1、 Report ITU-R BT.2049-4(10/2010)Broadcasting of multimedia and data applications for mobile receptionBT SeriesBroadcasting service(television)ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-fre
2、quency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radioco
3、mmunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of pa
4、tent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also
5、 available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related sate
6、llite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in E
7、nglish by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 1 REPORT ITU-R BT.2049-4*Bro
8、adcasting of multimedia and data applications for mobile reception (Question ITU-R 45/6) (2004-2005-2008-2009-2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 6 2 User requirements . 6 2.1 Types of receiving terminals 7 2.2 Types of usage scenarios 7 2.3 Service requirements from ISDB family use cases 7
9、2.4 Service requirements for DVB-H use cases . 8 2.4.1 The Electronic Service Guide 8 2.4.2 Mobile TV 8 2.4.3 Enhanced mobile TV . 9 2.4.4 Scheduled download of audiovisual content or executable software modules 9 2.4.5 Service purchase, service access and content protection . 9 2.4.6 Roaming . 9 2.
10、4.7 Interference free reception in the mobile environment 9 2.4.8 Long battery lives . 10 2.4.9 Implementation of interactivity 10 2.5 Service requirements for T-DMB use cases . 10 2.5.1 General requirements . 11 2.5.2 Video objects 11 2.5.3 Audio objects associated with the video 11 2.5.4 Auxiliary
11、 data (optional) 11 2.6 Service requirements for Forward Link Only use cases . 11 2.7 Service requirements for DVB-SH use cases . 13 2.8 Service requirements for RAVIS use cases 14 *This Report should be brought to the attention of Radiocommunication Study Group 4 (WP 4A). 2 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 Pag
12、e 3 Types of mobile receivers 14 3.1 Nomadic receivers 14 3.2 Pedestrian receivers 15 3.3 Vehicular receivers . 16 3.4 Vehicular reception using nomadic and pedestrian receivers . 16 3.5 An example of enhanced handheld receivers . 16 4 System characteristics and network planning aspects 17 4.1 Distr
13、ibution network . 17 4.2 Some network planning and radio frequency aspects . 17 4.3 Receiver characteristics 18 4.4 Content manipulation and distribution . 18 4.5 Managing mobility 19 4.6 Error characteristics 19 4.7 Interoperability between mobile telecommunication services and digital broadcasting
14、 services 19 5 Transmission mechanisms for broadcasting of multimedia and data applications for mobile reception . 19 5.1 Transmission mechanism of ISDB family 21 5.2 IP-based services delivery over DVB-H . 23 5.2.1 IP as a content bearer for the broadcasted data 23 5.2.2 Content formats 23 5.3 Tran
15、smission mechanisms of T-DMB 24 5.3.1 System architecture 24 5.3.2 Video service transmission architecture. 25 5.3.3 Video multiplexer architecture . 25 5.3.4 Transport stream specification . 27 5.3.5 Error protection 31 5.3.6 Content formats 31 5.3.7 Scene description specification 35 5.3.8 Graphic
16、s data specification 35 5.4 Transmission mechanisms of FLO . 35 5.5 Transmission mechanisms of DVB-SH 36 5.5.1 DVB-SH link and service layer outline . 37 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 3 Page 5.6 Transmission mechanisms of RAVIS . 39 6 Display patterns on mobile receivers . 40 7 Conclusion 42 Appendix 1 ISDB-
17、T multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception 43 1 Interoperable digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting systems . 43 2 Key features of ISDB-T multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception . 43 3 Service image of ISDB-T multimedia broadcasting for mobile reception . 44 3.1 Examples of 1- or 3-se
18、gment services 44 3.2 Examples of 1- or 13-segment services 47 4 System parameters of ISDB-T multimedia broadcasting system . 49 4.1 Physical layer 49 4.2 Multiplex and transport . 49 4.3 Source coding . 51 Appendix 2 Current Status of T-DMB Services and Advanced T-DMB . 52 1 System overview 52 2 Ma
19、rket status of T-DMB receivers in Korea 52 3 Applications of T-DMB . 54 3.1 Transport protocol expert group . 54 3.2 Broadcast website (BWS) . 56 3.3 Binary format for scenes . 57 3.4 Dynamic label service . 57 3.5 Slideshow 58 3.6 Emergency warning system 58 3.7 Electronic programme guide . 59 3.8
20、Conditional access system 59 4 Advanced T-DMB 60 4.1 Hierarchical modulation . 60 4.2 B mode hierarchical modulation . 61 4.3 Q mode hierarchical modulation 62 4 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 Page 4.4 Constellation ratio . 63 4.5 Turbo code 64 5 Conclusions 65 Appendix 3 The DVB-H Standard EN 302 304: Techno
