1、DOC 91 84-AN1902 5/8/03 CORRIGENDUM (WS) AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL Part 2 - Land Use and Environmental Control Third Edition - 2002 CORRIGENDUM 1. Please replace existing pages 2-3,4-1,5-6,6-3, and A4-1 by the attached new pages dated 5/8/03 bearing the notation Cori Record the entry of this corrigend
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15、d, Manchester M22 5LH 1 I02 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, r
16、eprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9184 AN1902 Airport Planning Manual Part 2 Land Use and En
17、vironmental Control Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Third Edition - 2002 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with
18、out license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS No. The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a recor
19、d of such amendments. Date Entered by RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS Entered by CORRIGENDA Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword The purpos
20、e of this part of the manual is to provide guidance material on land-use planning in the vicinity of airports and on environmental control regarding airport development and operations. It was originally based on conclusions of the Special Meeting on Aircraft Noise in the Vicinity of Aerodromes held
21、in 1969 and on the current practices of several States. It incorporates guidance material on airport environmental aspects as recommended by the Eighth Air Navigation Conference held in 1974. “Land-use Planning” and “Environmental Control” are terms of relevance used by airport planners for planning
22、 the airport and its environs with a view to ensuring the safety of aircraft operations. Since these issues have evolved considerably in recent years, it was necessary to update the information included in previous editions of the manual. This publication reflects updates from the Committee on Aviat
23、ion Environmental Protection (CAEP) Working Group II that were presented to CAEP 4, held in Montreal on 6-8 April 1998. Further updates have since been added and this final version of the manual was approved at the CAEP Steering Group meeting in June/July 1999. It is intended that the manual be kept
24、 up to date. Future editions will be improved based on the results of the work of ICAO and of comments and suggestions received from the users of this manual. Readers are therefore invited to give their views, comments and suggestions on this edition. These should be directed to the Secretary Genera
25、l of ICAO. The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montral, Quebec H3C 5H7 Canada (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
26、IHS-,-,-Table of Contents Chapter 1 . General . 1.1 1.2 The need for environmental control . 1.3 The airport and its environs . The need for land-use planning Chapter 2 . with aviation activities Environmental impacts associated 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 General Aircraft noise . Air quality in
27、 the vicinity of airports Global environmental problems arising from airport use . Environmental problems arising from construction and expansion of airports or associated infrastructure Water and soil pollution in the vicinity of airports Waste at airports Environmental problems arising from aircra
28、ft accidentdincidents involving dangerous goods and emergency procedures . Chapter 3 . control measures . Environmental consequences and 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 General Noise abatement Air pollution control . Water pollution control . Waste management Environmental emergencies of airport
29、 development projects Environmental management . Energy management . Environmental impact assessment 3.9.1 Environmental management 3.9.2 Environmental management . activities system - IS0 14000 and EMS . Page 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 2-1 2- 1 2- 1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 3-1 3- 1 3- 1 3-3 3-4 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-
30、9 3-10 3-10 3-11 Chapter 4 . Land use 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 General Natural land use Agricultural land use . Highways and railways . Recreational land use Municipal utilities . Commercial land use . Industrial land use . Residential and institutional land use Chapter 5 . Land-use plann
31、ing 5.1 General 5.2 Assessing noise for land-use planning . 5.3 Noise zones and associated maximum noise indices . 5.4 Risk of aircraft accidents around airports 5.4.1 Introduction . 5.4.2 The Netherlands experience: Method for assessing third party risk around airports . Definitions of third party
32、risk . Methodology used to calculate third party risk 5.4.3 The Netherlands experience: 5.4.4 The Netherlands experience: 5.5 5.6 Land uses within noise zones and Review of land-use measures with respect to aircraft noise in various countries . high risk zones . Chapter 6 . Land Use Administration 6
33、.1 6.2 General Land-use control systems . 6.2.1 Introduction . 6.2.2 Planning instruments Page 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-3 5-1 5-1 5- 1 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-6 5-6 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-2 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for R
34、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(vi) Airport Planning Manual Page Page 6.2.3 Mitigating instruments. 6-3 4 Land-use planning in Brazil Al-4 6.2.4 Financial instruments. . 6-5 Appendix 2. Land-use guidelines for the avoidance of bird hazards A2-1 Appendix 1.
35、Cases of effective land use management around airports Al-1 . 1 AmsterdadSchiphol Airport, 2 3 Land-use management around Appendix 3. measures related to airports, as practiced in various countries A3-1 Fact sheets on land-use planning the Netherlands. Al-1 The Australian experience - Land-use plann
36、ing around airports . Al -2 Washington Dulles International AirportllJnited States Al-4 Appendix 4. Bibliography. . A4-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapt
37、er 1 General 1.1 THE AIRPORT AND ITS ENVIRONS 1.1.1 The compatibility of an airport with its environs is an ideal that can be achieved by proper planning of the airport, control of pollution-generating sources, and land- use planning of the area surrounding the airport. The aim is to provide the bes
38、t possible conditions for the needs of the airport, the community in the surrounding area and the ecology of the environment. 1.1.2 Airport planning must be recognized as an integral part of an area-wide comprehensive planning programme. The location, size and configuration of the airport need to be
39、 coordinated with patterns of residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural and other land uses of the area, taking into account the effects of the airport on people, flora, fauna, the atmosphere, water courses, air quality, soil pollution and other facets of the environment. 1.1.3 Within the co
40、mprehensive planning framework, airport development and operations should be coordinated with the planning, policies and programmes for the area where the airport is located. In this way, the social and economic impact, along with the environmental effects of the airport, can be evaluated to ensure
41、to the greatest extent possible that the airport environs are compatible with the airport and, conversely, that the physical development and use of the airport is compatible with the existing and proposed patterns of land use. To the extent that technical considerations permit a choice, decisions on
42、 runway align- ment and other airport development should take into account their potential effects on the environment in order to prevent or minimize environmental conflicts. In effect, “land-use control” is a term which describes only a portion of the total planning process, and even highly innovat
43、ive controls can have little impact unless they are imposed within the context of sound policies and careful planning. “Land-use planning” or “planning for compatible land uses which takes into account the needs of airport development” more adequately describes the process of achieving an optimum re
44、lationship between an airport and its environs. 1.2 THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 1.2.1 In recent years there has been increased public concern regarding the protection of the environment from the impact of transportation, and consequently, a growing emphasis on the need to employ effective mea
45、sures to minimize such impacts. Since pollution may be generated within an airport as well as within the area surrounding it, environmental controls should be applied at the airport and its environs. 1.2.2 The environment has been defined as including: a) air, land and water; b) all layers of the at
46、mosphere; c) all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms; and d) the interacting natural systems referred to in a) to c). Since all of these components interact, disruption to one may have a profound effect on the entire system. Therefore, to lessen local and global impacts, it is importan
47、t that the entire civil aviation industry endeavours to control harmful emissions. 1.2.3 Pollution occumng in and around the airport has the potential to affect not only the immediate area, but also the surrounding areas. Because it can have an effect on human health and the ecology of the surroundi
48、ng area, efforts should therefore be made towards pollution preven- tion. Environmental controls thus provide a means of either decreasing pollution at the source or reducing the potential for negative environmental impacts. Controls such as air and water quality guidelines, aircraft engine noise li
49、mits, waste management pians, environmental emergency plans, and environmental management plans are necessary. 1-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1-2 Airport Planning M
