1、 FECDS D-4 Engineering CAD & Drafting Standards Ford Proprietary and/or Confidential Information - Do not distribute to others w/o prior written authorization. Version 28 TOC Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D41 Printed copies are uncontrolled.METRIC U
2、NITS AND CONVERSIONS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Ford Motor Company Automotive Operations uses Systems International metric units generally known as SI Units in line with ISO 1000. Instructions for converting U.S. customary units of measurement to metric units of measurement are also included. 2 DEFINITIONS
3、(Reserved) 3 REQUIREMENTS 3.1.1 The SI UNITS most commonly used on Engineering Drawings are shown below. 3.1.2 The SI BASE UNITS are shown below in capitals. 3.1.3 The SUPPLEMENTARY and the derived SI UNITS are shown below in lowercase. 3.1.4 Approved multiple and compound units are also shown. NOTE
4、: It is permissible to deviate from ISO 1000 with respect to unit Font. Characteristic SI Unit SI Abbr. Remarks/Usage METER m General use kilometer km Road distance millimeter mm Engineering drawings Length micrometer (micron) m Surface finish SQUARE METER m2Large areas square centimeter cm2Radiator
5、s, fabrics Area square millimeter mm2Small areas Volume CUBIC METER m3General use, large volumes cubic centimeter cm3 Component material volumes cubic millimeter mm3 Small volumes liter l * Capacities milliliter ml Small capacities *Use “liter“ where “ l “ might be confusing RADIAN rad Calculations
6、degree General use minute General usPlane Angle second “ General use Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS Characteristic SI Unit SI Abbr. Remarks/Usage Solid Angle STERADIAN sr Illumination calculations Time SECOND s General use millisecond ms General use minute min General ushour h Ge
7、neral use Frequency HERTZ Hz General us1 Hz = 1 per second gigahertz GHz Electronics megahertz MHz Electronicskilohertz kHz Electronics Velocity METER PER SECOND m/s General use kilometer per hour km/h Vehicle speed Acceleration METER PER SECOND SQUARED m/s2 General use Angular Acceleration radian p
8、er second squared rad/s2 Calculations Angular Velocity RADIAN PER SECOND rad/s Calculations Mass KILOGRAM kg General use gram g General ustonne t * 1 t = 1 Mg = 1000 kg *Use “tonne“ where “ t “ might be confused with ton KILOGRAM PER CUBIC METER kg/m3General use Density tonne per cubic meter t/m3Gen
9、eral use Momentum KILOGRAM METER PER SECOND kg-m/s General use Moment of Inertia KILOGRAM METER SQUARED kg-m2General use Moment of Mass gram meter gm Static balance gram millimeter gmm Static balance Force NEWTON N General use meganewton MN General use milonewton kN General use Original Issue: 19960
10、419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D42 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS Characteristic SI Unit SI Abbr. Remarks/Usage Torque (Moment of Force) NEWTON METER N-m General use Stiffness kiloNnewton per meter KkN/m Spring rate Tor
11、sional Stiffness Newton meter per degree N-m/1 General use Dynamic Viscosity PASCAL SECOND Pa-s General use Kinematic Viscosity SQUARE METER PER SECOND m2/s General use Pressure*, Stress PASCAL Pa General use kilopascal kPa General usmegapascal MPa General use * In some countries (for example, the U
12、K) the standard unit of pressure is the bar. 1 bar = 105pascals Energy, Work, Quantity of Heat JOULE J General use kW-h also used Power, Radiant Flux WATT W General use Thermodynamic Temperature (Absolute) KELVIN K Thermodynamic calculations Temperature DEGREE CELSIUS C May be used generally (Replac
