1、2010 年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选择题1 As a_actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.（A）flexible（B） versatile（C） sophisticated（D）productive2 There are not many teachers who are strong_of traditional methods in English teaching.（A）sponsors（B） contributors（C）
2、advocates（D）performers3 We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to_.（A）ascend（B） descend（C） decline（D）plunge4 Competition, they believe, _the national character than corrupt it.（A）enforces（B） confirms（C） intensifies（D）strengthens5 The accident_him of his sight an
3、d the use of his legs.（A）excluded（B） disabled（C） deprived（D）gripped6 On weekends my grandma usually_a glass of wine.（A）subscribes to（B） engages in（C） hangs on（D）indulges in7 The people living in these apartments have free_to that swimming pool.（A）access（B） excess（C） excursion（D）recreation8 At the pa
4、rty we found that shy girl_her mother all the time.（A）depending on（B） coinciding with（C） adhering to（D）clinging to9 When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people_ and asks them questions.（A）at length（B） at random（C） in essence（D）in bulk10 I think she hurt my f
5、eelings_rather than by accident as she claimed.（A）virtually（B） deliberately（C） literally（D）appropriately11 Even though he was guilty, the_judge did not send him to prison.（A）merciful（B） impartial（C） conscientious（D）conspicuous12 They had fierce_as to whether their company should restore the trade re
6、lationship which was broken years ago.（A）debate（B） clash（C） disagreement（D）context13 The politician says he will_the welfare of the people.（A）prey on（B） take on（C） get at（D）see to14 He was_to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.（A）dragged（B） tempted（C） elicited（D）attracted15 Of the tho
7、usands of known volcanoes in the world, the_majority are inactive.（A）tremendous（B） demanding（C） intensive（D）overwhelming16 The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _references.（A）obscure（B） acute（C） notable（D）objective17 The morning news says a school
8、 bus _ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.（A）bumped（B） collided（C） crashed（D）struck18 We are writing to the manager_the repairs recently carried out at the above address.（A）with the exception of（B） with the purpose of（C） with reference to（D）with a view
9、to19 In the meantime, the question facing business is whether such research is_the costs.（A）worth（B） worth of（C） worthy（D）worthwhile20 Although most dreams apparently happen _, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.（A）spontaneously（B） simultaneously（C） homogeneously（D）instantaneously
10、二、选词填空20 Choose the correct headings.(15 points)The following passage has six paragraphs A -F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Note there are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. Write the correct number a h in blanks 1-5.List of
11、 Headingsa. Vanishing topsoil influences farm productivities.b. Water is being polluted by chemical fertilizers.c. Advantages and disadvantages of fuel produced from crop residues.d. Negative environmental effects were incurred by subsidies.e. Environmental damages were even worsened by government p
12、olicies.f. Fertilizer use is recommended in some countries.g. A modest cut in subsidies is adopted in some countries.h. Removal of certain subsidies achieves some positive results.Example Answer Paragraph A dA All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing f
13、or agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops hav
14、e been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future.B Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been don
15、e, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 percent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than
16、in America. C Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense:about $250 billion, or more t
17、han all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmers easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs; fertilizers and pesticides. Fertilizer use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960 - 1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 percent. Th
18、e quantity of pesticides applied has risen too; by 69 percent in 1975 - 1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 percent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981. D In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic exampl
19、e was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertilizer subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertilizer use(a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes).
20、The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion.E In less enlightene
21、d countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the ex
22、isting incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol(as ethanol)or as fuel for power stations(as biomass).
23、 Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow.F They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidizedand growing them does no less environmental harm than other
24、 crops.21 Paragraph B _22 Paragraph C _23 Paragraph D _24 Paragraph E _25 Paragraph F _三、阅读理解25 Every man is a philosopher. Every man has his own philosophy of life and his special view of the universe. Moreover, his philosophy is important, more important perhaps than he himself knows. It determine
25、s his treatment of friends and enemies, his conduct when alone and in society, his attitude towards his home, his work, and his country, his religious beliefs, his ethical standards, his social adjustment and his personal happiness.Nations, too, through the political or military party in power, have
26、 their philosophers of thought and action. Wars are waged and revolutions incited because of the clash of ideologies, the conflict of philippics. It has always been so. World War II is but the latest and most dramatic illustration of the combustible nature of differences in social and political phil
27、osophy.Philosophy, says Plato, begins with wonder. We wonder about the destructive fury of earthquakes , floods, storms, drought, pestilence, famine, and fire, the mysteries of birth and death , pleasure and pain, change and permanence, cruelly and kindness, instincts and ideals, mind and body, the
28、size of the universe and mans place in it. Our questions are endless. What is man? What is Nature? What is justice? What is duty? Alone among the animals man is concerned about his origin and end, about his purposes and goals, about the meaning of life and the nature of reality. He alone distinguish
