1、First Edition 2009Doc 9906AN/472International Civil Aviation OrganizationApproved by the Secretary Generaland published under his authorityQuality Assurance Manualfor Flight Procedure DesignVolume 1Flight Procedure DesignQuality Assurance SystemCopyright International Civil Aviation Organization Pro
2、vided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 990
3、6 AN/472 Approved by the Secretary Generaland published under his authority First Edition 2009 International Civil Aviation Organization Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design _ Volume 1 Flight Procedure Design Quality Assurance System Copyright International Civil Aviation Organizatio
4、n Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(ii) Published in separate English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic and Chinese editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montral, Quebe
5、c, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int First edition 2009 Doc 9906, Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design Volume 1 Flight Procedure Design Quality Assurance System Order Numbe
6、r: 9906-1 ISBN 978-92-9231-337-1 ICAO 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. Copyright International Civi
7、l Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(iii) AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the
8、 ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleN
9、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(v) 1. Preface The Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Pro
10、cedure Design (Doc 9906) consists of four volumes: Volume 1 Flight Procedure Design Quality Assurance System; Volume 2 Flight Procedure Designer Training; Volume 3 Flight Procedure Design Software Validation; and Volume 4 Flight Procedure Design Construction. Instrument flight procedures based on co
11、nventional ground-based navigational aids have always demanded a high level of quality control. The implementation of area navigation and associated airborne database navigation systems, however, means that even small errors in data can lead to catastrophic results. This significant change in data q
12、uality requirements (accuracy, resolution and integrity) has led to the need for a systemic quality assurance process (often part of a State Safety Management System). The Procedures for Air Navigation Services Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168) Volume II, Part 1, Section 2, Chapter 4, Quality
13、 Assurance refers to this manual and requires that a State take measures to “control” the quality of the processes associated with the construction of instrument flight procedures. To this end, this manual has been assembled to provide guidance in attaining these stringent requirements for quality a
14、ssurance in the procedure design process. All four volumes address crucial areas related to the attainment, maintenance and continual improvement of procedure design quality. Data quality management, procedure designer training, and validation of software are all integral elements of a quality assur
15、ance programme. Volume 1 Flight Procedure Design Quality Assurance System provides guidance for quality assurance in the elements of procedure design, such as procedure design documentation, verification and validation methods, and guidelines about the acquisition/processing of source information/da
16、ta. It also provides a generic process flow diagram for the design and implementation of flight procedures. Volume 2 Flight Procedure Designer Training provides guidance for the establishment of flight procedure designer training. Training is the starting point for any quality assurance programme. T
17、his volume provides guidance for the establishment of a training programme. Volume 3 Flight Procedure Design Software Validation provides guidance for the validation (not certification) of procedure design tools, notably with regard to criteria. Volume 4 Flight Procedures Design Construction (to be
18、incorporated later). Note. In the independent volumes, when a reference is made to the term “manual” in the context of this document, without any further specification, it is presumed to refer to this volume of the Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design. _ Copyright International Civil
19、 Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
20、cense from IHS-,-,-(vii) 2. Table of Contents 1. Preface . (v) 2. Table of Contents (vii) 3. Abbreviations 1 4. Definitions . 2 5. Foreword . 3 5.1 Overview 3 5.2 The need for quality. 3 5.3 Purpose and scope of the manual . 6 6. Instrument Flight Procedure process 8 6.1 Overview 8 6.2 Output of the
21、 quality process . 8 6.3 Process description . 9 6.4 Related processes. 14 6.4.1 Supporting processes 14 6.4.2 Upstream and downstream process 15 7. Step-by-step description of activities within the process . 17 7.1 Initiation (Step 1) 17 7.1.1 Stakeholders 17 7.1.2 Required information . 17 7.1.3 A
22、pproval of request 18 7.1.4 Documentation. 18 7.2 Collect and validate all data (Step 2) . 18 7.2.1 User requirements . 19 7.2.2 Data/metadata inputs to the procedure design process. 20 7.2.3 Data quality requirements 20 7.2.4 Procedure design data acquisition. 20 7.2.5 Data sources and supplier sta
23、tus. 20 7.2.6 Incoming data verification and validation . 21 7.2.7 Documentation. 21 7.3 Create conceptual design (Step 3) 21 7.4 Review by stakeholders (Step 4) . 22 7.5 Apply criteria (Step 5) 22 7.5.1 Criteria . 22 7.5.2 Methods and tools . 22 7.5.3 Design methods. 23 7.6 Document and store (Step
24、 6). 24 7.7 Conduct safety activities (Step 7) 24 7.7.1 Safety concepts . 24 7.7.2 Implication of safety in the flight procedure design process. 26 7.7.3 Safety implications for new procedures . 27 7.7.4 Safety team 27 7.7.5 Examples. 27 7.8 Conduct ground validation and criteria verification (Step
25、8). 27 7.9 Conduct flight validation and data verification (Step 9) 28 7.9.1 Flight Inspection and flight validation . 28 7.9.2 Data verification. 29 7.10 Consult with Stakeholders (Step 10) 29 7.11 Approve IFP (Step 11) . 29 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under
26、license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(viii) Quality Assurance Manual for Flight Procedure Design Volume I 7.12 Create draft publication (Step 12) 29 7.13 Verify draft publication (Step 13) 30 7.14 Publish IFP (Step 14). 30 7.15 Obtain fe
