1、 ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Equipment for Detecting Movement;Radio equipment operating in thefrequency range 17,1 GHz to 17,3 GHz;System Reference Document forGround Based Synthetic Aperture
2、 Radar (GBSAR)ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-RM-052 Keywords radar, SRD, SRDOC ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre l
3、a Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents betw
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8、 TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbreviations .7 4 Executive summary 8 4.1 Status of the present document.8 4.2 Market information.8
9、4.3 Technical system description .8 5 Current regulations.9 6 Proposed regulations 9 7 Main conclusions10 8 Expected ETSI and ECC actions10 Annex A: Detailed market information 11 A.1 Range of applications .11 A.2 Market size and value.12 A.2.1 Terrain monitoring application.12 A.2.2 Structures moni
10、toring application 13 A.3 Deployment and usage activities13 A.3.1 Terrain monitoring .13 A.3.2 Structural monitoring .13 Annex B: Technical information .14 B.1 General Technical Description.14 B.2 Detailed technical description 14 B.2.1 Assessment of alternative bands.17 B.2.1.1 Alternative operatio
11、n on 24 GHz17 B.2.1.2 Alternative operation on 13.7 GHz.18 B.3 Applications description.18 B.3.1 Structure monitoring application18 B.3.1.1 Structure monitoring examples.19 B.3.1.1.1 Static test example.19 B.3.1.1.2 Dynamic test example .20 B.3.1.2 Terrain monitoring application .23 B.3.1.2.1 Terrai
12、n monitoring examples 24 B.3.1.2.1.1 Tessina landslide measurement survey24 B.3.1.2.1.2 Citrin landslide measurement survey.25 B.4 Justification for radiated power and bandwidth requirement .26 B.4.1 Radiated Power requirement 26 B.4.2. Bandwidth requirement 27 B.5 GBSAR Unwanted emissions 28 ETSI E
13、TSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 4 B.6 Information on current version of relevant ETSI standard.29 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues .30 C.1 Coexistence issues30 C.2 Current ITU allocations30 C.3 Sharing issues.30 History 31 ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IP
14、Rs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or p
15、otentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carri
16、ed out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Commit
17、tee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The present document covers Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) operating in the frequency range 17,1 GHz to 17,3 GHz. The GBSAR is using a Stepped Frequency CW (SF-CW) radar technique and is used for a wide r
18、ange of applications for detection of movement within the following main categories: Structure monitoring, for example: - Bridge movement and resonance analyses; - Building and bridge construction, civil engineering. Terrain monitoring, for example: - Monitoring of volcanoes, earthquakes and land sl
19、ides. For additional and further description of applications, see clause A.1. The purpose of producing the present document is to lay a foundation for industry to quickly bring innovative and useful products to the market while avoiding any harmful interference with other services and applications.
20、The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 6 1 Scope The present d
21、ocument provides information on the intended applications; the technical parameters and the radio spectrum requirements for GBSAR based Stepped Frequency CW (SF-CW) radar, operating in the frequency band: 17,1 GHz to 17,3 GHz. The present document describes a GBSAR system that is used for detection
22、of movement. The scope is limited to radar equipment operated as a short range device. The radar applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes but exclusively for detection of movement related to safety of structures potentially effecting the protection of workers
23、 and the general public. A few examples of applications are given below but are limited to: static and dynamic load analyses of constructions like bridges and buildings; landslide monitoring; volcano and earthquake movement detection; urban area subsidence detection. Additional information on GBSAR
24、is given in the following clauses: Annex A: Detailed market information; Annex B: Technical information; Annex C: Expected compatibility issues. 2 References For the purposes of the present document the following references apply: NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the
25、time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 1 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 2 ITU-R Radio Regulations. 3 ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538-2: “Technical and operating parameters and spectrum requirements for short-range radiocom
26、munication devices“. 4 ETSI EN 300 440-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods“. 5 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01: “Unwanted Emi
27、ssions in the Spurious Domain“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: cross range resolution: ability to resolve two targets at same range range resolution:
28、 ability to resolve two targets at different ranges stepped frequency CW radar: Continuous Wave radar transmitting a finite sequence of N different frequencies 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: B bandwidth c speed of light f0 centre frequencyGRANGE ga
29、in given by the range compression process of the signal GSARprocessing gain given by the SAR synthesis L additional pathloss from e.g. water loss, scintillation, additional atmospheric loss system wavelength 0 backscattering coefficient of the terrain rmeasurement accuracy of a pixel displacement PR
30、Received signal from reflecting target R range S pixel area at distance R Tdw dwell time duration X cross-range structure dimension or cross- range illuminated area 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CEPT European Conference of Post and Tel