13、es degree Centigrade) Thermal Conductivity watt meter per meter squared Kelvin W-m/m2-K General use Electric Current AMPERE A General use Electric Potential, Potential Difference, Tension VOLT V General usElectromotive Force VOLT V General use Electric Resistance OHM General use Electric Charge COUL
14、OMB C General use Electric Capacitance FARAD F General use Electric Conductance SIEMENS S General use Magnetic Flux WEBER Wb General usInductance HENRY H General use Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D43 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENG
15、INEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS Characteristic SI Unit SI Abbr. Remarks/Usage Electric Field Strength VOLT PER METER V/m General use Magnetic Flux Density TESLA T General use Magnetic Field Strength AMPERE PER METER A/m General use Magnetomotive Force ampere A General use Amount of Substance MOLE
16、mol General use Luminous Intensity CANDELA cd Illumination calculations Luminous Flux LUMEN lm Illuminatio calculationsIlluminance / Illumination LUX lx Illumination calculationsLuminance CANDELA PER SQUARE METER cd/m2 Illumination calculations 3.2 MULTIPLE AND SUBMULTIPLE UNITS 3.2.1 Multiplication
17、 Factors Prefix SI Symbol 1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T 1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G 1 000 000 = 106 mega M 1 000 = 103 kilo k 100 = 102 hecto h 10 101 deka da 0.1 = 101 deci d 0.01 102 centi c 0.001 = 103 milli m 0.000 001 = 106 micro 0.000 000 001 = 109 nano n 0.000 000 000 001 = 1012 pico p 0.000
18、 000 000 000 001 = 1015 femto f Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 201012310.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 1018 atto a D44 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS 3.2.2 In general it is better to use only those prefixes whi
19、ch represent 10 raised to a power of a multiple of 3. Prefixes for compound units are to be attached to the numerator in preference to the denominator (for example, megaNewton per meter squared), rather than Newton per millimeter squared. The latter non-preferred form may, however, be adapted in the
20、 expression of engineering specifications. For example: MN/m2 3.2.3 Units may be combined with other units to form compound units. When multiplied together their symbols are separated by a space(for example, kN-m (kiloNewton meter) for torque). 3.2.4 When using the symbols, the correct use of upper
21、and lower case is essential. 3.3 TEMPERATURE SCALE CONVERSION 3.3.1 The temperature in Kelvins (tK) equals (5/9) (tF+ 459.67) when tFis the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. 3.3.2 The temperature in degrees Celsius (tC) equals 5/9 (F - 32) 3.3.3 The temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (t F) equals 9/
22、5 C + 32 3.3.4 All equivalents must be to the nearest tenth of a Kelvin or degree Celsius, with the following exceptions: 3.3.4.1 Fahrenheit temperatures indicated to be approximate, not higher than, not lower than or designated as a maximum or a minimum shall have their equivalents shown to the nea
23、rest whole Kelvin or degree Celsius and rounded to the appropriate number of significant digits. See example. EXAMPLE 100F + 5F = 38C + 3C 1000F + 50F = 540C + 30C 3.3.4.2 The conversion of the tolerance requirements shall be as shown in Figure D-4.1. F + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 K/C +