27、edback from stakeholders (Step 15) . 30 7.16 Conduct continuous maintenance (Step 16) 30 7.17 Conduct periodic review (Step 17). 31 Appendices A.1 Quality process documentation .App A-1 A.1.1 Process objective and description .App A-1 A.1.2 Quality records.App A-2 A.2 Key Performance Indicators App
28、A-3 A.2.1 How an organization defines and measures progress toward its goals .App A-3 A.2.2 What are Key Performance Indicators (KPI)App A-3 A.2.3 Key Performance Indicators must be quantifiableApp A-4 A.2.4 Key Performance Indicators must be essential to organizational success.App A-4 A.2.5 Key Per
29、formance Indicators in IFP App A-4 B.1 Flight validation pilot training and evaluation .App B-1 B.2 Initial training .App B-1 B.2.1 Knowledge of information in PANS-OPS, Volumes I and II, and other related ICAO provisions .App B-1 B.2.2 Knowledge and skills in ground and flight validation of procedu
30、res.App B-2 B.3 Recurrent training .App B-3 C.1 Generic safety argument for ATM safety assessment App C-1 C.1.1 Intrinsic safety of the concept (Argument 1.1). App C-2 C.1.2 Design completeness (Argument 1.2). App C-2 C.1.3 Design correctness (Argument 1.3) App C-3 C.1.4 Design robustness (Argument
31、1.4) . App C-3 C.1.5 Mitigation of internal failures (Argument 1.5) App C-4 D.1 Example of a safety application (EUR RVSM) App D-1 D.1.1 RVSM safety criteria . App D-1 D.1.2 Intrinsic safety of RVSM concept App D-1 D.1.3 RVSM design completeness. App D-2 D.1.4 RVSM design correctness App D-2 D.1.5 R
32、VSM design robustness . App D-2 D.1.6 Mitigation of RVSM internal failures App D-2 D.2 Time-based separation. App D-3 D.2.1 TBS safety criterion App D-3 D.2.2 Intrinsic safety of TBS concept . App D-3 D.2.3 TBS design completeness App D-3 D.2.4 TBS design correctness App D-4 D.2.5 TBS design robustn
33、ess. App D-4 D.2.6 Mitigation of TBS internal failures . App D-4 _ Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1 3. Abbreviations AIP Aeronautical Information Publication
34、 AIRAC Aeronautical information regulation and control AIS Aeronautical information service ANS Air navigation services ANSP Air navigation service provider ATC Air traffic control ATCO Air traffic control officer ATM Air traffic management ATS Air traffic services CAA Civil aviation authority CAD C
35、omputer aided design CNS Communication, Navigation and Surveillance COTS Commercial off the shelf CVSM Conventional vertical separation minimum DBS Distance-based separation FAA Federal Aviation Administration FPD Flight procedure design HMI Human machine interface ICAO International Civil Aviation
36、Organisation IFP Instrument flight procedure ILS Instrument landing system ISO International Standards Organisation MAC Mid-air collision MASPS Minimum aircraft system performance specification OAS Obstacle assessment surface OJT On-the-job training QMS Quality management system RNAV Area navigation
37、 RNP Required navigation performance RT Radiotelephony RVSM Reduced vertical separation minimum SARPS Standards and Recommended Practices SKA Skills, knowledge and attitude STCA Short-term conflict alert TBS Time-based separation TLS Target level of safety TR Training record WVE Wake vortex encounte
38、r _ Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2 4. Definitions Consultation. A conference between two or more people to consider a particular question. Conceptual desig
39、n. High-level graphical and/or textual description of the designers interpretation of the stakeholders requirements. Designer. A person adequately trained who performs the design of an instrument flight procedure. Flight procedure design. The complete package that includes all the considerations tha
40、t went into the development of an instrument flight procedure. Flight procedure design process. The process which is specific to the design of instrument flight procedures leading to the creation or modification of an instrument flight procedure. Instrument flight procedure. A description of a serie
41、s of predetermined flight manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments, published by electronic and/or printed means. Instrument flight procedure process. The overarching process from data origination to the publication of an instrument flight procedure. Integrity (aeronautical data). A degree of a
42、ssurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost or altered since the data origination or authorized amendment. Process. A set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs (see ISO 9000:2000 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, s
43、ection 3.4.1); hence “flight procedure design (FPD) process” or “instrument flight procedure process”. Procedure. A specified way to carry out an activity or a process (see ISO 9000:2000 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, section 3.4.5). Quality record. Objective evidence which
44、shows how well a quality requirement is being met or how well a quality process is performing. Quality records normally are audited in the quality evaluation process. Review. An activity undertaken to determine the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the subject matter to achieve established
45、objectives (see ISO 9000:2000 Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, section 3.8.7). Validation. Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled (see Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Ser
46、vices).The activity whereby a data element is checked as having a value that is fully applicable to the identity given to the data element, or a set of data elements that is checked as being acceptable for their purpose. Verification. Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that s
47、pecified requirements have been fulfilled (see Annex 15).The activity whereby the current value of a data element is checked against the value originally supplied. _ Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
48、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3 5. Foreword 5.1 OVERVIEW The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is charged with the duty of promoting the safety, efficiency and economy of international air transportation. The instrument flight procedure (IFP) is an essential component of the aviation system. Every day and during every flight, thousands of aircraft around the wo
