1、MODEL COURSE SAFE PACKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS (CTUs) (200 1 Edition) COURSE IMO Model Course 3.18 Safe Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs) (2001 Edition) IMO First published in 2001 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Printed by Ashford Open Learni
2、ng Ltd 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 ISBN 92-801 -51 16-9 IMO PUBLICATION I I Sales number T-318E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This course on the Safe Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs) is based on materials developed for IMO under the guidance of the Swedish Maritime Administration (www.sjofartsverket.se). IMO wis
3、hes to express its sincere appreciation to the Swedish Maritime Administration for its valuable assistance and co-operation. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the consultants MariTerm-T ISAB AB (www.mariterm-tisabse), Hgans, Sweden, for developing this model course, and to the Swedish Club and the
4、 Swedish Association of Marine Underwriters for use of their relevant materials. Copyright O IMO 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication maH for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tap
5、e, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization. CONTENTS Foreword Introduction Part A: Course Framework Part B: Course Outline Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus Part D: Instructor Manual APPENDIX OVERHEADS Attachment: Guida
6、nce on the implementation of model courses v 1 3 6 8 24 73 133 iii Foreword Since its inception, the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of human resources in the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority to assisting countries in enhancing
7、 their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has also responded to the needs for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administrations, ports, shipping companies and training institutes by establishing
8、the World Maritime University in Malm, Sweden, in 1983. Following adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, and subsequent amendments thereto, a number of IMO Member Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model t
9、raining courses to assist in the implementation of its conventions and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments. IMOS training advisers and consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments that the provision of model
10、 courses would help instructors to improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance the effectiveness of courses in helping those being trained to comply with the requirements of conventions and the implementation of associated conference and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was ap
11、preciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various fields of training would supplement the instructions provided by maritime academies and other institutions and would allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in administrations, ports and shipping companies t
12、o improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has developed this course in response to these generally identified needs with the generous assistance of Sweden. This model course may be used by any training institution. The Organization is prepared to assist countries in imp
13、lementing this course when the requisite financing is available. W. A. ONEIL Secretary General V Introduction Purpose of IMO model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training institutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in
14、 enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to present instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindl
15、y”, nor is it the intention to substitute audio-visual or “programmed” material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model
16、course material. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and the trainee target group for each course in universally appli
17、cable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. Use of the model course To use this model course, the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, tak
18、ing into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind during this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficul
19、ties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the course, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attaine
20、d by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow training in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-en
21、try course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course. Adjustment of the course objectives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the train
22、ees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which should be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these
23、allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all the entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to reallocate the time required to achieve each specific learning objective. 1 SAFE PACKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS (
24、CTUs) rn Lesson plan Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed t
25、o be used for the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the teaching activities in the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material. Present
26、ation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the trainees have attained each specific learning objective. The syllabus is laid out in teaching activity format with three levels of learning objectives. rn Evaluation or as
27、sessment of trainees progress Guidance on evaluation or assessment of trainees is given in Part D (Instructor Manual) of the course. Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: o properly qualified instructors
28、 o support staff 0 rooms and other spaces o textbooks and technical papers o other reference material 0 equipment for practical exercises 0 packed CTUs for inspection Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has produced “Guidance on the implementation of model
29、 courses”, which deals with this aspect in greater detail and is included as an attachment to this course. 2 Part A: Course Framework Scope This course provides basic training in the safe packing and securing of cargoes in cargo transport units (CTUs). While the use of freight containers, swap-bodie
