1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 112 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. (1)_ a long reading assignment is given, instru
2、ctors expect students to be familiar with the (2)_ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (3)_ student is considered to be (4)_ who is motivated to learn for the sake of (5)_, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is return
3、ed (6)_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (7)_ for learning the material assigned.When research is (8)_,the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (9)_ guidance. It is the (10)_ responsibility to find books, ma
4、gazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (11)_ a university library works; they expect students, (12)_ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference (13)_ in the library. Professor will help students who need it, but (14)_ that their students should n
5、ot be (15)_,dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties (16)_ teaching, such as administrative or research work. (17)_, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (18)_.If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either,
6、 (19)_ a professor during office hours (20)_ make an appointment.（A）If（B） Although（C） Because（D）Since（A）suggestion（B） context（C） abstract（D）information（A）poor（B） ideal（C） average（D）disappointed（A）such（B） one（C） any（D）some（A）fun（B） work（C） learning（D）prize（A）by（B） in（C） for（D）with（A）criticized（B） inn
7、ocent（C） responsible（D）dismissed（A）collected（B） distributed（C） assigned（D）finished（A）maximum（B） minimum（C） possible（D）practical（A）students（B） professors（C） assistants（D）librarians（A）when（B） what（C） why（D）how（A）particularly（B） essentially（C） obviously（D）rarely（A）selections（B） collections（C） sources（D
8、）origins（A）hate（B） dislike（C） like（D）prefer（A）too（B） such（C） much（D）more（A）but（B） except（C） with（D）besides（A）However（B） Therefore（C） Furthermore（D）Nevertheless（A）plentiful（B） limited（C） irregular（D）flexible（A）greet（B） annoy（C） approach（D）attach（A）or（B） and（C） to（D）butGrammar21 _ evidence that langua
9、ge-acquiring ability must be stimulated.（A）It being（B） It is（C） There is（D）There being22 There are few areas in the world _be grown successfully.（A）where can the plant（B） where the plant can（C） the plant that can（D）that the plant23 It was not until she had arrived home_she remembered her appointment
10、 with the doctor.（A）when（B） that（C） and（D）as24 Hes_as a “bellyacher“ hes always complaining about something.（A）who is known（B） whom is known（C） what is known（D）which is known25 There are signs_restaurants are becoming more popular with families.（A）that（B） which（C） in which（D）whose26 Im sorry I cant
11、see you immediately; but if youd like to take a seat, Ill be with you_.（A）for a moment（B） in a moment（C） for the moment（D）at the moment27 Of the two T-shirts, I chose_.（A）the less expensive,（B） the one least expensive（C） the least expensive（D）the least expensive of them28 Of the two new teachers, on
12、e is experienced and_.（A）another is inexperienced（B） the other is not（C） the other are not（D）other lacks experience29 She asked the worker how long_to build the house.（A）it had taken（B） had it taken（C） would it take（D）it was taken30 She_fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.（A）must be（B
13、） had been（C） could be（D）must have beenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The War on DrugsIn the late 1960s and early 1970s, New York legislators faced a drug problem they feared was growing out of control. Fe
14、deral statistics showed as many as 559,000 users nationwide and state police saw a 31 percent increase in drug arrests by 1972. In response Gov. Nelson Rockefeller created the Narcotic Addiction and Control Commission in 1967, aimed at helping addicts get clean. After the program proved too costly a
15、nd ineffective, New York launched the Methadone (美沙 酮) Maintenance Program, which similarly caused little reduction in drug use. But by 1973, calls for stricter penalties had grown too loud to ignore, prompting Albany to pass legislation that created required minimum sentences of 15 years to life fo
16、r possession of four ounces of narcoticsabout the same as a sentence for second-degree murder. The provisions became known as the Rockefeller Drug Lawsa milestone in Americas war on drugs and the subject of one of the most abrasive (粗鲁的) legal tug-of-wars in the nation. The laws almost immediately l
17、ed to an increase in drug convictions, but no measurable decrease in overall crime. Meanwhile, critics argued that they made what was primarily a public health problem criminal, threw nonviolent criminals into jail who were better off in treatment, caused a jump in recidivism (惯犯) rates, and prevent
18、ed judges from using discretion (酌情处理权)in sentencing. In January, during his State of the State address, New York Gov. David Pater-son told his audience: “ I cant think of a criminal justice strategy that has been more unsuccessful than the Rockefeller Drug Laws.“The effect of the new sentencing gui
19、delines has been dramatic. Drug offenders as a percentage of New Yorks prison population surged from 11% in 1973 to a peak of 35% in 1994, according to the states Corrections Deportment. The surge was mostly a result of convictions for “nonviolent, low-level drug possession and drug sales“, Paterson
20、 told Time, “ people who were addicted and were selling to try to maintain their habits.“ According to Paterson, just 16% had a history of violence. In 1979, the laws were amended, reducing penalties for marijuana (大麻) possession. But despite the ongoing criticism in New York, other states began to
21、pass laws to deal with their own drug problems.By the mid-1980s, the war on drugs was in full swing, as the epidemic threatened to overwhelm American cities criminal justice systems. Drug crimes had become increasingly violent, prompting calls for even stricter required minimum sentencing laws. In 1
22、986, the Reagan Administration passed a law requiring federal judges to give fixed sentences to drug offenders based on variables including the amount seized and the presence of firearms.31 What was troubling New York in late 1960s and early 1970s according to the passage?（A）There 559,000 in the dru
