1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOM M U N I CATI0 N U N I ON ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU E737 (02/2001) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS Traffic engineering - ISDN traffic engineering Dimensioning methods for B-ISDN ITU-T Recomme
2、ndation E.737 (Formerly CCIlT Recommendation) ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS INTERNATIONAL OPERATION Definitions General provisions concerning Administrations General provisions conceming users Operation of internation
3、al telephone services Numbering plan of the international telephone service International routing plan Tones in national signalling systems Numbering plan of the international telephone service Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service OPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CHARGING AND ACC
4、OUNTING IN THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the intemational telephone service Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes UTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON- TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS General Phototelegraphy ISDN PROVISIONS CONCERNING USERS INT
5、ERNATIONAL ROUTING PLAN NETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics International network management Checking the quality of the international telephone service Measurement and recording of traffk Forecasting of traffk Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation Determination
6、 of the number of circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation Grade of service Definitions TRAFFIC ENGINEERING Traffic engineering for IP-networks E. 100-E. 103 E. 104-E. 1 19 E. 120-E. 13 9 E. 140-E. 159 E. 160-E. 169 E. 170-E. 179 E. 180-E. 189 E.190-E.199 E.200-E.229 E.230-E.249 E. 260-E.
7、269 E.300-E.319 E.320-E.329 E.330-E.349 E.350-E.399 E.400-E.409 E.4 10-E.4 19 E.420-E.489 E.490-E. 505 E.506-E. 509 E.510-E.519 E.520-E. 53 9 E. 540-E. 5 99 E.600-E.649 E.650-E.699 QUALITY OF TELECOMMLTNICTION SERVICES: CONCEPTS, MODELS, OBJECTIVES AND DEPENDABILITY PLANNING Terms and definitions re
8、lated to the quality of telecommunication services E. 800-E.809 Models for telecommunication services E.810-E.844 Objectives for quality of service and related concepts of telecommunication services E.845-E.859 Use of quality of service objectives for planning of telecommunication networks E. 860-E.
9、879 Field data collection and evaluation on the performance of equipment, networks and services E.880-E.899 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. ITU-T Recommendation E.737 Dimensioning methods for B-ISDN Summary This Recommendation provides general principles and m
10、ethods for dimensioning B-ISDNs from the call and connection level perspective. A network modelling technique for dimensioning and call and connection level traffic controls such as trafic routing and bandwidth reservation are described. Call demand types that are taken into account for network dime
11、nsioning considering available B-ISDN signaling capabilities are presented. Principles of network dimensioning methods are described and several example methods for computing end-to-end GOS (i.e. call/connection blocking probabilities) are provided. Source ITU-T Recommendation E.737 was revised by I
12、TU-T Study Group 2 (2001-2004) and approved under the WTSA Resolution 1 procedure on 2 February 2001. ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) i FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardizatio
13、n Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets
14、 every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts pu
15、rview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws at
16、tention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITLJ takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or ot
17、hers outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represe
18、nt the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
19、writing from ITU. 11 ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) CONTENTS Page 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 10 Scope of this Recommendation Re fer enc e s . Terms and definitions Abbreviations Introduction . Network modelling for dimensioning Network dimensioning objectives and GOS objectives N
20、etwork model Call and connection level traffic control Routing of an ATM connection . 7.1.1 Overview of the routing process . Service protection schemes . 7.2.1 Bandwidth reservation . 7.2.2 Other schemes . . Call priority . Bandwidth negotiation at connection set-up time Modelling of offered traffi
21、c . . Overview of call/connection controls supported in B-ISDN . 8.1.1 Representative types of call/connection 8.1.2 Connection modification . Call demand types . Dimensioning a single VPC/bandwidth module group . Model for dimensioning 9.1.1 Use of ECR . . 9.1.2 Assumptions . 9.1.3 Bandwidth quanti
22、zation . 9.1.4 Connection blocking probability . Connection level traffic controls . Principles of the dimensioning method 9 . i . 5 Computing connection blocking probabilities of a VPChandwidth module group . 9.3.1 9.3.2 Dimensioning a network Dimensioning a group without cell level priority contro
23、 Dimensioning a group with cell level priority control . . ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) 1 1 2 3 3 6 6 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 . 111 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 Principles of network dimensioning methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principles of end-to-end blocking calculation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2.2 Fixed point method . . . 10.2.1 State space analysis . . Computing blocking probabilities for a network with type A calls 10.3.1 End-to-end c
25、all blocking probabilities in a network with the load sharing 10.3.2 End-to-end call blocking probabilities in a network with alternative 10.3.3 End-to-end call blocking probabilities in a network with other routing schemes . . . . . . . Computing blocking probabilities for a network with type B cal
26、ls . 10.4.1 End-to-end call blocking probabilities in a network with the load sharing 10.4.2 End-to-end call blocking probabilities in a network with other routing Computing blocking probabilities for a network with other call types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . routing scheme . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . routing schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . routing scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex A - Example calculation methods for individual blocking probabilities a
