1、2010 年南开大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Many Americans think a national committee should be formed to discuss _ to existing mass transit system.（A）alterations（B） alternations（C） attendants（D）alternatives2 Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time,
2、but we shall keep your application on _ for two months.（A）pile（B） segment（C） sequence（D）file3 The oxygen equipment made it possible for the climbers to rest and sleep at very high _.（A）latitude（B） altitude（C） level（D）hemisphere4 Now the _ port city near the mouth of the mighty Yangtze River is hopin
3、g to leave its record of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization.（A）flapped（B） congested（C） dined（D）dictated5 _, he would not have recovered so soon.（A）Hadnt he been taken good care of（B） Had he not been taken good care of（C） Had not he been taken good care of（D
4、）Had he been not taken good care of6 More than one third of the Chinese immigrants in the United States live in California, _, in San Francisco.（A）previously（B） predominantly（C） practically（D）permanently7 The very essence of civil liberty consists in the right of every individual to claim the protec
5、tion of laws, _ he receives an injury.（A）whenever（B） wherever（C） whereas（D）whichever8 The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspects in the life style of the people.（A）implementation（B） manifestation（C） demonstration（D）expedition9 The _ tourist industry has
6、been unprepared for the very large number of visitors who are now coming to Britain.（A）recent-developing（B） recently-developed（C） recent-developing（D）recently-developing10 The twin brothers slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without their parents _.（A）command（B） conviction（C） c
7、onsent（D）compromise11 _ about the food in the restaurant, but he also refused to pay for his meal.（A）He did not only complain（B） Not only he did complain（C） Not only did he complain（D）He not only did complain12 The process of fermentation is _ by adding sugar.（A）furthered（B） precipitated（C） hurried（
8、D）accelerated13 _, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.（A）Although much he likes her（B） Much although he likes her（C） As he likes her much（D）Much as he likes her14 When decimal currency was introduced, one old man in the village said, “I dont think it will _ round here. “（A）catch up（B） catch out（
9、C） catch on（D）catch in15 The scientist could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.（A）to be based on（B） to base on（C） which to base on（D）on which to base16 The English language contains a (an) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation
10、.（A）altitude（B） latitude（C） multitude（D）attitude17 The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining scheme, _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.（A）have allowed（B） allow（C） allowing（D）allows18 Although he has had no formal education, he is o
11、ne of the _ businessmen in his company.（A）shrewdest（B） sternest（C） nastiest（D）alertest19 The heart is _ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.（A）not so（B） much more（C） not more（D）no more20 Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly
12、from _ on earth than bacteria on Mars.（A）configuration（B） constitution（C） condemnation（D）contamination21 Several decades ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun _ sightseeing.（A）rather than to go（B） more than going（C） other than going（D）than to go22 Tens of thousands of diplomats, sci
13、entists, ecologists and _ hangers-on are expected to gather in dozens of auditoriums for nearly 400 official and unofficial events.（A）assorted（B） obedient（C） inaccessible（D）coarse23 As my father is not _ with the language, he has asked me to assume the role of private secretary and meet you on his b
14、ehalf.（A）lounged（B） logged（C） acquainted（D）omitted24 “May I speak to your manager Mr. Cooper at three oclock this Friday afternoon?“ “Im sorry. Mr. Cooper _ to a conference long before then.“（A）will have gone（B） had have gone（C） would have gone（D）has gone25 Confucianism has evolved into a culture of
15、 rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional _ and group virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment.（A）helm（B） assault（C） filial（D）derivation26 One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.（A）is heated（B）
16、 will be heated（C） be heated（D）would be heated27 After years of negotiation, an international agreement to conserve _ species and ecosystems has finally been changed.（A）ventilated（B） imperiled（C） utilized（D）modified28 Nobody saw the CEO at the seminar; he _ at it（A）couldnt have spoken（B） couldnt spe
17、ak（C） mustnt have spoken（D）shouldnt have spoken29 These pictures will show you _.（A）what does our high-tech incubator look like（B） what our high-tech incubator looks like（C） how does our high-tech incubator look like（D）how our high-tech incubator looks like30 With Schindlers List, the true story of
18、a German businessman who saved more than 1000 Jews during the Holocaust, Steven Allan Spielberg appears determined to prove that he can make a movie that will _ all expectations.（A）fall short of（B） live up to（C） run contrary to（D）get out of二、Reading Comprehension30 In terms of pure quantity of resea
