1、STD-ITU-R RECMN SM-ZOLS-ENGL L998 4855212 0535464 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION L42 w UNION SM.2015 Methods for determining national long-term strategies for spectrum utilization RAD I OCOM M U N I CATI ON BU REAU STD-ITU-R RECMN SM-2015-ENGL 1998 4855232 0535Lib5 O89 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR
2、 OF THE ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recom
3、mendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Contact address for inquiries about radiocommunication matters: ITU Radiocommun
4、ication Bureau Place des Nations CH-121 1 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone i-41227305800 Fax 41227305785 Internet brmail itu.int X.400 S=brmail; P=itu; A=400net; C=ch Contact address for orders of ITU publications: ITU Sales and Marketing Service Place des Nations CH - 12 1 1 Geneva 20 Switzerland Te
5、lephone Telephone Telephone Fax i-41 22 730 5194 Telex 421 O00 uit ch Telegram ITU GENEVE Internet salesitu.int X.400 S=sales; P=itu; A=400net; C=ch +41 22 730 6141 English 41 22 730 6142 French 41 22 730 6143 Spanish O ITU 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or u
6、tilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without written permission from the ITU. STD-ITU-R RECMN SM*20LS-ENGL 1978 D 4855232 05354bb TL5 = SM SERIES ITU-R REPORTS Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT (Radiocommunication Study Group 1) TA
7、BLE OF CONTENTS Methods for determining national long-term strategies for spectrum utilization Page 1 - STDaITU-R RECMN SM.2015-ENGL 1996 4855212 05354b7 951 Rep . ITU-R SM.2015 1 REPORT ITU-R SM.2015 METHODS FOR DETERMINING NATIONAL LONG-TERM STRATEGIES FOR SPECTRUM UTILIZATION (Question ITU-R 205/
8、1) (1998) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 . Long-term planning process 1 Introduction 2 National long term planning process 2.1 Spectrum requirements definition . 2.2 Spectrum availability 2.4 Spectrum planning implementation . 2.5 The iterative process . The management or administrative body 2.3 S
9、pectrum planning options 3 Annex 1 - Influencing factors . CHAPTER 2 . Evaluation of scenarios 1 Introduction 2 The consultative approach Inquiry into future specdservice requirements . Interaction among/with representative groups 2.1 2.2 2.3 Analysis of usage trends . 2.4 Example 3 The analytical a
10、pproach 3.1 Introduction . 3.2 3.3 Steps for the analytical approach development . The use of the analytical technique in the long-term spectrum requirements planning process . CHAPTER 3 . Appropriate procedures for transition from present spectrum utilisation to long term objectives 1 Identificatio
11、n of long-term spectrum management objectives 2 3 Transition procedures . Efficient use of new technologies for improved frequency re-use Evaluation of current spectrum management process Encourage effective spectrum utilisation 3.1.2 Channel splitting . 3.1.3 Service displacement . 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.4
12、Service overlay and frequency band sharing . 3.1.5 Shared radio systems . 3.1.6 Use of the unused spectrum . 3.1.7 Maximise the use of wireline distribution networks . 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 STD-ITU-R RECMN Sfl*2015-ENGL 1998 4855212 05354b8 898
13、 W 2 Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 Page 3.2 Enhance spectrum use flexibility 12 3.3 Maximise the social and economic benefits that can be achieved by appropriate spectrum management 13 3.4 3.5 Ensure that the spectrum is used in all regions of the country where it is needed 13 13 Build a skilled work force and
14、 develop proper spectrum engineering tools . CHAPTER 1 Long-term planning process 1 Introduction Recommendation IT-R SM. 1047 “National Spectrum Management” adopted in 1994 recommends “that the Handbook on National Spectrum Management be used as a guide for developing national spectrum management pr
15、ogrammes.”. Chapter 3 “Spectrum Planning” of the Handbook defines long-term planning” and describes “forecasts”, inter alia, but does not propose specific procedures for Administrations to follow. This Chapter is intended to fill this gap. At present, much spectrum planning is relatively short-term.
