1、2011 年北京外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、短文改错0 The science of architecture, followed out in its full【M1】_extent, is one of the noblest of that which have reference【M2 】_only to the creations of human mind. It is not merely a science of the rule and compass, it does not consist only in the observation of j
2、ust rule, or of fair proportion: it was, 【M3】_or ought to be, a science of feeling more than of rule, a ministry to the mind, than to the eye. If we consider how【M4 】_much less the beauty and majesty of a building depend【M5 】_its pleasing certain prejudices of the eye, than upon its rousing certain
3、trains of meditation in the mind, it will show in a moment how much intricate questions of feeling【M6】_are involved in the raising of an edifice; it will convince us of the truth of a proposition, which might at last have【M7】_appeared startling, that no man can be an architect, who is not a metaphys
4、ician. With the illustration of the department of this noble【M8 】_science which may be designated the Poetry of Architecture, this and some future articles will be dedicated. It is this peculiarity of the art which constitutes its nationality; and it will be found as interesting as it is useful, to
5、trace in the distinctive characters of the architecture of nations, not only its adaptation in the situation and climate in which【M9 】_it has arisen, but its strong similarity to, and connection to, the prevailing turn of mind by which the nation who【M10】_first employed it is distinguished.1 【M1】2 【
6、M2】3 【M3】4 【M4】5 【M5】6 【M6】7 【M7】8 【M8】9 【M9】10 【M10】二、阅读理解10 Reflections on GandhiSaints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent, but the tests that have to be applied to them are not, of course, the same in all cases. In Gandhis case the questions one feels inclined to ask ar
7、e; to what extent was Gandhi moved by vanityby the consciousness of himself as a humble, naked old man, sitting on a praying mat and shaking empires by sheer spiritual powerand to what extent did he compromise his own principles by entering politics, which of their nature are inseparable from coerci
8、on and fraud? To give a definite answer one would have to study Gandhis acts and writings in immense detail, for his whole life was a sort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant. But this partial autobiography, which ends in the nineteen-twenties, is strong evidence in his favor, all the m
9、ore because it covers what he would have called the unregenerate part of his life and reminds one that inside the saint, or near-saint, there was a very shrewd, able person who could, if he had chosen, have been a brilliant success as a lawyer, an administrator or perhaps even a businessman.At about
10、 the time when the autobiography first appeared I remember reading its opening chapters in the ill-printed pages of some Indian newspaper. They made a good impression on me, which Gandhi himself at that time did not. The things that one associated with himhome-spun cloth, “ soul forces“ and vegetari
11、anismwere unappealing, and his medievalist program was obviously not viable in a backward, starving, over-populated country. It was also apparent that the British were making use of him, or thought they were making use of him. Strictly speaking, as a Nationalist, he was an enemy, but since in every
12、crisis he would exert himself to prevent violencewhich, from the British point of view, meant preventing any effective action whateverhe could be regarded as “our man. “ In private this was sometimes cynically admitted. The attitude of the Indian millionaires was similar. Gandhi called upon them to
13、repent, and naturally they preferred him to the Socialists and Communists who, given the chance, would actually have taken their money away. How reliable such calculations are in the long run is doubtful; as Gandhi himself says, “ in the end deceivers deceive only themselves“ ; but at any rate the g
14、entleness with which he was nearly always handled was due partly to the feeling that he was useful. The British Conservatives only became really angry with him when, as in 1942, he was in effect turning his non-violence against a different conqueror.But I could see even then that the British officia
15、ls who spoke of him with a mixture of amusement and disapproval also genuinely liked and admired him, after a fashion. Nobody ever suggested that he was corrupt, or ambitious in any vulgar way, or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice. In judging a man like Gandhi one seems instinctive
16、ly to apply high standards, so that some of his virtues have passed almost unnoticed. For instance, it is clear even from the autobiography that his natural physical courage was quite outstanding: the manner of his death was a later illustration of this, for a public man who attached any value to hi
