1、 i Standard Practice In-Line Inspection of Pipelines This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or n
2、ot, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection wi
3、th any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or material
4、s. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts r
5、esponsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE International standard are responsible for review
6、ing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated wit
7、h the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authoriti
8、es if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee proce
9、dures. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NAC
10、E International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International FirstService Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281-228-6200). Revised 2010-03-13 Approved 2002-02-17 NACE
11、International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston, Texas 77084-4906 +1 281-228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-142-0 2010, NACE International NACE SP0102-2010 (formerly RP0102) Item No. 21094 SP0102-2010 ii NACE International SP0102-2010 NACE International i _ Foreword Since the transportation of hydrocarbons by pipel
12、ine began in the 1860s, the primary means of establishing pipeline integrity has been through the use of pressure testing. These tests have been most often performed upon completion of the construction of the pipeline. The completed pipeline segment has been pressurized to a level equal to or exceed
13、ing the anticipated maximum operating pressure (MOP). Government regulations have recently specified the test pressures, test media, and test durations that must be achieved for pipelines to be permitted to operate within their jurisdictions. However, until very recently, there have been no such req
14、uirements for pipelines to be periodically tested for integrity. Some pipeline operators have traditionally performed periodic integrity assessments in a variety of forms with varying degrees of success. In the mid 1960s, pipeline operators began to use a form of instrumented inspection technology t
15、hat has evolved into what is known today as in-line inspection (ILI). ILI is but one tool used in pipeline integrity assessment. The technology has now become so reliable that it holds a prominent place in many operators integrity programs because when properly applied, ILI provides many economies a
16、nd efficiencies in integrity assessment at a relatively small risk. This standard practice outlines a process of related activities that a pipeline operator can use to plan, organize, and execute an ILI project. Guidelines pertaining to ILI data management and data analysis are included. A key compa
17、nion guide to this standard is NACE International Publication 35100.1This standard is intended for use by individuals and teams planning, implementing, and managing ILI projects and programs. These individuals include engineers, operations and maintenance personnel, technicians, specialists, constru
18、ction personnel, and inspectors. Users of this standard must be familiar with all applicable pipeline safety regulations for the jurisdiction in which the pipeline operates. This includes all regulations requiring specific pipeline integrity assessment practices and programs. This NACE standard was
19、originally prepared by Task Group (TG) 212, “In-Line Nondestructive Inspection of Pipelines,” in 2002 and was revised by TG 212 in 2010. This standard is issued by NACE International under the auspices of Specific Technology Group (STG) 35, “Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings.” In NACE standards, th
20、e terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and must are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended, but is no
21、t considered mandatory. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _ SP0102-2010 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Practice In-Line Inspection of Pipelines Contents 1. General . 1 2. Definitions . 1 3. Tool Selection . 6 4. Pipeline ILI Compatibility Assessment .
22、7 5. Logistical Guidelines 16 6. Inspection Scheduling 18 7. New ConstructionPlanning for ILI Surveys . 23 8. Data Analysis Requirements 26 9. Data Management 31 References 31 Bibliography 32 Appendix A: Sample Pipeline Inspection Questionnaire (Nonmandatory) 33 FIGURES Figure A1: Plan View of a Gen
23、eric Pig Trap 35 TABLES Table 1: Types of ILI Tools and Inspection Purposes . 8 _ SP0102-2010 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 This standard is applicable to carbon steel pipeline systems used to transport natural gas, hazardous liquids including those containing anhydrous ammonia, carb
24、on dioxide, water including brine, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), and other services that are not detrimental to the function and stability of ILI tools. 1.2 This standard is primarily applicable to free-swimming ILI tools, but is not applicable for tethered or remotely controlled inspection devic
25、es. 1.3 This standard provides recommendations to the pipeline operator based on successful, industry-proven practices in ILI. 1.4 This standard is specific to the inspection of line pipe installed along a right-of-way, but the general process and approach may be applied to other pipeline facilities
26、 such as hydrocarbon distribution and gathering systems, water injection systems, station piping, and isolated crossings of railroads, highways, or waterways. 1.5 ANSI(1)/ASNT(2)ILI-PQ2establishes minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of ILI personnel whose jobs require specif
27、ic knowledge of the technical principles of ILI technologies, operations, regulatory requirements, and industry standards as applicable to pipeline systems. 1.6 API(3)11633provides requirements for qualification of ILI systems used in onshore and offshore gas and hazardous liquid pipelines. This inc
28、ludes, but is not limited to, tethered or free-flowing systems for detecting metal loss, cracks, mechanical damage, pipeline geometries, and pipeline location or mapping. This standard is an umbrella document covering all aspects of ILI systems, including procedures, personnel, equipment, and associ