16、 However, if spectrum resources are to adequately support national goals and objectives, long-term planning is essential. It can provide a basis for effective spectrum management to ensure that spectrum is efficiently allocated and assigned to accommodate constantly evolving spectrum requirements by
17、 new systems and their applications. It also facilitates decision-making by providing a basis for the practical consideration and evaluation of alternative courses of action. Long-term planning should endeavour to: - make todays decisions on spectrum planning strategies in view of their consequences
18、 for the future, - identi the impact of past decisions on the future, - periodically adjust decisions to changing circumstances. It should be sufficiently comprehensive to accommodate the national spectrum requirements of both known and anticipated radiocommunication systems. It also leads to: - rev
19、ision of the national table of frequency allocations, - the development of national positions on international radio conference agendas, and - revisions to spectrum regulations, policies and standards. STD-ITU-R RECMN SM.2035-ENGL 1998 = 4855232 0535469 724 Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 3 2 National long-term
20、planning process The development of long-term strategies for national spectrum use will require the implementation of a national long-term spectrum planning process. This process should include the following phases: 2.1 Spectrum requirements definition Spectrum requirements definition determines fut
21、ure broad-based national spectrum requirements for ail radio services and technological, political and economic factors (see Annex 1 to this Chapter) which may influence spectrum use. Spectrum requirements can be defined on the basis of the evaluation of potential scenarios (see Chapter 2). Traditio
22、nally, spectrum use scenarios have been evaluated on the basis of consultative inputs from concerned parties including national spectrum planning organisations within governmental departments or agencies, individual user requests, and the public. Recently steps have been taken to perform scenario ev
23、aluation based on analytical modelling techniques (see Chapter 2, also applicable to the spectrum availability and spectrum option phases). 2.2 Spectrum availability The objective of this phase is to assess the availability of spectrum across all national radio services and to accommodate the spectr
24、um requirements identified in the requirements definition phase. Inputs are primarily derived from within the administration itself but also can come from the ITU International Frequency List, ITU allotment Plans and any existing regional spectrum planning studies. 2.3 Spectrum planning options The
25、aim of this phase is to develop suitable spectrum planning options to satis spectrum requirements on the basis of the data from the two preceding phases. Any analysis for the development of spectrum options would need to take account of technical, political and economic factors. The analysis would a
26、lso assess the various opportunities for services given existing and projected radiocommunication environments and/or allocations. Recommendations regarding those service requirements unable to be accommodated within current national allocations will be based on these analyses and any available spec
27、trum monitoring results. Allocation options are developed and the relative costs of any reallocation to and/or movement of existing spectrum users assessed. 2.4 Spectrum planning implementation This phase would provide for the implementation of various spectrum planning strategies (see Chapter 3) an
28、d could be expected to be an on-going process. The introduction of new services may require changes to national spectrum allocation tables and revisions to IT regulations. Revisions to international regulations would be undertaken at the various ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs). 2.5 T
29、he iterative process Previous decisions can be re-evaluated periodically or triggere, “y specific events and, if necessary, modified on the basis of the updated information. The planning process is therefore a continuous process of exploration and data processing rather than a linear process. A reco
30、rd of all changes can be maintained to provide a history of developments in the long-term plan. STD-ITU-R RECflN SM.2OLS-ENGL 3998 W 4855232 0535470 44b m 4 Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 3 The establishment of a management or administrative body providing leadership and supervision for the implementation of th
31、e spectrum planning programme is necessary to ensure that issues relating to long-term spectrum utilisation strategies can be addressed. This will include the introduction of an early recognition system within the framework of its planning procedures. However, the body may be supported by special pl
32、anning bodies such as project groups and task forces. The management or administrative body Long-term planning is almost always a primary task at management level and one which cannot be delegated, due to the consequences and significance of the decisions to be taken. Such planning bodies are respon
