1、STD-ITU-T RECMN E-SOO-ENGL 1998 aai 48b2593 O656035 600 111 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU E500 (1 1 /98) SERIES E: OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS Quality of service, network management an
2、d traffic engineering - Traffic engineering - Measurement and recording of traffic Traffic intensity measurement principles ITU-T Recommendation E500 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTDe
3、ITU-T RECMN EmSCJO-ENGL 1798 II 48b259L Ob5b03b 547 = ITU-T E-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS OVERALL NETWORK OPERATION, TELEPHONE SERVICE, SERVICE OPERATION AND HUMAN FACTORS )PERATION, NUMBERING, ROUTING AND MOBILE SERVICES qTERNATIONAL OPERATION Definitions General provisions concerning Administrations Ge
4、neral provisions concerning users Operation of international telephone services Numbering plan of the international telephone service International routing plan Tones in national signalling systems Maritime mobile service and public land mobile service IPERATIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CHARGING AND
5、 ACCOUNTING IN -HE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE SERVICE Charging in the international telephone service Measuring and recording call durations for accounting purposes JTILIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE NETWORK FOR NON- TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS Gen era I Phototelegraphy SDN PROVISIONS CONCERNING USE
6、RS 3UALITY OF SERVICE, NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING VETWORK MANAGEMENT International service statistics International network management Checking the quality of the international telephone service TRAFFIC ENGINEERING E. 1 OO-E. 103 E.104-E.119 E. 120-E. 139 E. 140-E. 1 59 E. 160-E. 169
7、 E. 170-E. 179 E. I 80-E. 199 E.200-E.229 E.230-E.249 E.260-E.269 E.300-E.319 E. 320-E.329 E.330-E.399 E.400-E.409 E.410-E.419 E.420-E.489 Measurement and recording of traffic E.490-E.505 Forecasting of traffic Determination of the number of circuits in manual operation Determination of the number o
8、f circuits in automatic and semi-automatic operation Grade of service Definitions ISDN traffic engineering Mobile network traffic engineering QUALITY OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES: CONCEPTS, MODELS, OBJECTIVES AND DEPEN DAB1 LIN PLAN NI NG Terms and definitions related to the quality of telecommunic
9、ation services Models for telecommunication services Objectives for quality of service and related concepts of telecommunication services Use of quality of service objectives for planning of telecommunication networks Field data collection and evaluation on the performance of equipment, networks and
10、 services E. 506-E. 509 E.510-E.519 E. 520-E. 539 E. 540-E.599 E.600-E.699 E.700-E.749 E.750-E.799 E.800-E.809 E.810-E.844 E. 845-E. 859 E.860-E.879 E.880-E.899 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU Telecommunications
11、Licensed by Information Handling Services- STD-ITU-T RECnN E.500-ENGL 1998 4662591 ObCb037 483 I ITU-T RECOMMENDATION ES00 TRAFFIC INTENSITY MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES Summary This Recommendation describes traffic intensity concepts and traffic intensity measurement methodologies. The concepts of normal
12、 and high load are described and the methodology for using these measured traffic intensities in determining the load for traffic system dimensioning is discussed. Source ITU-T Recommendation E.500 was revised by ITU-T Study Group 2 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 proced
13、ure on the 9th of November 1998. Recommendation E.500 (11/98) 1 COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-ITU-T RECMN E-SOO-ENGL 3998 111 4862571 Ob56038 3LT E FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United
14、 Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommunications. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing t
15、elecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Member
16、s of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation the term recognized operating agency (R
17、UA) includes any individual, company, corporation or governmental organization that operates a public correspondence service. The terms Administration, ROA and public correspondence are defined in the Constitution of the ITU (Geneva, 1992). INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the
18、 possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outsid
19、e of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, impiementors are cautioned that this may not represent the
20、latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing
21、 from the ITU. 11 Recommendation E.500 (11/98) COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling Services1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 8 STDoITU-T RECMN E-SOO-ENGL 1998 H 4b25L Ob5bD39 is56 I CONTENTS Scope References Definiti
22、ons Abbreviations . Traffic intensity concepts . Background . Traffic intensity concept and stationarity . Assumptions for this Recommendation Measured traffic intensity . Convergence of the measured traffic intensity and choice of read-out period . Measurement methods and normal and high load traff
23、ic intensities Daily measurement methods Grouping of daily measurements Normal and high load traffic intensities . Determination of the traffic intensity values for resource dimensioning . History Considerations on service measurements . Annex A . Example of stationary traffic intensity with holding
24、 times larger than the read-out period Page 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 . Recommendation ES00 (1198) 111 COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTDeITU-T RECMN E.500-ENGL L996 I q86257L 0656040 T78 b Recommendation E.50
25、0 TRAFFIC INTENSITY MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES (revised in 1998) 1 Scope This Recommendation considers traffic intensity measurements for traffic systems consisting of a pool of resources and random arrival events that require the use of some amount of resources from the pool for some period of time. Tr
26、affic systems with and without waiting room (i.e. queueing) are considered. Only traffic systems with a pool of resources of a single type are considered. The defined traffic intensity measurements relate to the use of stationary arrival process models to characterize traffic over the measurement in
27、tervals. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject t
28、o revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. - - - - - ITU-T Recommendatio
