1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2014-1 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2014-1 Digital land mobile systems for dispatch traffic (Question ITU-R 37/8) (1998-2006) Scope Demand in the land mobile service is on the increase due to annual growth as well as to new data-based service requirements. This has led to the development of more s
2、pectrally efficient technologies utilizing digital modulation and in many cases trunking. These technologies are being introduced in systems worldwide to accommodate this demand. This Report provides the technical and operational characteristics for spectrum efficient digital dispatch systems and al
3、so provides details of systems being introduced throughout the world. This Report is a compilation of descriptions of systems, which implies that neither technical nor intellectual property rights evaluations were performed in its preparation. Further details are available in the ITU Publication Lan
4、d Mobile Handbook (including Wireless Access) Volume 3: Dispatch and Advanced Messaging Systems, and are not included here. 1 General objectives The general objectives of a spectrum efficient digital land mobile system, for dispatch in either private or public systems, are to provide: systems that o
5、ffer a higher spectrum efficiency, thereby accommodating more users within limited spectrum resources than analogue systems; a higher average level of voice quality over the network and enciphered speech for privacy; users with a wide range of services and facilities, both voice and non-voice, that
6、are compatible with those offered by the public fixed networks (public switched telephone network (PSTN), public data network (PDN), integrated services digital network (ISDN), etc.); users with a variety of applications to satisfy their requirements, ranging from handheld stations to vehicle mounte
7、d stations, with voice and data interfaces; mobile and infrastructure equipment which use state of the art technology to provide savings in weight, power consumption and cost. 2 Service types The basic services offered by a digital dispatch traffic system can be divided into three types: teleservice
8、s; bearer services; and supplementary services. 2 Rep. ITU-R M.2014-1 2.1 Teleservices Teleservices provide the user with full capability, including terminal equipment functions, to communicate with other users. Both lower layer (open systems interconnection (OSI) layers 1 through 3) and higher laye
9、rs (OSI layers 4 to 7) functionality typify these services. Typical teleservices should include: a trunked and non-trunked capability to permit direct mobile-to-mobile and group speech call facilities with user options to permit selective and secure calling; telephony, facsimile and some extended se
10、rvice offerings, e.g. videotex, telex, etc. 2.2 Bearer services Bearer services give the user the capacity needed to transmit appropriate signals between certain access points. These services are typified by lower layer functionality, typically limited to OSI layers 1 through 3. Typical bearer servi
11、ces should include: a circuit mode data facility to permit a minimum of 7.2 kbit/s for unprotected data and a minimum of 4.8 kbit/s for protected data; a packet mode connection-oriented data and connectionless data facility. 2.3 Supplementary services The range of supplementary services varies depen
12、ding on the system and also the particular implementation. 3 Channel design Digital systems for dispatch traffic may have two types of channel categories: traffic channels which are used for voice and data transmission; and control channels which are used for signalling and control purpose, e.g. acc
13、ess control, broadcast messages, synchronization, etc. 4 Channel access techniques The systems described in this report use either frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code-division multiple access (CDMA), frequency hopping multiple access (FHMA), or hybri
14、ds of these. Digital cellular technology may be adaptable for dispatch use. 5 Systems being installed or planned General details of the systems are given in Annex 1. Appendices 1 to 9 give general descriptions of specific systems proposed to ITU-R. Rep. ITU-R M.2014-1 3 Annex 1 Systems being install
15、ed and planned 1 Introduction Digital land mobile radio systems for dispatch and fleet management applications are being developed worldwide. Although these systems have been developed to meet the requirements of either general purpose applications or more specific groups of users, they share some o
16、f the basic objectives and characteristics outlined in this Report. Summaries of the systems are given below and more detailed descriptions can be found in Appendices 1 to 9. 1.1 Terrestrial trunked radio system (TETRA) The development of the standards for TETRA system has been carried out in the Eu
17、ropean Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), a recognized standardization organization. The technical requirements specification aims to satisfy the needs of a wide range of professional users, ranging from emergency services to commercial and industrial organizations. 1.2 Project 25/Projec
18、t 34 (P25/P34) The development of the standards for Project 25 system (Phase I and II) has been carried out by Project 25, a cooperative effort between US local (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials international APCO), state (Technology Professionals Serving State Government NASTD)