29、t a VPChandwidth module group . . . . . A. 1 Summary of methods A.2 Notation . . . . A.3 Kaufman-Roberts method . A.4 Hayward-type method . . . . Annex B - An example method for computing blocking probabilities for a network with B. 1 . type A calls . Example with the load sharing routing scheme . B
30、.l.l Network model B. 1.2 Example with an alternative routing scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.2.1 Network model . B.2.2 End-to-end call blocking probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B .2
31、 End-to-end call blocking probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annex C - An example method for computing blocking probabilities for a network with C. 1 . type B calls. . Example with load sharing routing scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . .:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. 1.1 Network model. . , . C. 1.2 End-to-end call and connection blocking probabilities . . . . Appendix I - Bibliography . iv ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) Page 17 19 19 19 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 30 31
33、 ITU-T Recommendation E.737 Dimensioning methods for B-ISDN 1 Scope of this Recommendation This Recommendation is intended to provide dimensioning guidelines for B-ISDN enabling the network operator to meet call and connection level GOS objectives from the user-plane perspective. In this Recommendat
34、ion, B-ISDN bearer services supported by B-ISDN signalling capability sets 1 and 2.1 are taken into account. Although on-demand virtual path connections are not supported in those signalling capability sets, they are also taken into account in the modelling of user traffic demand. This issue only co
35、ncerns the ATM connections supported by deterministic bit rate, statistical bit rate and available bit rate ATM transfer capabilities. Dimensioning guidelines for the control-plane in the B-ISDN are outside of the scope of this Recommendation. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and oth
36、er references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged
37、 to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. ITU-T E. 170 (1 992), Traffic routing. ITU-T E. 177 (1 996), B-ISDN routing. ITU-T E.525 (1 992),
38、Designing networks to control grade of service. ITU-T E.526 (1 993), Dimensioning a circuit group with multi-slot bearer services and no overflow inputs. ITU-T E.7 16 (1 996), User demand modelling in Broadband-ISDN ITU-T E.73 1 (I 992), Methods for dimensioning resources operating in circuit-switch
39、ed mode. ITU-T E.735 (1997), Framework for trafic control and dimensioning in B-ISDN ITU-T E.736 (2000), Methods for cell level traflic control in B-ISDN. ITU-T I. 12 1 (1 99 i), Broadband aspects of ISDN. ITU-T I. 150 (1 999), B-ISDN asynchronous transfer mode functional characteristics. ITU-T 4.27
40、22.1 (1996), B-ISDN user part - Network node interface specification for point-to-multipoint call/connection control. ITU-T 4.2726.2 (1 996), B-ISDN userpart - Callpriority. ITU-T Q.2761 (1999), Functional description of the B-ISDN user part (B-ISUP) of signalling system No. 7. ITU-T 4.2762 (1 999),
41、 General functions of messages and signals of the B-ISDN user part (B-ISUP) of signalling system No. 7. ITU-T 4.2763 (1999), Signalling system No. 7 B-ISDN user part (B-ISUP) - Formats and codes. ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) 1 - ITU-T Q.2764 (1999), Signalling system No. 7 B-ISDN user part (B-ISUP) - Basic
42、 call procedures. ITU-T 4.293 1 (1999, Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 - User-network interface (UNJ layer 3 specification for basic callkonnection control. - ITU-T Q.2959 (1 996), Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 - Callpriority. - ITU-T Q.296 1 .x, Digital subscriber signalling
43、 system No. 2 - Additional traflc parameters. - ITU-T 4.2962 (1998), Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 - Connection characteristics negotiation during call/connection establishment phase. - ITU-T 4.2963.1 (1996), Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 - Connection modification: Peak cel
44、l rate modification by the connection owner. ITU-T Q.2971 (1 999, Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 - User-network interface layer 3 specifrcation for point-to-multipoint calUconnection control. - - 3 Terms and definitions This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.1 ATM connection:
45、 A VCC or VPC. 3.2 forward direction: Direction of communication from the calling user to the called user. 3.3 backward direction: Direction of communication from the called user to the calling user. 3.4 ATM link: Transmission path together with its associated buffer in the upstream node. 3.5 ATM li
46、nk set: Set of all the ATM links with the same direction of transmission interconnecting two ATM nodes without any intermediate ATM nodes. 3.6 VC nodes without any intermediate VC nodes. 3.7 network-to-network VPCs but can be allocated to user-to-user VPCs/VCCs (see 6.1). 3.8 VPC set: Set of all the
47、 VPCs with the same direction of transmission interconnecting two bandwidth module: An amount of bandwidth of an ATM link that is not allocated to bandwidth module set: Set of all the bandwidth modules in an ATM link set. 3.9 VPC group: VPCs in a given VPC set that have the same permanent characteri
48、stics and performance characteristics, e.g. propagation delay, cell level performance. 3.10 bandwidth module group: Bandwidth modules in a given bandwidth module set that have the same permanent characteristics and performance characteristics, e.g. propagation delay, cell level performance. 3.11 rou
49、te: A concatenation of VPC groupshandwidth module groups from the originating node to the destination node of an ATM connection. 3.12 equivalent cell rate: A cell rate attributed to a connection such that cell level GOS objectives are satisfied on an ATM link or network VPC as long as the sum of equivalent cell rates is not greater than the rate of the ATM link or VPC. Note that all the objects (i.e. connection, link, bandwidth module, respective sets and groups, and route) defined above are unidirectional. 2 ITU-T E.737 (02/2001) 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following
