1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Test Procedure GMW16712 Surface Scanning and H-Point Manikin - Seat Interaction Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 14 1 Scope Note: Nothing in this standard superc
2、edes applicable laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Purpose. This document provides the procedures for the Three-Dimensional (3-D) surface scanning of seats for Computer Aided Design (CAD) ana
3、lysis. 1.2 Foreword. 1.3 Applicability. These test procedures apply to complete seat systems (production seats or prototypes built at the intended manufacturing quality). 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifica
4、tions. SAE J826 SAE J2732 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW16710 GMW16719 2.3 Additional References. None. 3 Resources 3.1 Facilities. Testing area must have a flat, level surface where the vehicle or test fixture can be set up and the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) can be securely fixed in p
5、osition so as not to allow movement during testing. 3.2 Equipment. 3.2.1 Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). 3.2.2 Three-Dimensional (3-D) Laser Scanner. 3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. A complete seat, mounted in the vehicle or suitable buck. 3.4 Test Time. Calendar time: 0.75 day Test hours: 4 hours
6、Coordination hours: 2 hours 3.5 Test Required Information. Not applicable. 3.6 Personnel/Skills. Test requires an engineer or technician capable of operating the testing machinery and processing the recorded data. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors Com
7、panyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 2 of 14 4 Procedure 4.1 Preparation. Prior to the surface scanning of the seat cushion, seat bac
8、k and head restraint, the seats H-Point must be found. For all General Motors vehicles the GMW16710 H-Point procedure shall be used. For competitive/non-GM seats the GMW16719 H-Point procedure shall be used. The H-Point, along with the thigh angle, torso angle, and heel point should be recorded and
9、saved in the file that will be used when scanning the seat. The seat must not be adjusted once H-Point has been recorded. Note: On certain surface finishes, such as chrome or very shiny surfaces, the surface scanning attachment may have difficulty picking up the returning signal and thus will not fu
10、nction correctly. To allow the scanner to read shiny surfaces, such as chrome, it is necessary to cover the surface with fine powder to remove glare. 4.2 Conditions. 4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Not applicable. 4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have be
11、en agreed upon. Such requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc. 4.3 Instructions. Surface Scanning Procedure. 4.3.1 Preferred Method. Establish a coordinate system and align points to coordinate system. The coordinate system should be referenced in approp
12、riate vehicle coordinates according to the H-Point procedure used. For all General Motors vehicles the GMW16710 shall be used. For competitive/non-GM vehicles the GMW16719 shall be used. Figure 1 has an example of vehicle coordinates. Note: This alignment with the coordinate system allows the seat t
13、o be scanned while mounted on a buck outside the vehicle if the locations of seat hard points are known. 4.3.1.1 Alternative Method. If it is not possible to establish a coordinate system that aligns to vehicle coordinates, scanning must be more extensive. The seat tracks and as much of the frame an
14、d adjusters as possible should be scanned to allow proper scan alignment in CAD. In addition, as an independent control, once the H-point manikin is in the appropriate position, scan the seat and manikin. The manikin can then be removed and the un-occupied seat scanned. 4.3.2 Refer to GMW16710 or GM
15、W16719 to measure H-Point, thigh angle and torso angle. 4.3.3 With the surface scanning attachment, scan each of the three surfaces of the seat: seat cushion, seat back and head restraint. It is important to ensure that the entire surface is scanned without any holes in the data. See Figure 2 for an
16、 example seat scan. 4.3.4 Clean up the scan data by removing any extraneous scanned surfaces. 4.3.5 Create polygonal model. 4.3.6 Save the points, lines, and planes used for seat positioning and H-Point measurement (e.g., thigh line, torso line, H-Point, seat back pivot, head restraint post, ball of
