1、IES RP-6-15Sports and Recreational Area LightingIES RP-6-15Sports and Recreational Area Lighting Publication of this Recommended Practicehas been approved by IES.Suggestions for revisionsshould be directed to IES.Prepared by:The Sports and Recreational Area Lighting Committee of the Illuminating Eng
2、ineering Society of North AmericaIES RP-6-15Copyright March 30, 2015 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, March 30, 2015, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights reserved. No part of this publica
3、tion may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee cons
4、ensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and com
5、ments. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN # 978-0-87995-311-9DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and inte
6、rests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. The IES
7、disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.In issuing and making this document available, t
8、he IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate,
9、seek the advice of a competent profes-sional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, o
10、r installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES RP-6-15Cover Image: See credits list at the end
11、 of this publication.Prepared by the IES Sports and Recreational Area Lighting CommitteeIES Sports and Recreational Area Lighting CommitteeHeather Johnson, ChairDave Barker, Vice ChairClark Douglass, SecretaryRP Task ForceR. Owens, ChairJ. Armstrong*D. BarkerC. FoteJ. Giblock*P. HuntH. JohnsonT. Lem
12、onsL. MacInnesD. McLeanM. MershonM. OwensM. ZuckermanJ. Armstrong*D. Crawford*J. Linkon Dixon*C. FoteJ. Giblock*T. Hill*P. HuntJ. Kirchner*T. LemonsB. Liebel*C. Lines*L. Livingston*L. MacInnesD. Maikowski*D. McLeanM. MershonJ. Mikel*M. Owens*R. OwensN. PageM. Zukerman* Advisory* Honorary MemberIES R
13、P-6-15IES RP-6-15Please refer to the IES Bookstore after you purchase this IES Standard, for possible Errata, Addenda, and Clarifications, www.ies.org/bookstoreContents1.0 Introduction 12.0 Lighting Fundamentals and Principles 12.1 Illuminance 12.2 Uniformity .12.2.1 Uniformity Ratio (UR) .22.2.2 Co
14、efficient of Variation (CV) 22.2.3 Uniformity Gradient (UG) 32.3 Glare 32.4 Color Rendering Index (CRI) 42.5 Color Contrast43.0 Venue Types 43.1 Arenas 43.2 Covered Stadiums (Domes) .53.3 Athletic Fields 63.4 Field Houses .63.5 Gymnasiums .63.6 Pools .74.0 Design Factors and Considerations 74.1 Type
15、s of Sports .74.1.1 Aerial Sports.74.1.2 Ground Level Sports 74.2 Players Skill and Performance 84.3 Spectators .84.4 Classification of Play 84.5 Broadcasting .94.6 Energy Conservation 94.7 Life Cycle Cost Analysis .94.8 Design Considerations104.8.1 Interior Design Considerations104.8.2 Outdoor Desi
16、gn Considerations .114.8.3 Obtrusive Light 134.8.3.1 Spill light134.8.3.2 Sky Glow .134.8.3.3 Glare.144.9 Field Light Level Measurements 145.0 Equipment Considerations.145.1 Energy Efficiency 145.2 Controls 155.3 Light Sources .165.3.1 Metal Halide .165.3.2 Fluorescent 175.3.3 Light Emitting Diode (
17、LED) 17IES RP-6-155.4 Luminaires 175.4.1 Beam Types .185.4.2 Ballasts .185.4.3 Luminaire Shielding .195.5 Underwater Luminaires .196.0 Power and Wiring 196.1 Utility Power 196.2 Service .196.3 Electrical Distribution.207.0 Indoor Lighting Applications .207.1 Animal Shows .207.2 Archery.217.3 Basketb
18、al .217.4 Billiards and Pool 227.5 Bowling 227.6 Boxing and Wrestling .237.7 Cheerleading - See Gymnastics 237.8 Curling .237.9 Darts .247.10 Fencing 247.11 Golf- Indoor Driving Range 24 7.12 Gun Shooting Ranges 247.13 Gymnastics .257.14 Handball, Racquetball, and Squash .257.15 Ice/Roller Hockey 26
19、7.16 Jai Alai .267.17 Judo See Boxing and Wrestling.267.18 Karate See Boxing and Wrestling .267.19 Rodeo 267.20 Running Track .277.21 Shuffleboard 277.22 Skating (Ice Figure).277.23 Skating (Ice and Inline Speed)277.24 Skating (Roller - Quad or Inline) 287.25 Indoor Soccer/Arena Football 287.26 Swim
20、ming (Water Sports) .287.27 Table Tennis.307.28 Tennis307.29 Track Cycling327.30 Volleyball .328.0 Lighting for Outdoor Sports 328.1 Archery.328.2 Badminton (see Volleyball) 338.3 Baseball 338.4 Basketball 34 8.5 Bicycle Racing.35IES RP-6-158.6 Bicycle Motocross (BMX) Racing .358.7 Cricket .368.8 Do
