1、考研英语模拟试卷 284 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had【1】the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge【2】from the
2、 dramatic growth of the economies of China and India to widespread【3】in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigerias delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have【4】the economic and political map of the world,【5】some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportuni
3、ties,【6】major importers including China and India, home to a third of the worlds population 【7】rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central【8】of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to【9】scarce supplies, and are willing to deal wit
4、h any government,【10】how unpleasant, to do it.In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being, lost to corruption,【11】these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments,【12】some in the west see as a new threat.Countries li
5、ke Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil【13】, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits,【14】costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.【15】it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade
6、 with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia【16】128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose【17】higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama【18】for a federal gas tax holi
7、day during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to【19】, as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems【20】the country reported a sharp increase in riders.（A）come（B） gone（C） crossed（D）arrived （A）covered（B） discovered（C） arranged（D）ranged （A）intensity（B） infinity（C） insec
8、urity（D）instability （A）drawn（B） redrawn（C） retained（D）reviewed （A）fighting（B） struggling（C） challenging（D）threatening （A）and（B） while（C） thus（D）though （A）confine（B） conflict（C） conform（D）confront （A）problem（B） question（C） matter（D）event （A）look for（B） lock up（C） send out（D）keep off （A）no matter（B） w
9、hat if（C） only if（D）in spite of （A）abolishing（B） depriving（C） destroying（D）eliminating （A）what（B） that（C） which（D）whom （A）interests（B） taxes（C） incomes（D）revenues （A）as many as（B） as good as（C） as far as（D）as well as （A）Although（B） Because（C） Since（D）As （A）advanced（B） grew（C） reduces（D）multiplied （A
10、）even（B） still（C） rather（D）fairly （A）asking（B） requesting（C） calling（D）demanding （A）change（B） turn（C） shift（D）transform （A）for（B） from（C） across（D）over Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the relationship of
11、 education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief t
12、hat some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in
13、the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a ill-mannered and simple-minded person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of m
14、otivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not mobile balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped toge
15、ther in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from
16、man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any group of people necessarily represents an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our or
17、iginal thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and r
18、equires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size the government, or the academic world, or certainly the military. 21 The paradox in the relationship of education to business is that（A）businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.（B） businessmen s
19、how both contempt and respect for noble activities.（C） there are both highly intellectual and uneducated businessmen.（D）there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals. 22 The word “Philistines“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means（A）intellectuals.（B） th
20、ose who are sophisticated.（C） those who are ungraceful.（D）those who are uneducated. 23 There isnt a stereotyped businessman because（A）businessmen represent a cross section of society.（B） businessmen are not ordinary people.（C） businessmen are people with strong personality.（D）there is considerable m
21、obility in the vocation. 24 According to the text, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of（A）prevalent egoism among businessmen.（B） sheer misunderstanding from others.（C） racial discrimination.（D）the fierce social competition. 25 According to the last paragraph, which of the
22、following is true?（A）People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.（B） Conformity is a special characteristic of business.（C） Businessmen are all original thinkers.（D）Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions. 25 Wherever people have
23、 been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of indust
24、rial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste
25、 alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5
26、 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Vis
27、ionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the re
28、cycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige peo
29、ple who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That m
30、ay sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also
31、prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.26 Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Waste is everywh
32、ere.（B） Waste is very harmful.（C） Waste should be treated universally.（D）Waste can be an opportunity. 27 Waste firms expect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（A）those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.（B） those economies develop fast but spend little on waste b
33、usiness.（C） those economies welcome waste firms to run business there.（D）those economies pay more attention to environmental protection. 28 Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（A）clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.（B） they will have no resou
34、rces to use in a world without waste in the future.（C） low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.（D）governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis. 29 According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（A）would be hard to be disposed of.（B） sho
35、uld be really valuable.（C） would create less waste.（D）should be in strict regulation. 30 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（A）Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.（B） Californias “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.（C） More taxes are
36、needed to collect and treat the waste efficiently.（D）Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent. 30 Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet
37、 is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, i
38、ncluding cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears
39、in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a s
40、hortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half o
41、f the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these anima
42、ls are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others
43、tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the wor
44、ld.31 Which of the following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（A）A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.（B） Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.（C） Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.（D）Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in mea
45、t. 32 In the third paragraph, the author implies that（A）food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.（B） lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.（C） a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.（D）animals are raised for human food. 33 Why do some people become vegetarians?（A）Because
46、 they want to develop a strong immune system.（B） Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.（C） Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.（D）Because they consider eating animals as unethical. 34 Chickens and pigs are cited as examples to show that（A）raising livestock is
47、 unethical.（B） eating animals is unethical.（C） livestock is confined to a very small space.（D）being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health. 35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）The Advantages of Eating Less Meat（B） Why People Become Vegetarian（C） Environment and Me
48、atless Diet（D）Saving Cattle and Chickens 35 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial effort
49、s, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers.Its not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they cant be forced, ” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study exam
