1、$Z ,.-wNATIONALADVISORYCOMMIITEEFOR AERONAUTICSTECHNICAL NOTE 4042THE SUBSONIC STATIC AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OFAN AIRPLANE MODEL HAVING A TRJANGUIXR WINGOF ASPECT RATIO 3. II - LATERAL ANDDIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTICSBy Howard F. Savage and Bruce E. TinlingAmes Aeronautical LaboratoryMoffett Fiel
2、d, Calif.WashingtonAugust 1957Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM.NATIONAL ADVISORY 03MMITWEE FOR AERONAUTI! I!lllllllll!llllllllllllullilt-13UL7CIU0TECIIKtCALNOTE4042.- .TEE SUBSONIC STATIC!AERODYNAMIC!CWMWWUSTICS O
3、FAN AIRPIANX MXIEL HAVING A TKM?GULAR WINGOF ASPECl?RATIO 3. II - ANDDIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTICSBy Howard F. Savage and Bruce”E. TinlingSUMMARYAn investigationhas been conducted to determine the effects ofvertical-tail location and size on the subsonic aerodynamic characteris-tics of a model having
4、a triangular wing. The wing had an aspect ratioof 3, an NACA 0003.5-63 section in the streamwise direction, and plain,trailing-edge ailerons. The wing was attached to the fuselage in either-%a mid or high position and sn unswept horizontal tail was 10cated on thefuselage center line. Two verticsL ta
5、ils were tested which had sreas of. 26.7 or 20.3 percent of the wing area. Each vertical tail was equippedwith a rudder smd hsd a geometric aspect ratio of 1.5, a taper ratio of0.16, and 54 of sweepback of the leading edge. Each vertical.tail wastested at two different tail lengths. The wind-tunnel
6、tests were con-ducted at a Reynolds number of 2.5 milMon at Mach numbers from 0.25 to0.95.The directional stability diminished uked3y at high angles ofattack. The directional stabiMty for a given tail volume was greaterfor the mid-wing thsn for the high-wing configuration because of morefavorable wi
7、ug-tail interference. It was found that the contribution ofthe vertical tail to the directional stability-of the fuselage-tail com-bination at zero angle of attack could be est-ted from existing methods.The variation of rudder effectiveness with either angle of attack orsideslip was small. The ailer
8、ons were found to provide adequate lateralcontrol. Differential deflection of the two halves of the horizontaltail to provide lateral control was found to be relatively ineffective.Research has beenINTRODUCTIONundertaken in the Ames U-foot pressure windtunnel to investigate the aerodynamic character
9、istics of sn aizmlanemodel having a triangular wing with sn aspect ratio of 3. Res based on vertical-angle of attack corrected for tunnel-wall interference, deggeometric angle of attack, degangle of sideslip, degProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
10、m IHS-,-,-4 NACA TN 4Q42lIz factors US fi wuatio (5), (6), d (7) to agcount for theeffects of angle of attack on the tafl contribution to thestability derivatives of the fus.+ge-tail combination,AyPAnPAICZP Iwfvherudder deflection, degdifference between theaileron, positive towhen a = 0deflections o
11、f the right and leftinduce positive rolling moment, degwing-fuselage interference factors; that is,1%(%A-(%)W - (%)fincrements in stability derivatives caused by wing interferenceon the tail effectiveness;that4B = (%)fih -(oYP)til-Subscriptsfuselagevertical tailhorizontal.taileffectiveMODEL?%)fti:(i
12、fThe geometry of the model is shown in figure 2. The wing had anaspect ratio of 3 and an lWCA 0003.5-63 section in the stresmwisedirec-tion. Two vertical tails were tested which had mwas equal to 20.3 and26.7 percent of the wing area. Each vertical tail had a geometric aspectratio of 1.5, a taper ra
13、tio of 0.16, a thickness-chordratio of 0.035 inthe streamwise direction, and 54of sweepback of the leading edge. Eachvertical tail had a rudder with an area equal to about 10 percent of thevertical-tail area. An unswept horizontal tail with an area equal to21.$Jpercent of the wing area end an aspect
14、 ratio of 4 was located on thefuselage center line. The fuselage was designed to permit the tail to beplaced about 0.45 or 0.60 wing semispaas behind the moment center and topermit the wing to be placed either in a mid or high position. Furtherpertinent geometric details are given in table I, end ta
15、il lengths,volumes, heights, md sizes are given in table II.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NACA TN 4042 5.During the tests to evaluate the static directional and latersl sta-bility, the wing was not eqyipped with ailerons. (See fig.
