1、考研英语模拟试卷 283 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one cr
2、ossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the【1】of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel【2】to go to bed and pleased when the journey【3】On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed【4】earlier than usual. When I【5】 my ca
3、bin, I was surprised【6】that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected【7】but there was a suitcase【8】mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet【
4、9】，except that he was wearing【10】good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not【11】whoever he was and did not say【12】.As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.
5、I felt cold but covered【13】as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a【14】 was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten【15】the door, so I got up【16】the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opp
6、osite. I crossed the room and【17】the moon shone through it on to the other bed.【18】there. It took me a minute or two to【19】the door myself. I realized that my companion【20】through the window into the sea.（A）reason（B） motive（C） cause（D）sake （A）tired enough（B） enough tired（C） enough tiring（D）enough ti
7、ring （A）is achieved（B） finish（C） is over（D）is in the end （A）quite（B） rather（C） fairly（D）somehow （A）arrived in（B） reached to（C） arrived to（D）reached at （A）for seeing（B） that I saw（C） at seeing（D）to see （A）being lonely（B） to be lonely（C） being alone（D）to be alone （A）like（B） as（C） similar than（D）the sa
8、me that （A）in each place（B） for all parts（C） somewhere（D）anywhere （A）a so（B） so（C） such a（D）such （A）treat together well（B） pass together well（C） get on well together（D）go by well together （A）him a single word（B） him not one word（C） a single word to him（D）not one word to him （A）up me（B） up myself（C）
9、up to myself（D）myself up （A）draft（B） voice（C） air（D）sound （A）to close（B） closing（C） to have to close（D）for closing （A）to shut（B） for shutting（C） in shutting（D）but shut （A）while doing like that（B） as I did like that（C） as I did so（D）at doing so （A）It was no one（B） There was no one（C） It was anyone（D）
10、There was anyone （A）remind to lock（B） remember to lock（C） remind locking（D）remember locking （A）had to jump（B） was to have jumped（C） must have jumped（D）could be jumped Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the
11、last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can he like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches
12、is outdated or of questionable value. Some web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.This peoples encyclopedia of the Web a free s
13、ite called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, web sites that allow users to directly edit any web page with one click of the mouse.Wikipedia the largest exa
14、mple of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could he shared and copied freely while encouraging people to
15、change and improve the content. Each and every article has an “Edit this page” button, allowing anyone, even anonymous passersby, to add or delete any content on the page. It seems like a recipe for disaster and chaos, but it has produced surprisingly credible content that has been evaluated and rev
16、ised by the thousands of international visitors to the site. For many, it finally realizes the original concept of World Wide Web creator Tim Berners-Lee an online environment where people not only browse content, but freely and actively exchange information.The Wikipedia project was started by Jimm
17、y Wales, head of Internet startup B, after his original project for a volunteer, hut strictly controlled, free encyclopedia ran out of money and resources after two years. Editors with PhD degrees were at the helm of the project then, but it produced only a few hundred articles. Not wanting the cont
18、ent to languish, Wales placed the pages on a wiki website in January 2001 and invited any Internet visitors to edit or add to the collection.The site became a runaway success in the first year and gained a loyal following, generating over 20,000 articles and spawning over a dozen language translatio
19、ns. After two years, it had 100,000 articles, and in April 2004, it exceeded 250,000 articles in English and 600,000 articles in 50 other languages. Over 2,000 new articles are added each day across all the various languages. And according to website rankings at A, it has become more popular than tr
20、aditional online encyclopedias such as B and is one of the top 600 most heavily visited websites on the internet.21 The author called Wikipedia peoples encyclopedia because（A）it is accessible to all the passersby.（B） it can be edited by everyone.（C） it is run by ordinary people.（D）it is built to the
21、 taste of common citizens. 22 Whats the goal of Wikipedia according to the passage?（A）To create a peoples encyclopedia that is free to share and copy.（B） To produce a credible and authoritative reference tool.（C） To create an online environment where people freely exchange information.（D）To create a
22、 volunteer, but strictly controlled, free encyclopedia. 23 The word “languish” (Line 4, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to（A）wither.（B） abort.（C） lose vigor.（D）lose appeal. 24 According to the text, Jimmy Wales initiated Wikipedia project in order to（A）create a peoples encyclopedia,（B） produce huge a
23、mounts of articles.（C） make available resources useful again,（D）promote a wiki website. 25 Which of the following is true about Wikipedia?（A）It has once run into trouble.（B） There existed disaster and chaos in the beginning.（C） Many articles of it are outdated or of questionable value.（D）It has been
24、 a great success from the beginning. 25 With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the gov
25、ernment money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Congress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers
26、 who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do.Though it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having
27、with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or she “is
28、 suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.”Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional direc
29、tors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group.The t
30、axpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration dont seem to be taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and
31、 collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws.If taxpayers havent made legitimate cla
32、ims for credits, theres nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “Were r
33、eally there for .when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service office. 26 According to the text, the main task of tax advocates is（A）to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.（B） to cooperate with field workers and support staff.（C） to help t
34、axpayers and find problems in IRS work.（D）to negotiate with National Taxpayers Union. 27 The advocate service “may seem contrary to the IRS” (Line 1, Para. 2) because（A）it works for the National Taxpayers Union.（B） it often finds faults with their own work.（C） it speeds up a collection action.（D）it
35、always criticizes IRS on behalf of taxpayers. 28 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is correct?（A）Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around and given much power since 1979.（B） Taxpayers had to report to the regional directors before 1998.（C） Taxpayers have no worries since 1998.（D）More effor
36、ts are needed before an independent agency is established. 29 The phrase “gum up the works” (Line 3, Para. 4) probably mean（A）to impair the benefits.（B） to bring about solutions.（C） to lead to trouble.（D）to improve the relations. 30 When Olson say “Were really there for when the processes fall down”
37、 (Line 4, Para. 5), she means that（A）they will provide help whenever taxpayers make claims.（B） they will get involved in the normal appeals process.（C） they will offer counseling when citizen calls.（D）they will give help when procedural problems occur. 30 That Louise Nevelson is believed by many cri
38、tics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reason
39、s: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especiall
40、y since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States: while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940
41、s, it was only after 1945 when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original
42、 female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.”Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitte
43、rs. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sen
44、sibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind.”Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of w
45、hich she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environme
46、nts create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are cl
47、oser to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.31 The writer implies in the first paragraph that（A）Louise Nevelson was known before 1940s.（B） until the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no major sculpture made by women artist
48、s.（C） Ameirican sculpture developed with the appearance of women sculptors.（D）New York became the art capital because of the contributions made by women sculptors. 32 The author quotes Hilton Kramer in the second paragraph most probably to illustrate（A）realism in Nevelson work.（B） the unique qualiti
49、es of Nevelson work.（C） the extent of critical approval of Nevelson work.（D）a distinction between sculpture and painting. 33 The word “assemblages” (Line 4, Para, 4) is closest in meaning to（A）assignments.（B） assumptions.（C） connotations.（D）collections. 34 Which of the following is a major theme of Nevelson art?（A）Architectural construction.（B） Landscape.（C） Modern city.（D）Religion. 35 Which of the following statement about Nevelson sculpture can be inferred from the passage?（A）They are meant for display.（B） They are often