19、 and federal government users; in collaboration with the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), an ANSI-accredited and ITU-R recognized standards development organization. The Project 25 standards aim to satisfy the needs of a wide range of users, primarily in the areas of public safety, gov
20、ernmental operations and other private trunked radio operations. The “Phase 1” development defines FDMA standards that meet the FCCs goal of compatible FM and QPSK modulations in 12.5 kHz operation (TIA 102-series). Additionally, the “Phase 2” (including Project 34) development phase is defined to e
21、ncompass additional details and capabilities outlined within the User-defined P25/34 Statement of Requirements (SoR) document; including improved spectrum utilization (i.e., 6.25 kHz), a specified TDMA Air Interface for critical private radio, Wideband data capabilities (i.e., at 700 MHz with 50, 10
22、0, 150 kHz channelization, published as TIA-902 series), a redefined intersystem interface, the addition of new infrastructure/systems connectivity interfaces, public protection-oriented broadband data for allocated 4.9 GHz spectrum in US, and new, modified, or enhanced features and services. Additi
23、onally, the Project 34 SoR was expanded upon for the international Project MESA SoR. A key element of the Project 25 technology is its ability to co-exist with operational analogue systems, enabling a graceful migration from analogue to digital, while maintaining an emphasis on interoperability and
24、compatibility among conventional and trunked systems implementations. 1.2.1 International Project MESA Project MESA is an international partnership currently between the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), which was establishe
25、d with the goal of articulating user requirements and to progress the development of advanced mobile broadband specifications that can be used to support the communications requirements of the public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) community. Specifically, the 4 Rep. ITU-R M.2014-1 technical s
26、pecifications and capabilities derived from the MESA SoR will support the PPDR communitys technology needs for the wireless transport and distribution of rate intensive data, digital video and digital voice for both service-specific and general applications, across incident area and jurisdictional n
27、etworks, with varying degrees of infrastructure support. Due to commonalties between North American activities involving advanced digital public safety radio system standardization (Project 34) and concurrent European standards activities (DAWS), the TIA of North America and ETSI, representing their
28、 respective regional users and industry interests, agreed to collaborate and combine work efforts to provide a forum in which the key players (e.g., agencies, users and industry) can contribute actively to the elaboration of next-generation digital broadband data specifications, initially focusing o
29、n public safety and emergency response agencies, organizations and professional users. This cooperative effort was given the name “Project MESA” in recognition of the city, where the partnership agreement was finalized (the acronym, “Broadband Mobility for Emergency and Safety Applications-MESA”, al
30、so serves as an accurate description). The project is open to participation from all regions of the world and currently has participants and observers from North America, Europe (East and Western), Australia and Asia (e.g., Korea, China). Project MESA also supports the ITU-R in its worldwide efforts
31、, as documented in Report ITU-R M.2033. The results of the Project MESA work may form the basis of member contributions to the ITU in accordance with existing procedures. Project MESA may take into account future ITU Recommendations on mobile broadband specifications for public safety. In the framew
32、ork of agreed relationships, the MESA specifications and MESA reports will form the basis of standards (or part of standards) and/or reports of the organizational partners. Incorporation into other SDO/entity standards and documents is also an option. Project MESA shares its work in an open web site
33、 and document area; see http:/www.projectmesa.org/ and http:/www.projectmesa.org/ftp for details, including participation or coordination. 1.3 Integrated dispatch radio system (IDRA) The development of the Standards for the IDRA system has been carried out by the Association of Radio Industries and
34、Businesses (ARIB) in Japan. ARIB is an external Ministry of Post and Telecommunication (MPT) affiliate, a recognized standardization organization. The technical requirements of the specification aim to satisfy the needs of users over a wide range of professions, from emergency services to commercial
35、 and industrial organizations. 1.4 Digital integrated mobile radio system (DIMRS) The DIMRS system is one of the methods being used in North America to provide integrated dispatch services and increase spectrum efficiency. 1.5 TETRAPOL system The development of the specifications for TETRAPOL has be
36、en carried out by the TETRAPOL Forum and the TETRAPOL users club. The TETRAPOL specifications aim to satisfy primarily the public safety sector and could be used also by other large private networks and simple private or professional mobile radiocommunications (PMR) networks. 1.6 Enhanced digital ac
37、cess communications system (EDACS) EDACS is an advanced two-way trunked radio system operating on 25 kHz or 12.5 kHz channelization in VHF, UHF, 800 and 900 MHz frequency bands. The development of these standards for the EDACS system is carried out by TIA, a recognized standardization organization.