24、0.5 + 1.1 + 1.6 + 2.2 + 3 + 5.5 + 8 + 11 + 14 Figure D4.1 Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D45 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS CLASSIFIED LIST OF UNITS (by category in alphabetical order) To Convert Fr
25、om To Multiply By ACCELERATION foot/second2 meter/second2 3.048 000 E01 inch/second2 meter/second2 2.540 000 E02 ANGLES degree (angle) radian 1.745 329 E02 minute (angle) radian 2.908 882 E04 second (angle) radian 4.848 137 E06 AREA circular mil millimeter2 5.067 075 E04 foot2 meter2 9.290 304 E02 i
26、nch2 millimeter2 6.451 600 E+06 mile2(U.S. statute) kilometer2 2.589 988 yard2 meter2 8.361 274 E 01 BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE kgf-meter Newton meter 9.806 650 lbf-inch Newton meter 1.129 848 E 01 lbf-foot Newton meter 1.355 818 ounce force-inch Newton meter 7.061 552 E 03 (BENDING MOMENT OR TORQUE)/
27、LENGTH lbf-foot/inch Newton-meter/meter 5.337 866 E+01 lbf-inch/inch Newton-meter/meter 4.448 222 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM abampere ampere 1.000 000 E+01 anhenry henry 1.000 000 E-09 abohm ohm 1.000 000 E-09 ampere (international of 1948) ampere 9.998 35 E-01 ampere hour coulomb 3.600 000 E+03 EMU
28、of capacitance micro farad 1.000 000 E+15 EMU of current ampere 1.000 000 E+01 EMU of electric potential microvolt 1.000 000 E-02 Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D46 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS EM
29、U of inductance millihenry 1.000 000 E-06 EMU of resistance megohm 1.000 000 E-15 ESU of capacitance micro farad 1.112 6 E-06 ESU of current ampere 3.335 6 E-10 ESU of electric potential volt 2.997 9 E+02 ESU of inductance millihenry 8.987 6 E+14 ESU of resistance megohm 8.987 6 E+05 farad (internat
30、ional of 1948) farad 9.995 05 E-01 gilbert ampere turn 7.957 747 E-01 ohm (international of 1948) ohm 1.000 495 volt (international of 1948) volt 1.000 330 ENERGY (INCLUDES WORK) foot-pound-force joule 1.355 818 joule (international of 1948) joule 1.000 165 kilowatt-hour (international of 1948) mega
31、 joule 3.600 59 watt-second joule 1.000 000 FORCE kilogram-force Newton 9.806 650 ounce-force (avoirdupois) Newton 2.780 139 E-01 pound-force (lbf avoirdupois) Newton 4.448 222 E+00 pound-force (lbf avoirdupois) Kilogram-force 4.535 924 E-01 FORCE / LENGTH pound-force/inch Newton/meter 1.751 268 E+0
32、2 pound-force/foot Newton/meter 1.459 390 E+01 HEAT Btu (International Steam Table) in./hr. ft2deg F (k, thermal conductivity) watt/meter - K 1.442 285 E-01 Btu (International Steam Table)/hr ft2/deg F (C, thermal conductance) watt/meter2- K 5.678 286 Btu (International Steam Table)/lbm deg F (c, he
33、at capacity) joule/kg - K 4.186 816 E+03 deg F hr ft 2/Btu (International Steam Table) (R, thermal resistance) K - meter2/watt 1.761 094 E-01 ft2/hr (thermal diffusivity) meter2/hour 9.290 304 E-02 Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D47 Printed copies ar
34、e uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS LENGTH foot meter 3.048 000 E-01 inch millimeter 2.540 000 E+01 mil millimeter 2.540 000 E-02 mile (U.S. Statute) kilometer 1.609 344 yard meter 9.144 000 E-01 LIGHT foot-candle lumen/meter2 1.076 391 E+01 foot-candle lux 1.076 391 E+
35、01 foot-lambert candela/meter2 3.426 3 lux lumen/meter2 1.000 000 MASS gram kilogram 1.000 000 E-03 ounce mass (avoirdupois) gram 2.834 952 E+01 Pound-mass (lbm avoirdupois) kilogram 4.535 924 E-01 slug kilogram 1.459 390 E+01 ton (short, 2000 lbm) kilogram 9.071 847 E+02 MASS/AREA Pound-mass/ft2 ki
