1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 120 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is saidthe words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are (1)_
2、from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness (2)_ a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words (3)_ Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given (4)_. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those (5)_ if we listen for
3、 (6)_ words. We dont always say what we mean (7)_ mean what we say. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy“. The owner says, “Its been like that for years“. (8)_, the step hasnt been like that f
4、or years, but the (9)_ message is: “I dont want to fix it. We can put up with it why cant you?“ The (10)_ for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message (11)_ who said it, when it occurred, the (12)_ conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can
5、 also (13)_ associated meaning. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by (14)_ that it was preceded by situations that required a(n) (15)_ amount of assertiveness.We would do well to listen for how message are (16)_ The words, “it sure has been nice to have you over“, can be sai
6、d with (17)_ and excited or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or (18)_ several times. And the meaning we associate with the phrase will change (19)_ Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the (20)_ importance it assumes.（
7、A）omitted（B） resulted（C） dismissed（D）derived（A）for（B） under（C） as（D）against（A）as well（B） alone（C） long before（D）though（A）message（B） description（C） statement（D）explanation（A）associations（B） appointments（C） appliances（D）agitations（A）less than（B） rather than（C） more than（D）other than（A）or else（B） or（C）
8、 but rather（D）but（A）Theoretically（B） Ironically（C） Probably（D）Actually（A）inclined（B） declared（C） implied（D）delivered（A）search（B） inquiry（C） worry（D）confusion（A）in terms of（B） in the light of（C） in line with（D）in the wake of（A）involved（B） included（C） related（D）concerned（A）uncover（B） expose（C） display
9、（D）reveal（A）marking（B） noting（C） labeling（D）spotting（A）complex（B） abnormal（C） moderate（D）ambiguous（A）offered（B） granted（C） presented（D）agreed（A）emphasis（B） hesitation（C） interest（D）pressure（A）renewed（B） recovered（C） repeated（D）restored（A）unexpectedly（B） occasionally（C） especially（D）accordingly（A）bet
10、ter（B） less（C） worse（D）moreGrammar21 We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _him.（A）would have telephoned（B） must have telephoned（C） would telephone（D）had telephoned22 By the first decade of the 21st century, international commercial air traffic is expected_ vastly beyond todays levels.（A）
11、to have extended（B） being extended（C） to be extending（D）having been extended23 The fire started on the first floor of the hospital_were elderly and weak.（A）many of its patients（B） many of whose patients（C） many patients of whom（D）many of which patients24 A series of lectures on radio engineering_sch
12、eduled.（A）have been（B） has been（C） are（D）had been25 _human problems that repeat themselves in_life repeat themselves in_ literature.（A）/, /, the（B） /, the, /（C） The, /, /（D）The, the, the26 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955 , the housing problems now in some parts of t
13、he country_so serious.（A）wouldnt be（B） wouldnt have been（C） will not be（D）would have not been27 Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper_it closely.（A）followed（B） following（C） to follow（D）being followed28 The policemen went into action_ they heard the alarm.（A）promptly（B） presently（C） qui
14、ckly（D）directly29 _ finish his homework, he would have come to class.（A）If Mike could（B） Were Mike able to（C） Would Mike be able to（D）If Mike had been able to30 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not_for her work.（A）enough good（B） good enough（C） as good enough（D）good as enoughPart ADirections
15、: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 For Tony Blair, home is a messy sort of place, where the prime ministers job is not to uphold eternal values but to force through some unpopular changes that may make the country work a bit
16、better. The area where this is most obvious, and where it matters most, is the public services. Mr. Blair faces a difficulty here which is partly of his own making. By focusing his last election campaign on the need to improve hospitals, schools, transport and policing, he built up expectations. Mr.