29、es between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, the better and the worse. He may be a member of the animal kingdom, but he is also a citizen of the world of ideas and values.Some of mans questions have had answers. Where the answer is clear, we call it science or art and move on to higher ground and
30、a new vista of the world. Many of our questions, however, will never have final answers. Men will always discuss the nature of justice and right, the significance of evil, the art of government, the relation of mind and matter, the search for truth, the quest for happiness, the idea of God, and the
31、meaning of reality.The human race has reflected so long and so often on these problems that the same patterns of thought recur in almost every age. We should know what these thoughts are. We should know what answers have been suggested by those who have most influenced ancient and modern thought. We
32、 shall want to do our own thinking and find our own answers. It is, however, neither necessary nor advisable to travel alone. Others have helped dispel the darkness, and the light they have kindled may also illuminate our way.26 In the passage, the author says that every man is a philosopher. This i
33、s because_ .（A）every man lives like a philosopher（B） every man is aware of the importance of philosophy（C） every man lives in accordance with his world outlook（D）every man lives consciously27 According to Plato, philosophy originated from_.（A）what we dont know（B） some miracles（C） the question on wha
34、t man is（D）moral values28 According to the author, we can trace the root of war in_.（A）the power struggle（B） the military competition（C） the conflict of ideas（D）the racial contradiction29 In the passage, the author implies that_.（A）it is not good for people to travel alone（B） one should explore phil
35、osophical problems under the guidance of other philosophers（C） one should follow the path of other philosophers（D）one would study philosophy with others30 What is called science or art, according to the author?（A）The deficit answers of some of mans questions.（B） Mans thoughts.（C） All of mans questio
36、ns.（D）The meaning of reality.30 1 Debt Settlement USA, Inc. , a leading debt settlement company, today announced that the number of consumers who are choosing debt settlement as an alternative to personal bankruptcy is significantly increasing. Debt Settlement USA expects to see a 40 percent increas
37、e in the number of consumers in 2008 who see debt settlement as the best solution to help them deal with financial hardships and a weakening economy versus last year.2 “ We are in the most difficult credit environment in recent history, “ Jack Craven, President of Debt Settlement USA, said, “ so its
38、 no surprise that, taken as a whole, the debt settlement industry has shifted into overdrive. Todays economic environment is driving an unprecedented number of consumers into additional financial hardships, increasing the number of consumers seeking relief assistance from legitimate debt settlement
39、companies. “3 Currently, charge-off and delinquency rates are rising and bankruptcy filings increased by 38 percent from 2006 to 2007, according to Standard Decide whether the following statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN, and write your choice in the blanks.36 As the vehicles are getting more a
40、nd more, the demand for gas has increased.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE（C） NOT GIVEN37 With the development of technology, the production can be maximized.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE（C） NOT GIVEN38 The real investment is increasing with the sufficiency of labor services.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE（C） NOT GIVEN39 Most probably the pri
41、ces will get lower in the foreseeable future.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE（C） NOT GIVEN40 The improved efficiency can be offset by the rising demand for transport.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE（C） NOT GIVEN四、短文改错40 ANXIETY of college students has reached record levels. 【M1】_Many colleges class schedules make them hard for stu
42、dents to 【M2 】_get enough sleep. College-aged individuals are naturally night owls. 【M3 】_Students rarely are awake enough to learn in classes that begin at 8 or 8 : 30 amsay nothing of those beginning even earlier. 【M4】_Some schools have altered the schedules of high schools to reflecting the natur
43、al circadian rhythms of teenage students. 【M5】_The systems have reported decreases to students tardiness and illness, and increases in their class performance. Colleges should consider of making similar changes. That need 【M6】_not lead to scheduling conflicts. Replacing early-morning classes for lat
44、e-high expectations about careers, relationships, 【M7】_and appearance may help explain the rise in students anxiety can be difficult to build meaningful relationships in large, 【M8 】_impersonal campuses, where most of the social life consists of large parties where people dance and drink. In contras
45、t, 【M9 】_organizing students living quarter into “houses“ of about 【M10】_30 people helps students feel that they are part of a cohesive and supportive group.41 【M1】42 【M2】43 【M3】44 【M4】45 【M5】46 【M6】47 【M7】48 【M8】49 【M9】50 【M10】五、英译汉51 Translate the following English passage into Chinese.The economi
46、st Alan Krueger, author of a new book called “What Makes a Terrorist?“ explores this phenomenon with a systematic study of the evidence. He concludes that terrorists, political extremists and those who commit hate crimes are often relatively well-to-do.This is a difficult thing to prove, not least b
47、ecause each of those categories is controversial and there is a world of difference between, say, Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka. Krueger dips into different sources of data, each one imperfect, trying to build up a compelling picture from opinion polls, biographies of terrorists and broader studies
48、.Opinion polls from Gaza and the West Bank, conducted last week show that students and professionals are more likely than the unemployed or laborers to say that terrorism can be justified, and more likely to deny that a suicide bombing in a Tel Aviv night club should be described as “a terrorist act
49、“.When a graduate student at Princeton, the young economist Claude Berrebi gathered data on more than 40 Palestinian suicide bombers; he concluded that they were far better educated than the typical Palestinian, and also richer. Krueger offers a complementary picture using biographies of 129 fighters killed in action, although not necessarily while attempting a terrorist attack
