1、2013 年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（A）Theoretically（B） Practically（C） Incredibly（D）Probably2 Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by su
2、nlight.（A）soft（B） sheer（C） fragile（D）refined3 It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（A）apparently（B） slightly（C） considerably（D）steadily4 Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（A）diligent（B） capab
3、le（C） clever（D）perfect5 What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（A）sublime（B） erroneous（C） plausible（D）impeccable6 What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（A）suspect（B） surmise（C） suspicion（D）surrender7 Her offi
4、ce in the First National Bank building is provisional.（A）permanent（B） temporary（C） corrupt（D）craven8 Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.（A）fearlessly（B） confidently（C） silently（D）prudently9 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism.（A）energy（B） enduran
5、ce（C） effort（D）endeavor10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（A）guidance（B） sovereignty（C） authority（D）suzerainty11 The general opinion is that he is_to complain.（A）so much a milquetoast（B） too a
6、milquetoast（C） too much of a milquetoast（D）so much of a milquetoast12 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as_the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（A）do（B） does（C） play（D）are13 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about
7、the new job even though I was _last week.（A）to be started（B） to have started（C） to have been starting（D）start14 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _its grammatical structure.（A）the same
8、are（B） and so are（C） as did（D）and so were15 Although money is always useful, it isnt all_.（A）what there is to life（B） to which there is in life（C） there is to life（D）that is in life16 _ever so humble, theres no place like home.（A）It be（B） Be it（C） It was（D）Was it17 Although women duster to him like
9、moths around a flame, he is none _ happier for it.（A）but（B） the（C） much（D）any18 Professor Jeffreys lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show _can still be improved.（A）that the municipal authorities have done（B） how those the municipal authorities have done（C） how what the m
10、unicipal authorities have done（D）that how the municipal authorities have done19 Most insulation devices of this kind,_manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（A）that are（B） which is（C） those are（D）as are20 The detective watched and saw the suspect_a hotel at the corner of
11、the street.（A）getting off the taxi and walking into（B） got off the taxi and walked into（C） get off the taxi and walk into（D）got off the taxi to walk into二、Reading Comprehension20 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The stud
12、y of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In parti
13、cular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon o
14、thersthe effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “ committed perjury“ , we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to ot
15、hers are mentionedin perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usu
16、ally punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. La
17、ws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn “rule“ behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large gr
18、oup requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain o
19、r “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The a
20、dvantages gained when the individual is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.21 In t
21、he development of a government agency, _.（A）the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment（B） the function of law is important（C） the study of ordinance is the most important（D）practice is more important than criterion22 One of the promi
22、nent characteristics of a law is_.（A）the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised（B） the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency（C） the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens（D）Both A and B23 What does the example “committed per
23、jury“ illustrate?（A）The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.（B） It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.（C） Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.（D）Both B and C24 The
24、 other distinguishing trait of the law is_.（A）punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels（B） rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control（C） a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natur
25、e（D）any governmental reinforcement25 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（A）The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.（B） Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.（C） Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or
26、 adapt a law for their benefit.（D）Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.25 “ Sloganeering“ did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a
27、 “ host-shout,“ “ war cry,“ or “ gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field. “ English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant “the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of person
28、s. “ Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as “passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. “ The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without “the Boston
29、 Massacre,“ “the Boston Tea Party,“ “the shot heard around the world,“ and shouts of “no taxation without representation“.Slogans operate in society as “ social symbols“ and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and
30、 among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as “ significant symbols“ or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of
31、 significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that “to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols
32、is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise. “ Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the groups norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in todays society that it
33、 is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and short
34、er. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of slog
35、aneering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an “ overcommunicated“ society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes
36、“homemade“ or is as good as “Mom used to make“ does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mothers baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the
37、consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. “Sloganeering“ has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising a-gency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan fo
38、r a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. “Gray Power,“ for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly
39、Americans, and “Huelga“(strike in Spanish)identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.26 “Sloganeering“ stems from a word that was used_.（A）in the United States（B） in the Ireland（C） on the European continent（D）frequently in revolutionary rhetoric27 What is
40、 the writers main purpose?（A）To explain the history of slogans.（B） To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.（C） To explain how slogans have changed.（D）To explain how slogans are used on television.28 Because slogans are “social symbols“ they_.（A）can have different meanings in different cultural and
41、economic settings（B） are widely used as status symbols（C） can be used to demonstrate high social standing（D）are perceived as difficult to grasp29 Lasswells and Edelmans studies are important in that they_.（A）believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction（B） demonstrate that patterning a
42、nd consistency is crucial to the use of symbols（C） organize collective attitudes around a symbol（D）demonstrate a cultures principles are indicated by the slogans which are used30 Television_.（A）has distorted the purpose of slogans（B） has kept consistent the nature of human interaction（C） has made po
43、litical images personal and shorter（D）utilizes slogans well30 Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet. THE
44、 WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind
45、 of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing
46、 of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me.(Interruptions.)Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserve
47、s to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle(in
48、terruptions)I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of
49、 my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was s