33、sible for: - developing detailed strategic policies and solving problems concerning the conversion of strategic policies into operational plans; allocating financial and human resources; strategic review of procedures, results and requirements in conjunction with the implementation of strategies; an
34、y necessary recommendations concerning adjustments to organisation and management systems, and updating the planning data used as a basis for frequency management. - - - - ANNEX 1 TO CHAPTER 1 Influencing factors The following is the list of influencing factors to be considered in the long-term plan
35、ning process: 1 Political and legal factors 1.1 Regulatory factors 1.1.1 International frequency allocation (ITU-R) 1.1.2 Regional frequency management bodies 1.1.3 National frequency allocation procedure 1.1.4 1.1.5 Standardisation policy 1.1.6 Telecommunications infrastructure factors Frequency ma
36、nagement procedures of neighbouring administrations 1.2 Industrial factors 2 Economic factors 2.1 User mobility 2.2 Globalization 2.3 Overall economic development 2.4 Market factors 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Spectrum auctioning The role of new services and technologies Structure of prices and tariffs
37、for equipment and services Market needs and marketing factors Procedures and practices used by service providers 2.5 STDmITU-R RECMN SM-2015-ENGL 1798 4855212 0535473 342 = Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 5 3 Social factors 3.1 3.2 3.3 Security and public safety 3.4 Changes in demand as a result of changes in th
38、e social structure Changes in demand as a result of changes in the daily and life-time working hours Public acceptance of radio applications 4 Ecological factors 4.1 Electromagnetic pollution 4.2 4.3 Debris in space Public dislike of large antenna structures and proliferation of sites 5 Technical fa
39、ctors 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Basic technologies 5.1.1 Microelectronics 5.1.2 Signal processing 5.1.3 Equipment components 5.1.3.1 Power supplies 5.1.3.2 Batteries 5.1.4 Communication media Coding and modulation techniques 5.2.1 Source coding 5.2.2 Channel coding 5.2.3 Modulation techniques Channel acce
40、ss techniques and transmission modes 5.3.1 Channel access 5.3.2 Diversity techniques 5.3.2.1 Time diversity 5.3.2.2 Frequency diversity 5.3.2.3 Antenna diversity 5.3.2.4 Space diversity 5.3.2.5 Direction diversity 5.4.3 Spread spectrum techniques Antennas 5.4.1 Antenna optimisation 5.4.1.1 5.4.1.2 U
41、se of new technologies and manufacturing methods to reduce side lobe level New methods in antenna development Data processing in telecommunications CHAPTER 2 Evaluation of scenarios 1 Introduction Depending on the national outlook, available resources, and spectrum regulatory framework, a national s
42、pectrum manager may select from a number of methods to evaluate scenarios with respect to their potential impact on spectrum use. The evaluation of the scenarios that impact spectrum use can rely on consultative or analytical approaches or a combination of approaches. It can be very detailed, consid
43、ering all potential factors, or more cursory in its overview. STD-ITU-R RECMN SM-2015-ENGL 1998 M 4855232 0535472 219 m 6 Rep. ITU-R SM.2015 Furthermore, the responsibility for consideration of factors can be primarily that of the national spectrum manager (see also Chapter 1) or be distributed to t
44、he interested constituents. This evaluation of scenarios ultimately helps to form the basis for national spectrum manager decisions regarding spectrum allocation or regulations. A scenario is a hypothetical sequence of events, based on event and developments related to a specific field (e.g. a count
45、rys population trends), or to a specific period of time that in some manner relate to each other. A scenario is not itself a forecast but complements traditional forecasting by providing a record of a possible sequence of individual events related to one particularly interesting system aspect. Withi
46、n the framework of long-term planning scenarios are used to predict possible developments. They serve to: - increase the reliability of forecasts and interpret risks (reliability), and - identie potential strategic options. The scenarios are based on the main factors of influence, i.e. the political
47、, economic, social and technical factors. They can be developed systematically with different configurations of factors and their estimated degrees of probability. 2 The consultative approach The consultative approach is based on the premise that spectrum planners can, through collaborative proceedi
48、ngs involving spectrum users, service providers, and equipment manufacturers, arrive at a reasonably accurate and cost-effective determination of long-term spectrum requirements and use. Thus, it takes into consideration analytical and intuitive inputs from the spectrum community, placing the weight
49、 of responsibility for much of the analysis and forecasting on those who have the most at stake. The detail given to the analysis of factors is up to the user community. Given the rapid change of the radiocommunications industry and the limited resources available to national spectrum managers, such an approach often represents the best, cost-effective option for spectrum planners. 2.1 Inquiry into future spectrum/service requirements The consultative approach starts with an initial public notice or announcement, informing all interested parties that a long-term spectrum pla