16、3.) At theconclusion of these tests, plain trailing-edge ailerons were installedwhich had a totsl area equal to 6.7 percent of the wing area. The aileronswere supported by external brackets and were not sealed.The components of the model were machined from solid steel and weredesigned to permit test
17、s of the fuselage alone or in combination with anyof the other model components. Forces and momts were measurd with afour-component strati-gage balance enclosed within the model body. When-ever six componentswere desired, it was necessary to rotate the balance90 about the longitudinal axis of thermd
18、el and make a second test. Themodel was mounted on a bent sting which permitted the model.to be testedthrough a range of angles of attack at either 0 or - of sideslip.(See fig. 3.) By rolling the model 90 with respect to the sting, testscould be made through a range of angles of sideslip at either 0
19、 or :-0.00170-000189-o.oozsa-o.ooa7a-0.00197-o.ooa31-o Doa43-o.ooaoa-o D0161-o.ooiao-o DO07S-0s0040-000640.0010.oo1,oDoao.ooaoooaonoa0.0010.0010.0010.001Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NACATN 4042,.TABLE III.- IATERAL AND DIRECTIONAL
20、STABILITY DATA - Continued(a) Complete mcdel - Continued.-1Mid-wins=0.599 =0.203, CyB c%-0.0097 0.00414-0.0087 0.00433-0.0104 000444-0.0099 0.00462-0.0079 0.00479-0.0096 0.00492-0.0093 0.00477-0.0096 0.00483-0.0090 0.00480-O D09a 0B0477-00087 oDo45e-04)090 0.00426-0.0085 0Q0378-0.0078 0.00301./p#=06
21、20M %025 - 4.0- 2.0 -0.0105-0.0101-0.0104-0.0111-0.0102-00114-033109-0.0117-0.0112-0.0110-0.oluo-0.00910.005840.006000.006150.006300.006530.006620.006700D06650006510.006230.005790.005.86-0.00137-U.0U141-fJ.ou153-(IJ30170-U.OU 174-U.00171-lJav140.-u.oo13a-OJ3U1O4-UDU 08?-U.OU 074-vDu069L:7.0M1on12n14
22、.016111750.60 - 4.D- 2.0 -0.0123-0.0117-0.0127-0.0127-O L)3.28-OD1320.006310.006450.006500006660B06750.0069u-0.0088-0.0093-0.0101-0.0105-0.0108-0.0107-0.0106-0.0106-O J31O50.00455OD04660.004690.004810.004880.0050400050a0.005090.00504ono 497-0.00077-000091-oaolla-OLIO132-0.00143-000135-0.00119-0.0010
23、3-0.00103-0.00110-0.00095-0.00070-0.00074-ol)oo6a-0.0134-0.0135-0.0134-0.0131-0.0184-0.01130.007020.006960.006890.006480.005890D0496-oDu14a-U.00145-unu 130-UJ)U 092-u.ol)085-U.0L)068-oalui-0.0100-0.0096-0.0083-OD079.o.oo4e!d0.004390.00372oDoa7514.016.017.5-uDo 163-u Kl(rli5-Uno lee-uao2r19-u.ou2f)5-