21、logy highlights commercial deployments 65 1 The DVB-H standard for delivery and reception of content to handheld/mobile terminals . 65 2 Overview of the DVB-H delivery mechanism . 65 2.1 The DVB-H PHY and link layer 66 2.2 The end-to-end system topology 66 2.3 IP-based mobile broadcast services syst
22、ems with DVB-H . 67 3 Schematic picture of IP datacast over DVB-H system and the application of the mobile phone interaction path 68 3.1 DVB-H commercial deployments 68 4 References 69 Appendix 4 Forward Link Only 69 1 Abstract . 69 2 Introduction 70 3 FLO system architecture . 70 3.1 Network Operat
23、ion Centre 70 3.2 FLO transmitters . 71 3.3 IMT-2000 network 71 3.4 FLO-enabled devices 71 4 FLO system overview . 71 4.1 Content acquisition and distribution . 71 4.2 Multimedia and data applications services . 72 4.3 Power consumption optimization . 72 4.4 Wide and local area content 72 4.5 Layere
24、d modulation 73 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 5 Page 5 FLO air interface 73 5.1 Protocol reference model 73 5.1.1 Key features of upper layers 74 5.1.2 Key features of stream layer 74 5.1.3 Key features of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer . 74 5.1.4 Key features of physical layer 74 5.2 FLO air interface fu
25、ndamentals 75 5.2.1 OFDM modulation . 75 5.2.2 Physical layer characteristics . 76 5.2.3 Error correction and coding techniques . 77 5.2.4 Bandwidth requirements 77 5.2.5 Transport mechanisms . 77 6 Candidate frequency bands . 78 7 Conclusion 79 Appendix 5 Digital mobile narrow-band multimedia broad
26、casting system RAVIS (Real-time AudioVisual Information System) . 79 1 General description . 79 2 Technical aspects of RAVIS. 79 2.1 Audio and video codecs, multiplexing . 79 2.2 Content 79 2.3 Channel coding . 81 2.4 Network architecture 83 2.5 Testing 83 2.6 Simulation . 84 Appendix 6 DVB-SH (Sate
27、llite services to handheld devices) Standard EN 302 583 . 86 1 General description . 86 2 Configurations 86 3 Specific issues addressed by DVB-SH . 88 3.1 Reception conditions and DVB-SH features 88 3.2 Combining techniques 90 3.3 Local content insertion . 91 4 Introduction scenarios 92 5 Conclusion
28、 92 6 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 Page Appendix 7 Implementation of interactivity . 93 Appendix 8 Acronyms 94 1 Introduction The analogue-to-digital switchover of terrestrial broadcasting services is under way in all ITU Regions. Some countries have not yet taken a decision when to start, whilst other coun
29、tries have already passed the 50% penetration level of digital TV reception within the household segment. The development of in-vehicle entertainment systems based on stored content such as games, music and movies is about to reach its state of technology maturity. IMT-2000 network offerings have be
30、gun to include on-demand streaming to handsets of TV-news, sports, etc., and specifications within 3GPP/3GPP2 are well under way to include an optimized transport mechanism1for consumption of multimedia content via the IMT-2000 network and associated mobile radio spectrum in multicast mode. The gap
31、still not addressed at ITU level is the predicted large segment of digital broadcasting to handheld terminals via broadcast spectrum in a mobile environment including in-door, in-vehicle and in-transit reception at speeds matching at least IMT-2000 characteristics. Broadcasting of multimedia and dat
32、a applications to mobile devices will also elaborate the expanded service opportunities offered by the inclusion of interactivity through the application of wireless networks such as those of the IMT-2000 family. These developments form the major background for Question ITU-R 45/6 with its request f
33、or a global view on this new market, which is about to emerge around a few major regional standards/specifications. This Report is a first attempt to answer Question ITU-R 45/6 on broadcasting multimedia and data applications for mobile reception. It identifies a number of application and system req
34、uirements for broadcasting of multimedia and data applications for mobile reception that encompass types of mobile receivers, the system characteristics, possible data transmission mechanisms, content formats, interoperability between telecommunication services and digital broadcasting services, and
35、 display patterns. It is recognized that these high-level application and system requirements may be met by a number of different technologies and communications platforms. Several of the systems described in this Report have reached stages of maturity including the result of field trials and prelim