17、 foot, heel point, etc.,) shall be saved as a .igs (iges) file. Note: Scan data of the seat frame and manikin positioned in the seat is also sufficient. 4.3.7 Save the three surfaces (seat cushion, seat back, and head restraint) as .stl or .jt files. Figure 1: Example of Vehicle Coordinates Copyrigh
18、t General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 3 of 14 Figure 2:
19、Example of Scanned Seat 5 Data 5.1 Calculations. Not applicable. 5.2 Interpretation of Results. 5.2.1 Prerequisite GM Worldwide Standards. GMW16710 GMW16719 5.2.2 Scan Alignment. 5.2.2.1 Frame Aligned. The surface is left in the scan position, no alignment or modifications are made provided that the
20、 setup was done to vehicle coordinates. The frame points that were recorded in the GMW16710 procedure must remain in the released scan data to ensure proper alignment with the math frame points. 5.2.2.2 Occupant Aligned. Each surface (scan or math/CAD) needs to be aligned separately using the measur
21、ed H-Point, torso angle line, and thigh angle line alignment defined below. 5.2.2.2.1 Aligning Seat Cushions. Align seat cushions by matching the measured H-Point and thigh angle lines from each cushion to one common thigh angle line and H-Point. To align the thigh angle lines, it will likely be nec
22、essary to rotate the seat cushions about the common H-Point. 5.2.2.2.2 Aligning Seat Backs and Head Restraints. The seat back and head restraint are to be aligned by matching the measured H-Point and torso angle lines from each seat back and head restraint to one common torso angle line and H-Point.
23、 To align torso angle lines, it will likely to rotate the seat backs and head restraints about the common H-Point. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE
24、 ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 4 of 14 5.2.2.2.3 Aligning SAE J826 H-Point Manikin (HPM) to Seats. The scan of the H-Point manikin used to perform the H-point measurement should be aligned with the A-Surface scans to gauge the
25、 interaction of the manikin with the seat. This alignment is done similar to the way the seat backs and seat cushions were aligned. a. The Back Form of the manikin shall be aligned using the torso angle line and H-Point. b. The Buttock Form of the manikin shall be aligned using the thigh angle line
26、and H-Point. 5.2.2.3 Using the Appropriate Alignment. The alignment that should be used is based on the aspects of the seat that of interest. Table 1 contains various measurements of interest and which alignment technique should be used. Table 1: Alignment to be Used Based on Measurement of Interest
27、 Measurement of Interest Alignment to Use Overall Width Frame Aligned Insert Width Frame Aligned Bolster Height Frame Aligned Bolster Asymmetry Frame Aligned Overall Length Frame Aligned Deviation from CAD surface Frame Aligned Deflection Occupant Aligned Bolster Exit Occupant Aligned Thigh Exit Occ
28、upant Aligned Upper Back Exit Occupant Aligned Seat Position Differences Occupant Aligned Knee Room (2nd row) Differences (Competitor to GM) Occupant Aligned Contour Differences (Competitor to GM) Occupant Aligned Meat-to-Metal Differences (Competitor to GM) Occupant Aligned Head Restraint Backset D
29、ifferences (Competitor to GM) Occupant Aligned 5.2.3 Critical Cross Sections. The lateral and centerline cross sections that should be measured are from SAE J2732. These cross sections can be seen in Table 2 and Table 3. The SAE J2732 refers to the HPM II manikin; however the HPM manikin (Oscar) sha
30、ll be substituted for all measurements listed. Table 2: Seat Cushion Sections Section Definition Figure Lateral Cross Section 80 mm behind the reference point Not applicable Lateral Cross Section 0 mm forward of the reference point 3 Lateral Cross Section 125 mm forward of the reference point 3 Late
31、ral Cross Section 250 mm forward of the reference point 3 Centerline Cross Section 0 mm lateral of the reference point (plane parallel to the cushion and torso (back) line through the reference point) 4 Centerline Cross Section 110 mm on either side of the reference point (Note: that only the positi
32、ve OR negative side of the centerline is necessary) 4 Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors
33、 Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 5 of 14 Table 3: Seat Back Sections Section Definition Figure Lateral Cross Section 35 mm above the reference point 3 Lateral Cross Section 175 mm above the reference point 3 Lateral Cross Section 350 mm above the reference point 3 Lateral Cross Section 45