17、s own skin would have been more adequately guarded. Again, he seems to have been quite free from that maniacal suspiciousness which, as E. M. Forster rightly says in A Passage to India, is the besetting Indian vice, as hypocrisy is the British vice. Although no doubt he was shrewd enough in detectin
18、g dishonesty, he seems wherever possible to have believed that other people were acting in good faith and had a better nature through which they could be approached. And though he came of a poor middle-class family, started life rather unfavorably, and was probably of unimpressive physical appearanc
19、e, he was not afflicted by envy or by the feeling of inferiority. Color feeling when he first met it in its worst form in South Africa, seems rather to have astonished him. Even when he was fighting what was in effect a color war, he did not think of people in terms of race or status. The governor o
20、f a province, a cotton millionaire, a half-starved Dravidian coolie, a British private soldier were all equally human beings, to be approached in much the same way. It is noticeable that even in the worst possible circumstances, as in South Africa when he was making himself unpopular as the champion
21、 of the Indian community, he did not lack European friends.Written in short lengths for newspaper serialization, the autobiography is not a literary masterpiece, but it is the more impressive because of the commonplaceness of much of its material. It is well to be reminded that Gandhi started out wi
22、th the normal ambitions of a young Indian student and only adopted his extremist opinions by degrees and, in some cases, rather unwillingly. His first entry into anything describable as public life was made by way of vegetarianism. Underneath his less ordinary qualities one feels all the time the so
23、lid middle-class businessmen who were his ancestors. One feels that even after he had abandoned personal ambition he must have been a resourceful, energetic lawyer and a hard-headed political organizer, careful in keeping down expenses, an adroit handler of committees and an indefatigable chaser of
24、subscriptions. His character was an extraordinarily mixed one, but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your finger on and call bad, and I believe that even Gandhis worst enemies would admit that he was an interesting and unusual man who enriched the world simply by being alive. Whether h
25、e was also a lovable man, and whether his teachings can have much for those who do not accept the religious beliefs on which they are founded, I have never felt fully certain.11 A testing criterion for Gandhis sainthood, according to Paragraph 1 , is to see if_.（A）his major initiative for politics i
26、s monetary reward（B） his vanity is based on spiritual principles（C） coercion and fraud is related to his political compromise（D）his principles are overridden by his political needs12 The author obviously thinks that Gandhis autobiography_.（A）tells the truth about the British（B） excludes facts about
27、his early life（C） alters usual understanding of his personality（D）presents him as a complete saint13 The British liked Gandhi because_.（A）he prevented effective action in every crisis（B） he incited action against Indias rich middle-class（C） he cheated the British as well as his countrymen（D）he lent
28、himself for use by the British colonists14 What is E. M. Forsters view?（A）The Indians were defeated by British hypocrisy.（B） Gandhi generally believed peoples good faith.（C） Indias politics was affected by inferiority complex.（D）The Indians were extraordinarily suspicious.15 Which of the following d
29、oes NOT describe Gandhi?（A）Extraordinary physical courage.（B） Abundant good faith.（C） Little feeling of inferiority.（D）Strong senses of color feeling.15 The New GenerationSince his first appearance 13 years ago, Harry Potter Has loomed over a generation. In 1997, he was 11 years oldand so were legio
30、ns of his devotees. The boy wizard, whose final adventures hit the screen next week in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, is still a teenager, but is there a sense in which his fans, now 24, are also finding it hard to grow up? With many young adults still living at home or remaining in e
31、ducation, sociologists have argued that the age of maturity is changing fast; that the current crop of twentysomethings is stuck.Any attempt to define a generation will fail. But how much do we know about the people who made Harry Potter a superstar? Are they the iiber-confident, sex-savvy go-getter
32、s of advertising fantasy, or a cuckoo generation destined to remain in the family nest, devoid of career prospects or financial stability, sold out by the grownups who frittered away their future? We can surely take it for granted that this group of people are more technologically literate and enthu
33、siastic than any that has preceded them; recent data from the Office for National Statistics suggests that only 1 per cent of 16-to 24-year-olds has never accessed the Internet. But its also common sense to assume that, while young people might revel in how easy it is to communicate with one another