36、inary system specifications. 2 User requirements Specific user requirements in the case of mobile reception of broadcasting multimedia and data arise because of the differences in receiving terminals and usage scenarios. In the following, specific user requirements are highlighted. 13GPP MBMS (Multi
37、media Broadcast Multicast Service); 3GPP2 BCMCS (Broadcast/Multicast Services). Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 7 2.1 Types of receiving terminals Currently the terminals used for the stationary reception of broadcasting signals are either fixed or nomadic. Fixed terminals are, for example, television sets, se
38、t-top-boxes, desktop PCs, etc. Nomadic terminals are devices that may be transferred from place to place but the reception is meant to be stationary. In the mobile reception there are two main types of terminals: handheld or mounted in a vehicle. Especially in the case of handheld devices the user r
39、equirements are very much different from the stationary case. The handheld devices have lower computing power, smaller screens, different user interface, smaller antenna, and limited battery for operation. 2.2 Types of usage scenarios In the stationary reception the terminal and the user do not move
40、, whilst in the mobile reception, both move. Case 1: Neither user nor terminal move (nomadic case). Case 2: User moves and carries the terminal (pedestrian case). Case 3: Terminal and user are moved by a vehicle (vehicular case). These three cases of mobility imply possible different usage scenarios
41、, and consequently different end-user requirements. 2.3 Service requirements from ISDB family use cases The following items have been set as service requirements for the ISDB family including Multimedia System C, Multimedia System E, and Multimedia System F (see Recommendation ITU-R BT.1833). Item 1
42、: For mobile receivers, informative content will be provided using audiovisual streaming and associated data. There are three typical cases in this class. The first one is informative content that provides practical and useful information about a specific geographic area or areas. The second one is
43、broadcasting of traffic information including road traffic data and public transportation information. The third one is local news. Item 2: Streaming video is a distinctive programme in these broadcasting services. For mobile reception, it may be necessary to use medium-speed bit streaming, such as
44、a few hundred kilobits per second, in order to broadcast streaming video with associated sound and data. Because total bit rate per frequency segment (about 500 kHz bandwidth) with the most powerful error-correcting capabilities is about 280 kbit/s, only one streaming video may be provided in a segm
45、ent. Item 3: For vehicular receivers, there are two major services. The first one is informative programme content such as location-oriented information. The second one is real surround stereo sound, because car audio systems could provide real surround stereo sound effects more easily than home aud
46、io systems. Item 4: In addition to real-time applications, non-real-time applications in which multimedia content would be stored in mobile terminals for off-line viewing should be considered. Integration of real-time and non-real-time broadcast applications provide more flexible services. Analysis
47、of these requirements indicates that multimedia and data applications are important even for audiences and/or viewers using mobile receivers. Multimedia and data applications for mobile reception would be a subset of those for fixed reception, however there are a few additional extensions designated
48、 specifically for mobile reception. 8 Rep. ITU-R BT.2049-4 Furthermore, these observations are almost true for the digital satellite sound broadcasting (BSS (sound) system in Japan. Of course, there are several differences in their details due to the differences of their service areas, regional or n
49、ational. However, we observe that the baseline requirements for broadcasting of multimedia and data applications are almost the same for both. 2.4 Service requirements for DVB-H use cases IP-based services delivery over DVB-H (Digital video broadcast handheld) typically consists of an end-to-end content delivery system with both a terrestrial DVB-H broadcast part and a bidirectional mobile cellular (2G/3G) part. The service requirements (in the European market) for broadcast of digital content to