29、ated software. It is performance-based, but it does not define how to meet qualification requirements. _ Section 2: Definitions Aboveground Marker (AGM): A portable or permanently installed device placed on the surface above a pipeline that both detects and records the passage of an in-line inspecti
30、on tool or transmits a signal that is detected and recorded by the tool. Anomaly: An unexamined deviation from the norm in pipe material, coatings, or welds. See also Imperfection and Defect. Appurtenance: A component that is attached to the pipeline: e.g., valve, tee, casing, instrument connection,
31、 etc. Batch, Batching: Separated volume of liquid within a liquids pipeline or of liquid within a gas pipeline. Sealing (batching) pigs are typically used for separation. Bellhole: An excavation to permit a survey, inspection, maintenance, repair, or replacement of pipe sections. Bend: A physical co
32、nfiguration that changes pipeline direction. A bend can be classified according to the centerline radius of the bend as a ratio to the nominal pipe diameter. A 1 D bend would have a centerline radius of 1 times the nominal pipe diameter. A 3 D bend would have a centerline radius of three times the n
33、ominal pipe diameter. (1) American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 11 W. 42ndSt., New York, NY 10036. (2) American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518. (3)American Petroleum Institute, (API) 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 200
34、05-4070. SP0102-2010 2 NACE International Buckle: A condition in which the pipeline has undergone sufficient plastic deformation to cause permanent wrinkling or deformation of the pipe wall or the pipes cross-section. Calibration Dig: An exploratory excavation to compare findings of an in-line inspe
35、ction system to actual conditions with the purpose of improving data analysis. See also Verification Dig. Caliper Pig: A configuration pig designed to record conditions such as buckles, dents, wrinkles, ovality, bend radius and angle, and occasionally, indications of significant internal corrosion b
36、y sensing the shape of the internal surface of the pipe (also referred to as geometry pig). Chainage: Cumulative pipeline distance usually measured on the surface from a specific point of origin. Check Valve: Valve that prevents reverse flow. Can cause damage to ILI tools if not fully opened. Cleani
37、ng Pig: A utility pig that uses cups, discs, scrapers, or brushes to remove dirt, rust, mill scale, corrosion products, and other debris from the pipeline. Cleaning pigs are utilized to increase the operating efficiency of a pipeline or to facilitate inspection of the pipeline. Combination Tool: An
38、instrumtented in-line inspection tool designed to perform both geometry (deformation) inspections as well as metal loss inspections with a single tool chassis. Component: Any physical part of the pipeline, other than line pipe, including but not limited to valves, welds, tees, flanges, fittings, tap
39、s, branch connections, outlets, supports, and anchors. Corrosion: The deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. Crack, Cracking: A fracture type of discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length t
40、o width to opening displacement. Data Analysis: The evalution process through which indications are classified and characterized. Defect: A physically examined anomaly with dimensions or characteristics that exceed acceptable limits. See also Imperfection. Deformation: A change in shape, such as a b
41、end, buckle, dent, ovality, ripple, wrinkle, or any other change that affects the roundness of the pipes cross-section or straightness of the pipe. Deformation Tool: An instrumented in-line inspection tool designed to record geometric conditions such as buckles, dents, wrinkles, ovality, and bend ra
42、dius and angle. See Caliper Pig and Geometry Tool. Dent: A local change in piping surface contour caused by an external force such as mechanical impact or rock impact. Detect: To sense or obtain a measurable indication from a feature. Electric Resistance Weld (ERW): A weld seam formed by resistance
43、heating of the two edges of a pipe and then forcing them together. Evaluation: A review, following the characterization and examination of an anomaly to determine whether the anomaly meets specified acceptance or rejection criteria. Examination: A direct physical inspection of a pipeline or anomaly
44、by a person, which may include the use of nondestructive examination (NDE) techniques. SP0102-2010 NACE International 3 Fatigue: The process of progressive localized permanent structural change occurring in a material subjected to fluctuating stresses less than the ultimate tensile strength of the m
45、aterial that may culminate in cracks or complete fracture after a sufficient number of fluctuations. Feature: Any physical object detected by an in-line inspection system. Features may be anomalies, components, nearby metallic objects, welds, appurtenances, or some other item. Gauging Pig: A utility
46、 pig mounted with a flexible metal plate or plates to gauge the internal diameter of the pipeline. Pipe bore restrictions less than the plate diameter or short radius bends will permanently deflect the plate material. Geographical Information System (GIS): A computer system capable of assembling, st
47、oring, manipulating, and displaying geographically-referenced information. Geometry Tool: An instrumented in-line inspection tool that records data about the geometric condition of the pipeline or pipe wall. Caliper tools and deformation tools are examples of geometry tools. Girth Weld: A complete c
48、ircumferential butt weld joining pipe or components. Global Positioning System (GPS): The navigational system utilizing satellite technology to provide a user an exact position on the earths surface. Gouge: Elongated grooves or cavities usually caused by mechanical removal of metal. Hydrostatic Test: A pressure test of a pipeline in which the pipeline is completely filled with water and pressurized to ensure it meets the design conditions and is free of leaks. Imperfection: An anom