29、n E.492 (1 996), Trafic reference period. ITU-T Recombination E.501 (1997), Estimation of trafic offered in the network. CCITT Recommendation E.503 (1 992), Trafic measurement data analysis. CCITT Recommendation E.504 (1 SSS), Trafic measurement administration. CCITT Recommendation ES06 (1 992), For
30、ecasting international trafic. - - - CCITT Recommendation ES07 (1 SSS), Models for forecasting international traffic. CCITT Recommendation E.508 (1992), Forecasting new telecommunication services. ITU-T Recombination E.600 (1 993), Terms and definitions of trafic engineering. 3 Definitions This Reco
31、mmendation defines the following terms: The Daily Peak Period (DPP) traffic intensity measurement method is the method in which traffic intensity is measured for consecutive read-out periods of each day, and the peak traffic intensity for the day is recorded. This method requires continuous measurem
32、ents. The Fixed Daily Measurement Interval (FDMI) traffic intensity measurement method is the method in which a predetermined time interval (Le. a set of consecutive read-out periods during a day) in which peak period loads usually occur is identified, and during that time interval each day traffic
33、intensity measurements are taken. The peak traffic intensity over the measured read-out periods is recorded for the day. Normal load condition identifies frequent busy operating conditions of the network for which user expectations should be met. Recommendation E.500 (1 1/98) 1 COPYRIGHT Internation
34、al Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesHigh load condition identifies not very frequently encountered operating conditions for which user service expectations would not necessarily be met, but for which the level of performance achieved should be h
35、igh enough to avoid significant user dissatisfaction, spread of congestion, etc. Normal (high) load traffic intensity is the representative value over a monthly time interval of the traffic intensity under normal (high) load condition. Yearly Representative Value (YRV) of the normal (high) load traf
36、fic intensity is the representative value over a yearly time interval of the traffic intensity under normal (high) load condition. Other definitions follow Recommendation E.600. 4 Abbreviations This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations: CPU Central Processing Unit DPP Daily Peak Period FD
37、MI Fixed Daily Measurement Interval GOS Grade of Service YRV Yearly Representative Value 5 Traffic intensity concepts 5.1 Background In a broad sense, traffic intensity relates to the rate that work arrives to a traffic system and the resources needed to handle the work. The class of trafic systems
38、under consideration in this Recommendation consists of a pool of resources of a single type, jobs that arrive and seize a needed amount of resources or wait until they are available (or leave if there are insufficient available resources and insufficient waiting room), and a holding time per job, wh
39、ich is the time a job requires from a specified quantity of dedicated resources to complete its work. Some important examples are: a Circuit Groups - The job is the call, the resources are the specified number of circuits Call Processing - The resource is a call processing CPU, the job is a call, an
40、d the holding Packet Data Transport - The resource is a fixed bandwidth data transmission channel, the required by the call, and the holding time for a job is the call holding time. time for the job is the CPU processing time for the call. job is to transport a data packet over the transmission chan
41、nel, and the holding time for a job is the time it takes to transmit the packet (i.e. packet length/data channel speed). B-ISDN network - Consider an ATM link in which the Connection Admission Control (CAC) assigns a certain fixed bandwidth to each arriving connection. It behaves as a traffic system
42、 in which the job is a connection, the resource is the bandwidth assigned by the CAC to the connection and the holding time for a job is the connection holding time. Average traffic intensity is measured over time intervals which are called read-out periods (see RecommendationE.492). The length of t
43、he read-out period must be chosen so that acceptable estimates of traffic intensity are obtained. Specific considerations that must be made in choosing the read-out period are given in 5.5. a 2 Recommendation ES00 (11/98) COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicense
44、d by Information Handling Services5.2 Instantaneous carried traffic intensity is defined in Recommendation E.600 as the amount of occupied resources in a traffic system at a given instant. Instantaneous offered traffic intensity is the mount of occupied resources in a traffic system with infinite re
45、sources. Average traffic intensity is defined as the time average of the instantaneous traffic intensity over a period of time. The variation of the instantaneous traffic intensity over time is called the traffic intensity process. This Recommendation deals with situations in which the trafic intens
46、ity process can be considered stationary, that is, there are stationary traffic intensity models that are a good approximation to the actual traffic intensity process. For the traffic intensity process to be considered stationary in a read-out period, it is necessary that: 4 b) cl When the average j
47、ob holding time is much smaller than the read-out period, conditions b) and c) are satisfied in most practical situations if condition a) is satisfied. In this case, the average traffic intensity is given by: Traffic intensity concept and stationarity the job arrival process can be considered statio
48、nary; the job departure process can be considered stationary; both the arrival and departure processes have the same mean rate during the read-out period. A=h.n.h (1) where h is the average job arrival rate, y1 is the average number of dedicated resources per job, and h the average resource holding
49、time per job (weighted with the number of resources needed by the job). If the mean holding time is of the order or greater than the read-out period, equation (1) may not hold even though the traffic intensity process can be approximated by a statistical model. An example of this situation is illustrated in Annex A. 5.3 Assumptions for this Recommendation In order for the methods used in this Recommendation to be valid, the following assumptions must be satisfied: 1) A read-out period length can be chosen such that there is, for each observed read-out period, a stationary model tha