30、s, vehicles or other cargo transport units substantially reduces the physical hazards to which cargoes are exposed, improper or careless packing of cargoes into/onto such units, or lack of proper blocking, bracing and securing, may be the cause of personnel injuries when they are handled or transpor
31、ted. In addition, serious and costly damages may occur to the cargo or to the equipment. The person who packs and secures cargo into/onto a cargo transport unit (CTU) may be the last person to look inside the unit until it is opened by the consignee at its final destination. Consequently, a great ma
32、ny people in the transport chain will rely on the skills of such persons, such as: o road vehicle drivers and other highway users when the unit is transported on roads 0 rail workers, and others, when the unit is transported by rail o crew members of inland waterway vessels when the unit is transpor
33、ted on inland waterways o handling staff at inland terminals when the unit is transferred from one mode of transport to another o dock workers when the unit is loaded or discharged o crew members of the ship which may be taking the unit through its most severe conditions during the transport operati
34、on 0 those who unpack the unit All persons, such as the above and passengers on board ships, may be at risk from a poorly packed cargo transport unit, particularly one which is carrying dangerous goods. This course in the safe packing of CTUs is essential for those packing and securing the cargo and
35、 those whose task it is to inspect cargo securing and to train people to pack such units. Training is vital if safety standards are to be maintained. Target groups for such training are seldom the people on board ships, the traditional IMO target groups. Instead, training in the safe packing of CTUs
36、 is directed towards the following groups ashore who are preparing the CTUs for transport: O O O O O O O O O packers at industries and inland terminals; stevedores lorry drivers railway workers marine surveyors forwarders authorities inspecting cargo packing and securing other persons working in the
37、 transport chain involved in packing of CTUs; and management at export and transport companies. 3 SAFE PACKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT UNITS (CTUs) Objectives Those who successfully complete this course will thereby be aware of: o the importance of the safe transport and packing of cargoes, commensurate
38、with their duties O the consequences of badly packed and secured cargoes in CTUs o the legal requirements 0 the magnitude of forces which may act on cargoes during road, rail and sea transport o the basic principles of packing and securing of cargoes in CTUs They will further have acquired knowledge
39、 about details concerning specific requirements for the transport and packing of cargoes in CTUs, which are applicable to the functions they perform. Entry standards The course is open to those who have: o experience of cargo handling and transport operations 0 knowledge about the use of CTUs Course
40、 certificate On successful completion of the course, a certificate or diploma should be issued, attesting that the holder has successfully completed the course on basic packing and securing of cargoes in cargo transport units (CTUs). Course intake limitations The number of trainees should normally n
41、ot exceed sixteen. Staff requirements The instructor should have adequate experience in packing and securing of cargoes in CTUs. Teaching facilities and equipment Ordinary classroom facilities with an overhead projector, blackboard or whiteboard are adequate. Different types of cargoes to be used fo
42、r practical training as well as a number of loaded CTUs to inspect and evaluate them. Teaching aids AI OH Instructor Manual (Part D of the course) Overheads (Appendix to this course) 4 PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 T1 H B1 62 IMO references (R) (www.imo.org) IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guidelines fo
43、r Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTUs) (IMO Sales No. IMO-284E) Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (IMO Sales No. IMO-292E) 1994/1995 Amendments to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (IMO Sales No. IMO-295E) IMDG CODE (IMO Sales No. IMO-200E) International
44、Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) (IMO Sales No. IMO-282E) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (IMO Sales No. IMO- 110E) Textbooks (T) Working Book for this course Bibliography (B) P. Andersson and L. Ronge, Cargo Care (MariTerm AB, 1999) (ISBN 91-972346-5-6) (about 250
45、 pages) (www.mariterm.se) TFK Report 1998:2E, Securing of Cargo, Loading and Securing of Cargo on Load Carriers (TFK, 1998) (ISBN 91 -88752-09-7) (about 300 pages) (www.tfk.se) Part B: Course Outline The training is to be based on the different subject areas indicated in the IMO/ILO/UN ECE Guideline
46、s for Packing of Cargo Transport Units, according to the following list: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Consequences of badly packed and secured cargo Responsibilities Forces acting on the cargo during transport Basic principles for cargo packing and securing CTU - types Cargo care consciousness and
47、cargo planning Different methods for cargo packing and securing Equipment for securing and protecting cargo Packing and securing of unitized cargo (bulk) Packing and securing of non-unitized cargo (break-bulk) Packing and securing of paper products Packing and securing of cargo requiring special tec
48、hniques Packing and securing of dangerous goods The following chapters are added: 14 Theoretical exercises 15 Practical exercises 16 Inspections 17 Evaluation The subject areas listed are to be combined in such a way that the training suits the actual target group. Four to five of the areas could be
49、 enough for some groups, while more or all areas may have to be studied by other groups. The approximate training hours shown in the timetable below are proposed for the different subject areas and target groups. Of course the time has to be adjusted depending on the actual group. For groups without former practical experience of cargo handling and transport operations, the hours may have to be doubled. If it is possible to carry out practical exercises as well as inspections of packed units during the course, this has shown to be a very good tool to acquire the understanding of the sub