34、0 mm above the reference point Not applicable Centerline Cross Section 0 mm lateral of the reference point (plane parallel to the cushion and torso (back) line through the reference point) 4 Centerline Cross Section 110 mm on either side of the reference point (note that only the positive OR negativ
35、e side of centerline is necessary) 4 Figure 3: Lateral Cross Sections Referenced from H-Point Figure 4: Centerline Cross Sections Referenced from H-Point Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi
36、thout license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 6 of 14 5.2.4 Dimensions. The lateral and centerline dimensions that should be measured are from SAE J2732. These cross sections can be seen in Tables 4, 5,
37、 and 6. SAE J2732 refers to the HPM II manikin; however, the HPM manikin (Oscar) shall be substituted for all measurements listed. A form to fill in along with diagrams and definitions of appropriate dimensions can be found in Appendix A. In order to aid in understanding, it is helpful to include a
38、picture of each of the dimensions as they are measured. An example of this can be seen in Appendix B. Table 4: Cushion Cross-Car Dimensions All Measurements are Perpendicular to the Thigh Line Overall Cush Width Width across the seat cushion soft trim surface within a cross sectional plane normal (9
39、0 degrees) to the Cushion Line. W1000_X Cush Insert Width Width of the insert between the bolsters within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Cushion Line. W1040_X Bolster Height Height of the bolsters above the centerline (C/L) insert within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees
40、) to the Cushion Line. H1060_X Bolster Radius Radius defined by the arc of the highest point of the outboard bolster, the highest point of the inboard bolster, and the surface of the centerline (C/L) insert within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Cushion Line. R1080_X Bolster Asymm
41、etry Difference in outboard bolster height and inboard bolster height within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Cushion Line. Center seats should use the same convention as the left outboard seat position. Value will be negative if inboard bolster is higher than outboard bolster. H11
42、40_X Deflection Distance from the manikin surface to the un-deflected seat cushion surface measured within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Cushion Line. H1120_X Bolster Exit Distance from the seat centerline to the lateral exit points within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degr
43、ees) to the Cushion Line. If the seat is not symmetrical use only the outboard side. W1100_X Table 5: Back Cross-Car Dimensions All Measurements are Perpendicular to the Torso Line Overall Back Width Width across the soft trim surface within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Torso (
44、Back) Line. W1400_X Seatback Insert Width Width of the insert between the bolsters within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Torso (Back) Line. W1440_X Deflection Distance from the manikin surface to the un-deflected trim, measured within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) t
45、o the Torso (Back) Line. H1520_X Bolster Height Distance of the bolsters forward of the insert at the centerline (C/L) within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Torso (Back) Line. H1460_X Bolster Radius Radius defined by the arc of the highest point of the outboard bolster, the highe
46、st point of the inboard bolster, and the surface of the centerline (C/L) insert within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Torso (Back) Line. R1480_X Bolster Asymmetry Difference in bolster depth on outboard side to inboard within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degrees) to the Tor
47、so (back) line. Center seats should use the same convention as the left outboard seat position. Value will be negative if inboard bolster is bigger than outboard bolster. H1540_X Bolster Exit Distance from the seat centerline to the lateral exit points within a cross sectional plane normal (90 degre
48、es) to the Torso (Back) Line. If the seat is not symmetrical, use only the outboard side. In the case of a trench, use furthest lateral exit point. W1500_X Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
49、without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16712 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2012 Page 7 of 14 Table 6: Centerline Dimensions Cush Thigh Exit Distance measured parallel to the Cushion Line from H-Point forward to a line normal to the Cushion line at the exit point. Usually offset from centerline of occupant (C/LO) by 100 mm. L1260_X Upper
