselves as “captains of industry“ and crafted “strategics“(from the Greek word for “general“)for their troops. They talked of waging “war“ on their rivals. They relaxed by reading Sun Tzus “The Art of War“. But more recently attitudes have changed. Businesspeople argue that military-style
20、 command-and-control systems are out of date in a world of knowledge workers and fluid alliances.This argument provokes derision in the Special Forces Club. Sir. Michael Rose, a retired general who spent part of his career with Britains SAS(Special Air Service), points out that the special forces ha
21、ve always embraced currently trendy management nostrums such as “empowerment“ and “ high-performance teams“. People who are dropped behind enemy lines have no choice but to rely on their own wits and make the most of limited resources. Sir. Michael also points out that the regular forces have follow
22、ed the special forces in introducing a “mission-command approach“that is, a commander defines the overall mission but then leaves the officers on the ground to decide how to execute it.Plenty of retired officers argue that businesspeople have much to learn from the armed services. For example, busin
23、ess theorists increasingly emphasizes the importance of corporate culture, yet many new businesses do a dismal job of nurturing it. The military services, by contrast, have been adept at preserving their culture at a time of social turmoil. Granted, they have sometimes been slow to change. America o
24、nly lifted the ban on openly gay troops in 2011, and on women in combat last month. But still, armies are much better than other institutions at building a lifelong esprit de corps. Military mottoes make strong men cry: “ The few, the proud“ ; “ Who dares wins“. Most corporate mission statements mak
25、e desk warriors cringe with embarrassment.16 In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on th
26、e moon; for dealing with our urban problems, and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the worlds rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge sig
27、nificantly impinges on the universities efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledgethe imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally san
28、ctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a d
29、ramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.While higher education has become a great “growth i
30、ndustry“, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their
31、students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on res
32、ources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions organization and functioning to conform to the demands of research rather thorn those of teaching.16 According to the author, _ is the most important function of institutions of higher education.（A）
33、creating new knowledge（B） providing solutions to social problems（C） making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students（D）preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge17 According to the passage, one cause for the difficulties of American higher education is that_（A）the gover
34、nment has stopped giving public institutions as much financial support as it used to（B） America has always been encouraging young people to go to college（C） many public institutions have replaced private ones（D）the government only finances such researches as that or placing man on the moon18 The phr
35、ase “impinge on“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means_（A）promote（B） rely on（C） have an impact on（D）block19 A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that_（A）many public institutions have to cut down enrollments of students（B） teachers are not qualified enough for satisfactory perfo
36、rmance in classes（C） some institutions have to reduce the expenses on research（D）there is keen competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and private20 Which of the following statements is not true?_（A）American society has failed to provide these institutions with adequate res
37、ources to meet their needs（B） Though in difficulty, these institutions are determined to fulfill both research and teaching functions（C） American society has relied too much on their institutions of higher education to allow them for easy adjustment to all their functions（D）More resources and effort
38、s of faculty are needed for research work than teaching work20 Whats the first thing you do when you burn or cut one of your hands? You might think the answer is that you put it under a faucet or wrap a towel around it. But thats actually not the first thing you do. The first thing is reflexive, unt
39、hinkingsomething your ancestors could have done in the wild: you grasp the hurt hand with the other one. We have known at least since the 1960s that this kind of self-touch actually reduces pain. If you try to keep your other hand away, you will hurt a lot more. Its not just the pressure you apply.
40、Pain is reduced far more when its your own hand, not anyone elses.Now a new study shows that self-touch also minimizes more complex kinds of pain. In their experiment, the authors, a team led by Marjolein Kammers, used self-touch to reduce a complicated physical sensation called central pain.Central
41、 pain is also the major player in the carnival-like experiment called the thermal grill illusion. In the thermal grill illusion, you are made to touch a very warm objectsay, a heated-but-not-scorching grill and then, immediately afterward, a cool object such as a room-temperature grill. Quite reliab
42、ly, your brain will fool you into believing the second object is extremely hot, even though nothing has happened to your flesh. The first grill wasnt hot enough to burn, and the second is actually cool. But your brain is confused: thats central pain. Even though the thermal grill illusion was first
43、written about in the 19th century, neurologists have never been able to understand precisely how it works and whether it could be used in treating pain.Kammers team replicated the thermal grill illusion using water. Her participants immersed their index and ring fingers in 39-degree-Celsius water. T
44、heir middle fingers were put in 14-degree-Celsius water. In this condition, the two middle fingers felt much hotter than they did when the four index and ring fingers were immersed in neutral water.But Kammers added a new twist to the thermal grill illusion: after their fingers felt the thermal-gril
45、l sensation, she asked participants to press the fingers of their two hands together. When they did so, their middle fingers hurt a lot less than when they touched someone elses hand.Kammers and her team struggled to explain the findings. Something is surely happening in a brain region called the so
46、matosensory cortex, but psychological responses are also involved. Its all a bit vague. Still, the findings suggest that the body and brain have instinctive ways of healing that we could come to understand one day and then magnify. 21 Researcher have found out in the 1960s that_.（A）cuts on the hand
47、shouldnt be wrapped around with towel（B） our ancestors had already known the function of self-touch（C） pressing the cuts with your own hand can relieve the pain（D）you should do what you first think of when endangered22 Which of the following is TRUE of central pain?（A）Its caused by the confusion of
48、the brain.（B） It usually happens in some experiments.（C） It can be verified by the thermal grill illusion.（D）It can be felt when you touch cool objects.23 What does the underlined “it“(Line 7, Paragraph 3)probably refer to?（A）The brain.（B） Their understanding.（C） Central pain.（D）Thermal grill illusi
49、on.24 It is suggested by Kammers new study that_.（A）self-touch may help to ease the thermal-grill sensation（B） water is more suitable to use in the sensation experiment（C） the thermal grill illusion is just a psychological response（D）middle fingers are probably more sensitive to central pain25 The author would probably assess Kammers research as_.（A）epoch-making（B） meaningless（C） confusing（D）enlightening25 As a giant of the stock market, Apple is unus