38、The EDACS specifications provide backward compatibility and interoperability with the existing base of EDACS equipment and systems, globally. EDACS uses a variety of GFSK modulation Rep. ITU-R M.2014-1 5 techniques and supports the following communications modes: digital voice, digital data, encrypt
39、ion of digitized voice, and analogue FM for mutual aid capability. The digital voice mode supports the following call types: group calls, group emergency calls, individual calls, and system all-calls. The EDACS specifications provide features and functions intended on satisfying requirements for pub
40、lic safety, industry, utility and commercial users. 1.7 Frequency hopping multiple access system (FHMA) This FHMA system has been developed in Israel, where a test bed is operating for validation of system evolution. The prime incentive for developing FHMA has been spectral efficiency. The level of
41、spectral efficiency achieved makes it a viable solution for public access mobile radio (PAMR)/PMR services, even when the spectral assignment is extremely small (e.g. 30 frequencies of 25 kHz for unconstrained service coverage). FHMA systems are primarily focused on the PAMR market, and trying to ad
42、dress challenges posed by commercial users. 1.8 CDMA-public access mobile radio (CDMA-PAMR) The CDMA-PAMR deployment option is a viable state-of-the-art digital land mobile radio system that utilizes Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology, running over standardized cdma2000-1x radio networks to provide adv
43、anced digital trunking services to users over variant spectral conditions. The development and publication of the radio standards for CDMA-PAMR systems has been carried out by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-US), a recognized standardization organization. The core network specificat
44、ions are generally based on an evolved ANSI-41 (i.e., TIA/EIA-41) network architecture, but the standards also include the necessary capabilities for operation with an evolved GSM-MAP based core network. The CDMA-PAMR technology and deployments are catering to a substantial demand for standardized a
45、nd flexible digital land mobile abilities and services, including high-speed data and voice services, in particular for national and regional PAMR networks. It provides features and functions intended on satisfying requirements for public safety, industry, utility and commercial users. 1.9 TETRA enh
46、anced data service (TEDS) TEDS has been developed to provide a high-speed data service in response to PMR and PAMR user needs and according to a mandate issued by the ETSI Board to develop TETRA Release 2 standard. The mandate called for a packet data solution that is integrated with existing TETRA1
47、 standard, and has at least a 10-fold increase in data speed over that standard. To ensure maximum compatibility with the TETRA1 protocol, access to TEDS channels is only allowed via the TETRA1 control channel. TEDS physical layer is based on a 4-slot TDMA technique as in TETRA1, but utilizes four n
48、ew modulations, i.e. /8-D8PSK, 4-QAM, 16-QAM and 64-QAM and three new channel BW of 50, 100 and 150 kHz. These provisions plus the use of three channel coding rates offer system planners the flexibility of selecting their required throughput from a wide range extending to beyond 500 kbit/s. TEDS int
49、roduces the use of sub-carriers (8 per each 25 kHz) to the QAM channels in order to combat the effect of multi-path. TEDS also provides for link adaptation in which an algorithm changes modulation type and channel coding rate adaptively to improve link performance under different propagation conditions. TEDS protocol introduces support for the use of “sectored antennas” as a means of extending the range of TEDS channels to that of a TETRA1 channel without a need for additional base station sites. TEDS is an IP packet data service over the air interface