24、uDU177-oolla-IJ.OU141-Uf)ulol-1).ot)099-uD(J 0720DOO050s o - 4.0- a.o -OB135-0.0130-O J3131-0.0132-O J3131-tlJ)ls9-o.o14a 0.00687o.oo70a0.007040.007140.00728oao 7510.00760-0.0098-0.0101-0.0100-0.0096-O D099-O QIO.9-0.olua-O D1O9-O D115-O D118-O J3127-allo-oao89-ono530.005070.005150Q0517o.oo5a40.0053
25、80.005510.005650.005640.00560OD05590.005380D04760.003930LI01950.005540.005660.00574-O DO 086-0.00101-o.oola2-o.oolsa-0.00154-oao133-0.00107-0.00074-0.00128-0.oollu-0.00083L4n%n10J312.014a16.017.5-n.o14a-0.0143-0.0136-On12?6-onou70.007710Q07570.007050JJ06270.0041Ucl;:;:04)0776OD0774OLI07730.00807-O J
26、)OOS9-o DO07tl0.00062-0.0146-0.0144-0.0143-0.0144OD143-0.0148-0.0156 -0.0155-0.0156-0s152-0.0143-0.0148-OJ3144-O JY143-0.0139OD139-0.01450900.930s5- 4.0- 2.0 -u.Ou 172-unol .93-onoao2-O D0226-uaoa2a-OOU186-U.OU 122-0.0109O.O1O8-0.0108-0.0110-oolza-OD114-o Lll18-oal15-00115-0.0115-0.0114-onlu9-00105-
27、0.0110-0.0111-0.0109-oalu7-0.0105-0.0114-0.0119-0.0122-0.0123-o.ola3-0.0122-0.00081-onoo99-naola3-Oaolsn-0.001600.00136-0.00 IC)LI-0.00087-o.oo 14a-0.00115-OJ30096-onol17-000141L4s%?!8.09.0Ion12noao 57ao.no5830.00605OD06230D06210.006170.006130D05780.005410.00499:ono 5770.005660.00568oao 59a0.006220.
28、00636006340.006L130.005870.008520.003540.008320.007810D07110.007960908010.007870.007620.0077Uoos aa14.016.0-u.OfJ164-U J3U1L13-o.oo ana-unuaa9-unu 235-unula9- 4.0- 2.01-0.00073-0.00097-oDola3-0.00161-o D0177-0.00140-o.0009tl-0.0006u-onoo21-o DO014-0.000372.04.06.07DB.(29.010.0Ian-oni55OB0867I I-0.00
29、100I -0.0161-0.0155 o.ooa730J30818 I-U.0001fl-Uaolls0.005740.005720.005530.005370D05490.005830.006040D0605006330.00619-0.0149-0.0149-0.0147-0.0145-0.0149-0.0154-0.0155-001:.0.005090.008150D07960D077U0.007880.0084s-0.0LJ15S-U.OU 177-U.OU 199-u.owa3e-unua51-u131)1960.00064-09009a-oDola8-0.00176-0.0019
30、6-o.ooz5a-0.00111-onol16-nnola5-O D0119oao 8590D089u-vnu16a-u.oui5aProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-4042(a) Completemodel - Continued .I HlallwingM ,-0.0096-0.0100-0.0103-0.0102-0.0099-0.0099-0.0090-0.00910.00760.003630.003870.00395:;0
31、.004s4;3 :;OJJO41O0.004140.00373o.oo3 ai?0.002490.00160-Onl-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-001-0.010JJ05030.005280.006480D05720.005870,006040.0060613:3:Z0D05910.005770.00526004670.00348-0.00153-0.00163-0.00176-O LI0193-0.00201-0.00193-0.001770.00162-0.oolsn-0.00149-0.00114-0.