34、, they are likely to feel less confident in the current economic climate about their ability to access and afford education, to enter the job market, to get a foothold on the property ladder and to rely on the State to provide a safety net in times of trouble.In short, young people are both more con
35、nected and more alone than ever. On one side they are awash in a sea of celebrity culture, in which young people such as Wayne Rooney can be materially rewarded beyond anybodys wildest dreams for the possession of a single skill, and the less gifted are briefly lauded on a television talent show bef
36、ore a long descent into obscurity. On the other, economic, environmental and geopolitical convulsions creajte a sense of collective catastrophe that seems to deflate the very idea of individual aspiration.So how does that make them feel? Mel Smith, who works for the Youth Support Service as part of
37、the Transition to Adulthood(T2 A)Alliance, which was established to provide support for young adults in the criminal justice system, explains how some of the people she works with find that their age makes them even more vulnerable.“ Its a very difficult time, the very early twenties, because of the
38、 way that a lot of the support is set up, “ she says. “ As they reach age milestones, they move from youth to adult services; they may find themselves moved to a different service just because theyve had a birthday. “When Thomas Viney, a 27-year-old graduate living in London, read a lengthy article
39、in The New York Times arguing that the delayed adulthood experienced by many twentysomethings constituted a new developmental life stage, he felt the need to respond. He wrote that by the time his parents were his age, they had established a household, had children, got proper jobs, started savings
40、schemes and pension plans and, more generally, had learnt to look after themselves.By contrast, he had amassed little of any tangible value and his life, punctuated by amusing but random interactions with his mates, seemed more defined by aimlessness than purpose. When a girlfriend said she thought
41、she was pregnant(she wasnt), the cold wave of responsibility was enough to sweep him completely off his feet.Viney believes that his experience is not simply a typical twentysomething scenario but indicative of a far more damaging malaise. “A lot of people in my generation, “ he tells me, “were brou
42、ght up to think that they were very special and that they had something to contribute to the worldnot through hard work, but through the arts. I think were lost; that we no longer think its OK to knuckle down and apply ourselves, because that isnt the life that we were promised. “His upbringing was
43、middle class, rather than wealthy, but he feels that it took place against the backdrop of what he calls a time of “biblical“ plenty and abundance. He also says that his generation has been “encouraged to enjoy ourselves“ , that theres something wrong with you if you dont and that there will be few
44、consequences to a life of hedonism. As a result, he and his friends, with a couple of exceptions, have barely a serious job or stable domestic environment among them. Viney himself, though, is taking a few tentative steps towards serious adulthood, working in publishing and writing in his spare time
45、. What he has learnt, he says, is that for all that his parents had to sacrifice, they gained far more than they lost.Facebook, as everyone but a Martian knows, was founded by a bunch of precocious youths. Apart from all the online games, groups, jokes and pokes, probably the most recognisable featu
46、re of Facebook is the “status update“. But what might the status update of this disparate bunch be? How would they encapsulate all the exuberance, anxiety, yearning and joyfulness that being twentysomething brings? Perhaps something like: “Status pending. Update to follow. Dont wait up. “16 What is
47、true according to Paragraph 1?（A）Popular interest in Harry Porter has declined since 1997.（B） The first generation of Harry Porter fans is still immature.（C） The final adventure of Harry Porter is about a boy wizard.（D）Sociologists view of Harry Porter differs from young adults.17 The author finds i
48、t difficult to define the present generation because_.（A）they are quite able in the virtual world but not in the real one（B） they are uber-confident go-getters but sold out by grownups（C） they communicate easily with others but rely on State safety net（D）they have good career ability but will not en
49、ter job markets18 How does the present economic situation affect this generation?（A）Created a special culture of celebrity worship.（B） Destroyed opportunity of huge reward for mediocrity.（C） Damaged aspiration for social and personal advancement.（D）Boosted confidence to access and afford education.19 The phrase “knuckle down and apply ourselves“ probably means_.（A）establish a household（B） get a proper job（C） work hard for a purpose（D）succeed through the arts20 Whic