23、g users in the state.（B） There was a 31 % increase in drug use by 1972.（C） It was short of money solving drug problem.（D）The drug problem seemed going out of control.32 What was the outcome of the Rockefeller Drug Laws?（A）Many other states followed suit.（B） A big decrease in drug population.（C） An i
24、ncrease in drug sentencing.（D）Most drug users were put into prison.33 For what was the Rockefeller Drug Laws criticized?（A）They would be costly and ineffective according to past experience.（B） It was the first time that drug laws had been passed in the U.S.（C） They deprived the judges of their right
25、 to sentence with their own will.（D）It would be better to send drug users for treatment instead to jail. 34 What did Paterson think of drug criminals?（A）They were mostly low level drug possessors.（B） Many of them had a history of violence.（C） They were selling drug to maintain life.（D）They deserved
26、the penalties they had received.35 Under what condition did Reagan Administration passed the law against drug abuse in 1986?（A）The war on drugs was in full swing at the time.（B） Drug crimes had been increasingly violent.（C） Drug use had been a threat to public security.（D）Drug had reached every corn
27、er of the society.35 Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest FeverThe clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the solar-power business, venture capitalists were far too busy catering to captai
28、ns of the information-technology industry to waste time on “hippy-dippy tree-huggers“ like himself. But now the tree-buggers are in the ascendant and the IT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology.Investors are failing over themselves to finance start-ups in clean technology, especially
29、 in energy. Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $ 500m in 2004 to almost $ 2 billion so far this year. The share of venture capital going into clean energy is rising rapidly.Cle
30、an-energy fever is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of energy, the industrys cheerleaders say, will change radically over the coming decades. Polluting coal and gas-fired power stations will give way
31、to cleaner alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Eventually, it is hoped, fuel cells running on hydrogen will take the place of
32、 the internal combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, boosters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the business.Analysts confidently predict the clean-energy business will grow by 20%
33、 30% a year for a decade. Jefferies, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologies: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About three-quarters of those present, one visitor
34、 happily observed, were “cheque-writers“. This “ megatrend “, the keynote speaker advocated, “may be the biggest job and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century.“Such exaggeration might remind people of dotcom bubble. But clean-energy advocates insist growth is sustainable because of the lik
35、es of Mr. Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for environmental regulation. He easily won reelection partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into lawAmericas first wide-ranging scheme to cap greenhouse-gas emissions.36 Accordin
36、g to the first two paragraphs, we can learn that_.（A）clean energy business is booming while the risks are totally overlooked（B） venture capitalists have wasted much money on “hippy-dippy tree hungers“（C） clean energy business is surging and changes the venture capital market（D）the information-techno
37、logy industry is correspondingly shrinking fast37 Which of the following is true of Para. 3?（A）Clean energy fever is fuelled mainly by human psychological weakness.（B） The energy provision for the coming decades will undergo rapid changes.（C） Hydrogen as a new energy will replace traditional energy
38、forms like coal,and gas.（D）Supporters of clean energy business are pretty optimistic about its future.38 The word “cheque-writers“ (Line 10,Para.4) is closest in meaning to_.（A）tycoons（B） donators（C） investors（D）celebrities39 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）clean energy industry
39、and the dotcom industry have the same business model（B） the dotcom industry might have undergone a rapid but unsustainable development（C） Schwarzenegger has insisted that growth in clean energy business is sustainable（D）global warming has become a popular and decisive issue in political elections40
40、What is the authors attitude towards clean energy business?（A）Optimistic.（B） Enthusiastic.（C） Objective.（D）Subjective.41 A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as
41、 sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the c
42、hild by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not.Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the
43、whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seen is to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories.Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story onc
44、e. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of the fear faced and mastered. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and t
45、hat, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be ful
46、l of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever believed that it was.41 The author c
47、onsiders that a fairy story is more effective when it is _.（A）repeated without variation（B） treated with reverence（C） adapted by the parent（D）set in the present42 Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they _.（A）tempt people to be cruel to children（B） show the primitive cruelty in
48、children（C） lend themselves to undesirable experiments with children（D）increase a tendency to sadism in children43 Fairy stories are a means by which childrens impulses may be _.（A）beneficially channeled（B） given a destructive tendency（C） held back until maturity（D）effectively suppressed44 The advan
49、tage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _.（A）makes them come to term with their fears（B） develops their power of memory（C） convinces them there is nothing to be afraid of（D）encourages them not to have ridiculous beliefs45 The authors mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _.（A）fairy stories are still being made up（B） t