32、00078-O DO0570.00023:;:0.00419o.oo4a40L10436odo 4570.004360.004300.00417ono 40a0.003600.002910.001970.000670.60 - 4.0- :L)a.o4.0:8.09.010.012.014.016.017.5-o.oll)3-0.010s-0.0108-Omloa-0.0110-0.0115-0.0114-0.0113-0.0117-0.0116y;:-0.0098-0.ooee+:-0.00138-0.001623-ono17a-0.00159-0.00150-0.00136-0.00114
33、-0.00124u.00086:g:-oaooa3-0.01S6-o.ola9-o.ola9-o.ola9-oais5-0.0140-0.0141.-0.014s-00144-0.0140-0.0140-0.0133-0.0125-0.01100.005540.005740.0051i60.005970.006150K)0621o.oo6aaoKlo6ao0.006120.006000.00566oao 5000.00397o.ooa62-0.00186-0.00197-0.00210-oao2a7-O fJ0233-O.Q0213-o.ooaoi-0.00106-0.00163-o KI01
34、69-O LI0126-0.00094-0.00064-0.0003110.80 - 4.0- 2.0:.0:;7.0:10.0ia.o14.016KI17.5-0.0108-0.0107-0.0106-0.0111+:;-0.0118-09118:;:-00113-0.0103-OQ092-0.00810.004470.004620.004690.004740.001090.001260.001470.001?00.001800.00157000136U.OO1O4o.ooi4a0.00130u.Ou0860.000s30.00004tJ.0008B-0.0136-0.0137-0.0136
35、-o.o13e-oa142-0.0144-0.0147-0.0i46-0.0145-0.0148-00146-0.0135-0.0123-0.01050.000.000.000.000.000.00Ono0.00OaoO/lo0.000.00Oao0.006Z 2639646648663,67467S658658639594495399a86-0.00193-000207-OQ02220.00239-Oaoas?-oa0a04-0.00181-0.00137-o.oo 17a-0.00160-0.00107-0.000QP.-o.0009a-0.000az-0.0148-0.0146-0.01
36、44-0.0146-0.0152-G.0157-0.0159-0.0157-0.0157-0.0153-0.0139-0.0135-o.ola6Ono0.00000Oa o0.000000.000.000.000.000.000,000.00700?026926937247367377a470366S5615064100001.98o.ooao2o.ooaal,:;:0K)0200,:gml;:o.ooi6a0.00151o.oo12n0001160.00117090093095- 4.0- p -0.0113:;:-oal17-oazalOJ1127-0.0127-o.oia7-o.ola9
37、-0.0126-oD116-0.0111-001070.000.000.000.000.00Oao0.000.000.0049a50U5oLi5065175a3516510493465389317a87-u.ooln2-U.002S14-0.00153-0.00185-U.00189-U.00157-u,00132-U.0U180-(J.ofJ151-000135-(J.OU1O4-0.00101-o,ol)lo710.01an14.016.0OmoOao0.000.00-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.014846,46
38、46,;!2:5654.42oao7ao -0.ooleb0.00699 -0.00%970.00689 -0.002180.00698 -0.002540.0U715 -o.oo26a0.00736 -OJ3O21O0.00734 -0.00170o.oo7a5 -0.001330.00706 -0.000910.00665 -0.000750.005s5 -0.00084- 4.0- :.02.04.06.07.08.01:12.0-0.0114-0.0116-0.0115-Ofil16-0.01190.0123-00127-ofi2a6-0.0194-OJli23-0.01160.000
39、.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Ono0.0000050s50850149650151951550148444837(Io.oon910.001160LI01500.001910.002090.001610.001300.000890.00055o.000ao0.00075O.ouoai0.001140.00148u.ooaoo0.0CJ2R6cm;:;0D0137u.001460.00141-0.0154-0.0161-0.0149-0.0151-0.0156-0.0159-0.0161+:;:-0.0161O: -0.00172 -0.0117-0.0105 0004
40、29-0.00162 -0.00199-0.OIIB oao4slM -0.0107 0.00315 -0.00192-OLIOf56 -0012210.0 -OJ3105 0.00314 o.oo4a9 -0.00179-0.00151 -0.0114Ia.o -0.0108oso4a80.00297 -Clnola3 -O JJ116 -0.001740JI040914.0 -0.0103 oaoa75 -U.oollo-0.00154-0.008416.o0.00385 -ooozas-0.0099 o.ooa40 -U.00094 -0.0108175 -0.0090 0.00190