21、g Racing .368.9 Drag Racing.378.10 Football 388.11 Golf Courses 388.12 Golf Driving Ranges 408.13 Handball, Racquetball and Squash418.14 Horse Racing428.15 Ice/Roller Hockey 438.16 Ice Skating (Speed).438.17 Lacrosse .438.18 Lawn Bowling .438.19 Motor Racing 448.20 Platform Tennis 458.21 Polo .458.2
22、2 Shooting Ranges.458.23 Rodeo and Animal Shows .458.24 Skate Parks .468.25 Skeet and Trap Shooting 478.26 Skiing 478.27 Soccer488.28 Softball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.29 Swimming 498
23、.30 Tennis 498.31 Track and Field 508.32 Volleyball / Badminton 518.33 Specialty Sports .518.33.1 Broomball 518.33.2 Night Fishing .518.33.3 Golf (Miniature)518.33.4 Horseshoes 518.33.5 Quoits .518.33.6 Shuffleboard 519.0 Illumination Level Tables 52Annex A Calculations by Computer .58Annex B Design
24、 Considerations and Floodlight Aiming .60Annex C - Floodlight Aiming Methods62Annex D Field Measurements .65Annex E Care and Maintenance .69Annex F Lighting Economics70Annex G Lighting Terms73References 80Image Credits 81IES RP-6-151IES RP-6-151.0 INTRODUCTIONOver the years, there have been increase
25、s in the demand for both indoor and outdoor sports facili-ties. To meet the increase in demand, lighting is a cost effective way to extend hours of play dur-ing hours of darkness. Lighting is also required for indoor sporting facilities during the day. With increasing power and operational costs, en
26、ergy efficiency should be a key consideration when designing a lighting system.The purpose of IES RP-6-15 Sports and Recreational Area Lighting is to provide the reader with recommendations to aid in the design of sports lighting systems. Popular sports, such as baseball, tennis, basketball and foot
27、ball as well as recreational social activities, such as horseshoe pitching and croquet are covered. Venues for spectators of amateur, collegiate, and professional sports are complex facilities that should provide not only for the spectators, but also the equipment used in modern sports broadcasting.
28、 This docu-ment does not address those needs, so the reader should look for guidance from the sports league or the project consultant.There are some sports activities which are purely social or recreational and may not require even the minimum Class IV light levels needed (refer to Section 4.4), pub
29、lished in this document. The facil-itys owner can use discretion to provide adequate lighting for safe and effective participation in those activities.IES RP-6-15 consists of several sections. They include: Lighting Fundamentals and Principals Design Factors and Considerations, Power, Wiring and Con
30、trols, Indoor Lighting Applications Outdoor Lighting Applications, Appendices describing methods of calculation, equipment installation, measurement, maintenance, economic analysis, a glossary of lighting terms, and a bibliography that pertains to sports lighting designSports lighting systems consum
31、e power which over time can be significant, and IES RP-6-15 defines methods for maximizing energy efficiency.2.0 LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS AND PRINCIPALSThe goal of lighting for sports is to provide an appro-priate luminous environment that contributes to the visibility of the playing target (ball), the
32、 competitors and the surrounding backgrounds. To achieve this objective, both quantitative and qualitative factors of illumination should be considered: Quantity of Illumination - The recommended quantity of illuminance is defined by the maintained average horizontal and/or vertical illuminance leve
33、ls. Quality of Illumination - The recommended quality of illuminance is defined by factors such as Uniformity Ratio (UR), Uniformity Gradient (UG) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). In addition the designer should also consider direct and reflected glare; Color Rendering Index (CRI), Color Contrast
34、(CC) and modeling.Lighting needs are determined by two distinct crite-ria; the needs of the players/participants, and those of the spectators at the farthest distance from the field of play.The illuminance levels recommended in IES RP-6-15 are based on a majority age population of the players and sp
35、ectators, i.e., between 25-65 years of age, unless otherwise stated (for additional details on vision and illumination, refer to the IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition, Chapter 4 Perceptions and Performance).2.1 IlluminanceHorizontal illuminance (Eh) is a measure of luminous flux density (lumens pe