19、rch and debate, business schools have performed amazingly in promoting management as a distinctive activity. No other discipline has produced as much in such a short period. It is unclear yet how much of it will stand the test of time, but for sheer industry, the business school deserve credit. Not
20、a day goes by without another wave of research papers, books, articles, and journals.In these terms, schools have produced a generally accepted theoretical basis for management. When it comes to knowledge creation, however, they find themselves in difficulties. They are caught between the need for a
21、cademic rigour and for real-world business relevance, which tend to pull in opposite directions. The desire to establish management as a credible discipline leads to research that panders to traditional academic criteria. The problem for business school researchers is that they seek the approval of
22、their academic peers rather than the business community. In the United States this has led to the sort of grand paper clip counting exercises that meet demands for academic rigour but fail to add one iota to the real sum of human knowledge.Business schools have too often allowed the constraints of t
23、he academic world to cloud their view of the real world. Business school researchers seek provable theories rather than helpful theories. They have championed a prescriptive approach to management based on analysis and, more recently, on fashionable ideas that soon disappear into the ether. The one
24、best way approach encourages researchers to mould the idiosyncrasies of managerial reality into their tightly defined models of behaviour. Figures and statistics are fitted into linear equations and tidy models. Economists and other social scientists label this cure smoothing. Meanwhile, reality con
25、tinually refuses to cooperate.Central to this is the tension between relevance and rigour. In a perfect world, there would be no need to choose between the two. But in the business school world, the need to satisfy academic criteria and be published in journals often tilts the balance away from rele
26、vance. In other words, it is often easier to pursue quantifiable objectives than it is to add anything useful to the debate about management. To a large extent, the entire business school system works against useful, knowledge-creating research. Academics have five years in which to prove themselves
27、 if they are to make the academic grade. It seems long enough. But it can take two or even three years to get into a suitable journal. They therefore have around three years, probably less, to come up with an area of interest and carry out meaningful and original research. This is a demanding timesc
28、ale. The temptation must be to slice up old data in new ways rather than pursue genuinely groundbreaking, innovative research.It is a criticism also made by some business school insiders. “Academic journals tend to find more and more techniques for testing more and more obscure theories. They are as
29、king trivial questions and answering them exactly. There has to be a backlash,“ says Julian Birkinshaw of London Business School. In large part, the problem goes back to a time when business schools were trying to establish themselves. Up until the 1960s, American business schools were dismissed as
30、pseudo-academic institutions, including the universities of which they often formed a part, regarded them as a little more than vocational colleges. Since then, most of the leading schools have undergone major reassessments and introduced sweeping changes. However, it is questionable whether those c
31、hanges have gone far enough.31 What does the first paragraph suggest about the research generated by business schools?（A）Its quality is variable.（B） Its lasting value is uncertain.（C） It has always been produced too quickly.（D）It has had no influence on management.32 In paragraph two, the writer arg
32、ues that business school research _.（A）takes a negative view of the business community（B） has failed to give credibility to management as a discipline（C） is directed at the wrong audience（D）does not stand up to academic scrutiny33 In the second paragraph, the writer criticizes the theories of manage
33、ment produced by business schools for being _.（A）incomprehensible（B） contradictory（C） vague（D）inflexible34 In the third paragraph, the writer says that the business school system causes academics to _.（A）be satisfied with reinterpreting previous research（B） avoid complicated business issues（C） conce
34、ntrate on very narrow fields of study（D）focus on topics no longer relevant to business needs35 What do we learn about business schools in the last paragraph?（A）They are reluctant to admit to failings.（B） They resent criticism of their academic journal.（C） They used to be looked down on by other inst
35、itutions.（D）They are comfortable with the current situation.35 Global warming was once an uncommon term used by a few scientists who were growing concerned over the effects of decades of pollution on long-term weather patterns. Today, the idea of global warming is well known, if not well understood.