36、logram/meter 2 4.882 428 MASS/TIME (INCLUDES FLOW) Pound-mass/second kilogram/second 4.535 924 E-01 MASS/VOLUME (INCLUDES DENSITY AND MASS CAPACITY) lbm/foot3 kilogram/meter3 1.601 846 E+01 lbm/inch3 kilogram/meter3 2.767 991 E+04 ounces (avoirdupois)/gallon (|mperial liquid) kilogram/liter 6.236 02
37、7 E-03 ounces (avoirdupois)/gallon (U.S. liquid) kilogram/liter 7.489 152 E-03 ounces (avoirduopois) (mass)/inch3 kilogram/meter3 1.729 994 E+03 Pound-mass/gallon (|mperial liquid) kilogram/liter 9.977 644 E-02 Pound-mass/gallon (U.S. liquid) kilogram/liter 1.198 264 E-01 slug/foot3 kilogram/meter3
38、5.153 79 E+02 POWER Btu (International Steam Table)/hour watt 2.930 667 E-01 Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D48 Printed copies are uncontrolled.Return to TOC ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS Foot-pound force/second watt 1.355 818 horsepower (550
39、ft.lbf/sec) kilowatt 7.456 999 E-01 watt (international of 1948) watt 1.000 165 PRESSURE OF STRESS (FORCE/AREA) inch of mercury (at 32_F) kilopascals 3.386 389 pound-force/foot2 pascals 4.788 026 E+01 pound-force/inch2(psi) kilopascals 6.894 757 pound-force/inch2(psi) kilograms-force/mm2 7.030 696 E
40、-04 moment of inertia (lbm.ft2) kilogram-meter2 4.214 012 E-02 VELOCITY (INCLUDES SPEED) foot/hour meter/hour 3.048 000 E-01 foot/minute meter/minute 3.048 000 E-01 foot/second meter/second 3.048 000 E-01 inch/second meter/second 2.540 000 E-02 kilometer/hour meter/second 2.777 778 E-01 knot (intern
41、ational) meter/second 5.144 444 E-01 mile/hour (U.S. statute) meter/second 4.470 400 E-01 mile/minute (U.S. statute) meter/second 2.682 240 E+01 mile/second (U.S. statute) meter/second 1.609 344 E+03 mile/hour (U.S. statute) kilometers/hour 1.609 344 POWER Btu (International Steam Table)/hour watt 2
42、.930 667 E-01 Foot-pound force/second watt 1.355 818 horsepower (550 ft.lbf/sec) kilowatt 7.456 999 E-01 horsepower (550 ft.lbf/sec) PS (Pferde Starke) 1.013 87 Watt (international of 1948) watt 1.000 165 VISCOSITY centipoise Newtonsecond/meter2 1.000 000 E-03 centistoke meter2/second 1.000 000 E-06
43、 foot2/second meter2/second 9.290 304 E-02 poise Newton-second/meter2 1.000 000 E-01 poundal-second/foot2 Newton-second/meter2 1.488 164 pound mass/foot second Newton-second/meter2 1.488 164 Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D49 Printed copies are uncon
44、trolled.Original Issue: 19960419 Copyright, Ford Motor Company. Latest Re-issue: 20101231D410 Printed copies are uncontrolled.ENGINEERING CAD & DRAFTING STANDARDS Return to TOC pound force second/foot2 Newton-second/meter2 4.788 026 E+01 rhe meter2/Newtonsecond 1.000 000 E+01 slug/foot-second Newton
45、second/meter2 4.788 026 E+01 Stoke meter2/second 1.000 000 E04 viscosity (Saybolt): at 100 F meter2/second at 311K 4.635 E-06 at 210 F meter2/second at 370K 4.667 E-06 VOLUME (INCLUDES CAPACITY) foot3 meter3 2.831 685 E-02 gallon (Imperial) liter 4.546 087 gallon (U.S. liquid) liter 3.785 412 inch3
46、liter 1.638 706 E-02 inch3 centimeter3 1.638 706 E-05 liter meter3 1.000 000 E-03 ounce (U.S. fluid) milliliter 2.957 353 E+01 pint (U.S. liquid) liter 4.731 765 E-01 quart (U.S. liquid) liter 9.463 530 E-01 yard3 meter3 7.645 549 E-01 VOLUME/TIME (INCLUDE FLOW) cubic feet/minute meter3/second 4.719
47、 474 E-04 cubic feet/second meter3/second 2.831 685 E-02 cubic inches/minute centimeter3/second 2.731 177 E-01 cubic yards/minute meter3/second 1.274 258 E-02 gallons (U.S. liquid)/day liter/minute 2.628 758 E-03 gallons (U.S. liquid)/minute liter/second 6.309 020 E-02 4 SPECIFICATIONS (Reserved) 5 ADDENDUM (Reserved)