36、r square meter) reaching a horizontal surface, normally taken in a plane 1 meter above or at the playing surface. Horizontal illumi-nance is the normal design criteria for two main rea-sons. First, horizontal illuminance values are easy to compute and to measure; second, there is usually only one se
37、lected horizontal plane, whereas there could be several vertical planes.Vertical illuminance (Ev) is a measure of luminous flux density (lumens per square meter) reaching the plane of a vertical surface. It should be noted that for most aerial sports the playing object is played and viewed in the ai
38、r rather than on the ground.Average Illuminance - is the arithmetic average of a set of calculation points or readings taken over a specified area at a specific time. Illuminance values 2IES RP-6-15may be achieved in some indoor applications with a combination of daylighting (see Section 2.3 Glare)
39、and electric lighting.Maintained Average Illumination - levels are aver-age illumination level readings taken at a point of time after installation and include recover-able and non-recoverable Light Loss Factors. The maintained average illumination levels shall be calculated by including Light Loss
40、Factors based on a selected point in the future. In this document the recommendations are based on providing adequate quantity and quality to ensure the sports playing surface has a luminous environment that positively contributes to the participants perfor-mance and spectators needs.ILLUMINANCE LEV
41、ELS CITED IN THE PUBLICATION ARE MAINTAINED AVERAGE OVER THE AREA OF COVERAGE FOR THE TASK (APPLICATION). The maintained average illuminance levels are values which the lighting sys-tem should always meet or exceed.To ensure good visual performance for players and spectators over the life of the ven
42、ue, it is recom-mended that the illuminance levels on the playing surface be periodically measured to ensure that the levels do not fall below recommended levels. A recommended interval for testing is either at 20 per cent of rated lamp life or every other year regardless of spot relamping. (i.e., f
43、or a 3000 hour rated life the readings should be at 600 hours, 1200 hours, 1800 hours and 2400 hours of operation.)Light Loss Factors (LLF) are factors that affect the quantity of light that reaches the task from the light source. It includes Recoverable and Non-Recoverable components. The Recoverab
44、le factors include factors such as Luminaire Dirt Depreciation (LDD), and Lamp Lumen Depreciation (LLD) that can be recovered when lights are cleaned and re-lamped. Non-Recoverable factors include factors such as voltage drop, Field Factor or optical degra-dation. A value can be added during design
45、/calcu-lation to account for these factors in order to better match calculated values with measured values. In order to achieve the recommended “maintained” light levels as the system ages, the maintenance interval becomes shorter due to the increasing non-recoverable light loss factors. This mainte
46、nance interval is dependent on local environmental condi-tions and the operational characteristics of the light-ing system.The recommended maintained average illuminance levels for various sports in Sections 7 and 8 repre-sent values which include light loss factors (refer to Annex G Lighting Terms
47、for further information on light loss factors). The designer may choose to select any LLF, however it is recommended the choice be supported with sound logic and test data.Initial average illuminance calculations should be run for new lighting installations to assess the system performance. Field me
48、asurements of initial average illuminance taken on a just-completed installation are required for comparison with the computer-calculated values.2.2 UniformityUniformity is a measure of relationships of the illu-minance over an area. It is used to understand the distribution of light on a surface. A
49、 uniformity ratio nearer to 1:1 would produce a distribution of light that would appear smooth and avoid any areas where the illumination levels are too low which could affect the visual performance of the players. The uniformity ratio not only helps to ensure that the illuminated area is uniform in appearance but also helps to ensure that the playing surface has the proper amount of illumination necessary for the visual needs of the players and spectators.This is particularly important for high-speed sports on a large playing field, such as baseball, football,