17、 Blair has said many times that reforms in the way the public services work need to go alongside increases in cash.Mr. Blair has made his task harder by committing a classic negotiating error. Instead of extracting concessions from the other side before promising his own, he has pledged himself to h
18、igher spending on public services without getting a commitment to change from the unions. Why, given that this pledge has been made, should the health unions give ground in return? In a speech on March 20th, Gordon Brown, the chancellor of the exchequer, said that “the something-for-nothing days are
19、 over in our public services and there can be no blank cheques“. But the government already seems to have given health workers a blank cheque.Nor are other ministries conveying quite the same message as the treasury. On March 19th, John Hutton, a health minister, announced that cleaners and catering
20、 staff in new privately-funded hospitals working for the National Health service will still be government employees, entitled to the same pay and conditions as other health-service workers. Since one of the main ways in which the government hopes to reform the public sector is by using private provi
21、ders, and since one of the main ways in which private providers are likely to be able to save money is by cutting labor costs, this move seems to undermine the governments strategy.Now the government faces its hardest fight. The police need reforming more than any other public service. Half of them,
22、 for instance, retire early, at a cost of 1 billion ($1.4% billion) a year to the taxpayer. The police have voted 10-1 against proposals from the home secretary, David Blunkett, to reform their working practices.This is a fight the government has to win. If the police get away with it, other public
23、service workers will reckon they can too. And, if they all get away it, Mr. Blairs domestic policywhich is what voters are most likely to judge him on a the next electionwill be a failure.31 In Britain, Tony Blairs chief task is to _.（A）deal with disorders.（B） see to public services.（C） attend to re
24、forms.（D）live up to expectations.32 What does the author mean by “a classic negotiating error“ (Paragraph 2)?（A）keeping to endless bargains.（B） avoiding financial challenges.（C） making solemn promises.（D）offering unnecessary pledges.33 The views of Gordon Brown and John Hutton on public services ref
25、orms are _.（A）similar.（B） dubious.（C） opposite.（D）identical.34 It can be inferred from that text that Tony Blair _.（A）might have been caught in his own trap.（B） is more likely to win the next election.（C） gets away with his negotiating strategies.（D）is bound to encounter financial troubles.35 The co
26、nclusion can be drawn from the text that Britains public services may be _.（A）on the verge of collapse.（B） at a crucial stage.（C） in pursuit of popularity.（D）beyond repairs.36 Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbias rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disaste
27、rs that befall them. This year is no different. The fisheries committee of Canadas House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just examined separately why 1.3 million sockeye salmon mysteriously “disappeared“ from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004. The
28、ir conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians.In 2004, only about 524,000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years ear
29、lier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the departments reform. In vain: its senior
30、officials are “in denial“ about its failings, said the committee.Mr. Williams report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is “rampant and out of control“, with “no go“ zones where fisheries officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of vi
31、olence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed.Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canadas constitution
32、 acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough.Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to i
33、mprove data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians.On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two previous reports from a year ago. One, from a First Nations group, suggested
34、giving natives a rising share of the catch. The other proposed a new quota system for fishing licences, and the conclusion of long-standing talks on treaties, including fishing rights, with First Nations. Mr. Regan said his department would spend this year consulting “stakeholders“ (natives, commerc
35、ial and sport fishermen). It will also launch pilot projects aimed at improving conservation, enforcement and First Nations access to fisheries.36 The “explosive conflict“ in the first paragraph refers to（A）salmons return to British Columbias rivers to spawn.（B） the fisheries committee of Canadas Ho
36、use of Commons and Bryan Williams.（C） the struggle between sockeye salmon and human beings.（D）the collision between salmons survival and human fishery.37 How many salmon were there every spring in British Columbias rivers four years earlier?（A）1.3 million.（B） About 524,000.（C） About 1,824,000.（D）Abo
37、ve 2,000,000.38 Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease of salmon according to Mr. Williams?（A）High water temperatures.（B） Shocking twist.（C） Illegal fishing.（D）Officials failings.39 What does “First Nations“ refer to?（A）Canadian Indians.（B） American Indians.（C） Natives of the Fras
38、er.（D）People who inhabiting the Fraser.40 What is Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, most probably going to do?（A）He is going to respond to two previous reports.（B） He is going to propose a new quota system for fishing licences.（C） He is going to consult natives, commercial and sport fishe
39、rmen.（D）He is going to keep a balance between conservation, enforcement and fisheries.41 Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. I
40、ts basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity(the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them
41、as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the Transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all
42、 knowledge begins with self-knowledge.This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the “American Sc
43、holar“ turns out to be simply “Man Thinking“; while, for Whitman, the “Song of Myself“ merges imperceptibly into a song of all the “children of Adam“, where “every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you“.Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend u
44、pon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies., first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcend
45、ing impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individuals freedom and self-expression
46、. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth tha
47、n does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspectiontheir belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychologyand by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an
48、 organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confiden
49、ce in their own moral and metaphysical insights.Notes: Transcendentalist 先验论的。self-transcending;超越自我的。ethic 伦理标准，道德规范。be torn between,在之间左右为难。fraternity 博爱。introspection 反省。seer 预言家,先知。metaphysical 形而上学的41 Which of the following best reflects the humanistic perspective of the five writers?（A）The spiritual and the material worlds are incompatible.（B） Humanity can scarcely account for humans an