31、ecommunications CH Switzerland dB DecibelDEM Digital Elevation Model e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power ECC Electronic Communications Committee ERC European Radiocommunications Committee ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute GB Ground Based GBSAR Ground Based Synthetic A
32、perture Radar IQ Inphase and Quadrature ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical ITU International Telecommunications Union MoU Memorandum of Understanding NL The NetherLands RCS Radar Cross Section rms root mean square SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar SF-CW Stepped Frequency - Continuous Wave SNR Signal
33、to Noise Ratio SRD Short Range Device SRDoc System Reference Document ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006-12) 8 WGFM Working Group Frequency Management 4 Executive summary The present document provides information on GBSAR system. GBSAR is a tool which can provide additional protection during the cons
34、truction and maintenance of buildings, bridges, tunnels and monitor environmental structure changes. GBSAR provides high accuracy and outstanding reliability. The objective of designers and operators of GBSAR is to direct radar signals towards the surface of a construction or environment to detect a
35、ny movement or resonance of the object. GBSAR does not communicate any information via the radar signal to any other equipment; therefore no protocol communications standard is required. The GBSAR equipment operates under the Short Range Devices rules of not claiming protection from other radio comm
36、unication services operating in the same or adjacent bands. Recognizing that GBSAR may have indirect safety of human life implications, manufacturers should pay particular attention to the potential for interference when selecting parameters for GBSAR. 4.1 Status of the present document Version, V 1
37、.0.0_0.1.1, of the TR was approved by ERM-TG28#14 and was submitted to WG ERM-RM for approval via correspondence. Comments were received from the NL and CH administrations. These comments were dealt with in version V 1.1.1_1.2.1 of the document, which was forwarded to CEPT . In order to take into ac
38、count further comments, including those received during the meeting of WG FM of CEPT (September 2006), a new version (1.1.1_1.2.2) was produced. The present version is offered to TC-ERM in view of its approval as TR 102 522 and its publication. 4.2 Market information Interferometric analysis and Syn
39、thetic Aperture Radar (SAR) synthesis are two powerful data processing techniques which have nowadays been used for airborne and space-borne remote sensing systems with the objective of detecting ground displacement. These two techniques, based on processing of data acquired by electromagnetic micro
40、waves reflected by targets, can be exploited by Ground Based (GB) system (in the following named GBSAR system) to perform: Structures monitoring. Terrain monitoring. The deployment of the system is up to 0,6 and 6 units/1 000 km2for structure and terrain monitoring respectively. For detailed market
41、information, see annex A. 4.3 Technical system description A GBSAR system exploits, as earth monitoring satellites, interferometric analysis and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques to provide displacement maps for terrain or structure monitoring applications. In particular: the interferometric
42、 technique provides data on object displacement by comparing phase information, collected in different time periods, of reflected waves from the object, providing a measure of the displacement with an accuracy of less than 1 mm; the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique enables the system to prov
43、ide high resolution images. High range resolution is obtained using large transmitted bandwidth whereas high cross range resolution is derived, only for the terrain monitoring applications, exploiting the movement of the physical antenna along a straight trajectory. ETSI ETSI TR 102 522 V1.1.1 (2006
44、-12) 9 The GBSAR system is based on a Step Frequency - Continuous Wave (SF-CW) coherent radar that transmits, step by step, continuous waves at discrete frequency values in a frequency range of bandwidth B. By this method an interference mitigation is offered as the transmission is only on for a sho
45、rt time at each discrete frequency. It is important to observe that the transmitted signal is a sequence of non-modulated frequency steps, whose total frequency range (bandwidth) is controlled by the equipment management system. The bandwidth can be adjusted between 100 MHz and 200 MHz when required
46、 by the measurement. For detailed technical information on GBSAR, see clause B. 5 Current regulations There is currently no regulation for GBSAR in the frequency range 17,1 GHz to 17,3 GHz. The current annex 6 (“Equipment for Detecting Movement and Equipment for Alert“) of CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70
47、-03 1 contains provisions for operation in the following bands: 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz at a power level of 100 mW. 13,4 GHz to 14,0 GHz at a power level of 25 mW. However, these power levels are insufficient to permit the operation of GBSAR capable of providing the range resolution and displacement
48、accuracy necessary to provide industrial users of GBSAR with the capability they require. An assessment of these alternative bands (13 GHz and 24 GHz) is given in clause B.2.1. It has to be noted that although the frequency range 16,6 to 17,1 GHz is allocated to RADIOLOCATION designated as Military
49、Harmonized band for land, airborne and naval radars, the following range 17,1 to 17,3 GHz is allocated to RADIOLOCATION as a designated band for military radars shared with civil uses in accordance with the provisions in the European Common Allocation Table. 6 Proposed regulations It is proposed to permit GBSAR to operate with the specifications in table 1. Table 1: Proposed radio interface requirements for GBSAR systems Frequency band Max. frequency range Max. Conducted power Max. radiated power e.i.r.p. 17,1 GHz to 17,3 GHz 200 M