41、0.00337 -0.00113-0.00088 -0.0104 o.ooa83 -o DO1O10.60 - 4.0 -0.0103 onoa74 -OQO1O3 -00120-0.0106 0.00400- :B 0.00288 -0.00166-0.00118 -0.0120-0.01060D0400 -000178omoa94 +:;$; -0.0118aa -0.0106 oBoa980.00407 -0.00195-omiao4.0 0.00414-0.0110 0D0306 -o.ooaa3-0.00186 -oJia5 oao4a-onlla 000312 -0.00171 +
42、: -oDoaa9omo4a7: -0.0114 ono 315-omoa21-O D01618.0 -0.0115 oDo31a ono4a9-0.00147 -0.0136 -oaoao59.0 -OQ114 oDo4a90.00303 -0.00%91-0.00130 lo.a -0.0116 0.00300 -OD0141 laD -0.0115 0.0027S -0.00113 14.0 -I IJ31L0 oaoa36 -0.00095 -oala516.0 -0.0105 0.00174 0.00371-0.00087 -0.00120-0.0117175 -0.0095 0.0
43、0093000308 -0.00103-onoo6a -0.0115 o.ooa41 -0.000740.20 - 4D -I-I.O1O5 0JJ0315 -0.00107 -0.0133- 2.0 -0.0105 000450o.oo3al -0.00177-oJ301a6 -OB137-0.0109 0.00326 0Q0463-ODO148 -0.0137 -0.00194L -0.0113 0.00466 -0.00211ono 331 -OB0183 -o.olas 0.00474 -0.002444.0 -0.011s 0.00339 -0.00191 -001416.0 +;:
44、 0.00344 0B0483 -oaoa53-0.00169 -0.01447.0 0.00345 o.oo49a-o.ooai7-oLloi4e8.0 -oClia6 -0.0147 0.004950.00335 -0.00190-0.oolle -oa139 0.00486-oa130 m; -0.00157-onoi6a1:%-0.0147 0.00479 -0.00197-o.ola9 -oJ30i51 -0.0148Ian +;: o.ooa89 oao 47a -o.ooie3-ODOli5- -0014714.0o.oo47a -0.00141oooa33 -000110 -0
45、.013916.0 -0.0117 0.001690.00386 -0.00%30-0.00110 -0.0129175 -0.0113 oao168OQO31O -0.00121-Oaolll -0.0113 o.ooa44 -0.00112090 - 4n -0.0118 0.00360 -0110097 -0.0147- an -0.0118 0.00362 o.oo5a7 -0.001s5O D0121-0.0118-o fJ147 0D053Sono 36a -o.ooao3-0.00154 -0.0156L -0.0118 0J303650D0536 -oaoaa6-O D0194
46、 -0.01474D +:orto54a -o.ooa610B0372 -oaoaoa -0.01616D 0.00380 0.00554 -o.ooa59-o.oo17i -0.01557.00.00565-.00ia9 o.oo3al -OJI0146-o.ooai7-0.0159 0.00569 -0.00189-0.0130 0.00383 -0.001.99s% -0.0170-o Klia8 0.00367 o.oo56a -oQoais-oDo17a -0.0160 0.00549 -onoaoi10D -001a9 0J20344 -0.00147 -oai57Ia.o -OJ
47、1118 o.ooasa0005aa -0.00177-oDoi31 -0.0156 0fi046014.0 -o.ol%a o.ooaaa -oaoial-000Z54-0.0144 0.003s7 -o.oo 14a16.o -0.0105 o.oo17a -oaoi3a -0.0137 o.oo3aa -0.001470.93 - 4.0 -0.0119 :;:- :.0 -oDooa7+X) IJ;:. -olsa ox!05a8-O.ool ii +: -0.001740.00372! ono 533-0.00149 -0.00198aD ooo5a3-0.0118 0.00367
48、-0.00196 -oDoaa24.0 -o.olao -o fii4a0.005150D0365-o.ooa59-uooa18 -O B151GJ3o.oo5a4-o.ola6-o.ooa730.00381 -oJJoi75 -0.015170 -oala8 0.00385 0.00547 -o Doaa3-0.00L43 -0.016S-oala8 0.00375 0DOS48-o J.loio4 -0.001S8:$ -o.ola7 -0.0164 oao 5450.00355 -o D0148-0.00068 -0.016310D -o flla5 omo 33a -0.00043 0.00528 -0.00107-0.0158la.o ODii7 o.ooa67 0.00500 -000078-0.00118 -00146 040444 -0.00146095 - 4.0 -0.0119 0.00387 -oLloo82- aD -o.o15a 0.00536:; 0.00328 Wl):; -O D0180-0.01500 0.00367o.oo5a8 -o.ooaol-0.0136 0.00516 -o.ooa3aa.o -0.0119 0.00365 -o