36、 It is not unusual to hear someone complaining about a hot day or a freak storm and remark, “Its global warming. “Global warming is a significant increase in the Earths climatic temperature over a relatively short period of time as a result of the activities of humans.In specific terms, an increase
37、of l or more degrees Celsius in a period of one hundred to two hundred years would be considered global warming. Over the course of a single century, an increase of even 0.4 degrees Celsius would be significant.Most scientists recognize that global warming does seem to be happening, but a few dont b
38、elieve that it is anything to be worried about. These scientists say that the Earth is more resistant to climate changes on this scale than we think. Plants and animals will adapt to subtle shifts in weather patterns, and it is unlikely anything catastrophic will happen as a result of global warming
39、. Slightly longer growing seasons, changes in precipitation levels and stronger weather, in their opinion, are not generally disastrous. They also argue that the economic damage caused by cutting down on the emission of greenhouse gases will be far more damaging to humans than any of the effects of
40、global warming.In a way, the scientific consensus may be a moot point. The real power to enact significant change rests in the hands of those who make national and global policy. Some policymakers in the United States are reluctant to propose and enact changes because they feel the costs may outweig
41、h any risks global warming poses. Some common concerns, claims and complaints include: A change in the United States policies in emissions and carbon production could result in a loss of jobs; India and China, both of which continue to rely heavily on coal for their main source of energy, will conti
42、nue to cause environmental problems even if the United States changes its energy policies (critics of these policymakers point out that this approach employs the tu quoque logical fallacy); Since scientific evidence is about probabilities rather than certainties, we cant be certain that human behavi
43、or is contributing to global warming, that our contribution is significant, or that we can do anything to fix it; Technology will find a way to get us out of the global warming mess, so any change in our policies will ultimately be unnecessary and cause more harm than good.Whats the correct answer?
44、It can be hard to figure out. Most scientists will tell you that global warming is real and that it is likely to do sonic kind of harm, hut the extent of the problem and the danger posed by its effects are wide open for debate.Though scientists warn that global warming will likely continue for centu
45、ries because of the long natural processes involved, there are a few things we can do to decrease the effects. Basically, they all boil down to this: Dont use as much of the stuff that creates greenhouse gases. On a local level, you can help by using less energy. The electricity that operates many o
46、f the devices in our homes comes from a power plant, and most power plants burn fossil fuels to generate that power. Turn off lights when theyre not in use. Take shorter showers to use less hot water. Use a fan instead of an air conditioner on a warm day.Here are some other specific ways you can hel
47、p decrease greenhouse-gas emissions: Make sure your car is properly tuned up. This allows it to run more efficiently and generate fewer harmful gases; Walk or ride your bike if possible, or carpool on your way to work. Cars burn fossil fuel, so smaller, more fuel-efficient cars emit less CO2, partic
48、ularly hybrid cars; Turn lights and other appliances off when youre not using them. Even though a light bulb doesnt generate greenhouse gas, the power plant that generates the electricity used by the light bulb probably does. Switch from incandescent light bulbs to fluorescent bulbs, which use less
49、energy and last longer; Recycle. Garbage that doesnt get recycled ends up in a landfill, generating methane. Recycled goods also require less energy to produce than products made from scratch; Plant trees and other plants where you can. Plants take carbon dioxide out of the air and release oxygen. Dont burn garbage. This releases carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.To really stem the emis
