1、 ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); Very high capacity density BWA networks; System architecture, economic model and derivation of technical requirements Technical Report ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 2Reference DTR/BRAN-0040008 Keywords architecture, br
2、oadband ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present docume
3、nt can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute
4、, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI
5、 documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by writte
6、n permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are
7、 Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g31 Scope 6g32 Referen
8、ces 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g34 Introduction 9g35 Architecture for 1 Gbit/s/km2network . 9g35.1 Access Stratum Architecture 10g35.2 Simplified Network Architecture . 11g36 Access Strat
9、um Functionality . 11g36.1 Topology 12g36.2 Physical Deployment 12g36.2.1 Basic Cross and Square Deployments for Access. 12g36.2.2 Combined Access and Backhauling 13g36.2.2.1 Square Topology, HBS above Roof-Top 15g36.3 Antennas . 16g36.4 Multi-beam Assisted MIMO 16g36.4.1 Overview 16g36.4.2 Uplink O
10、peration in Licensed Bands 17g36.4.3 Downlink Operation in Licensed Bands . 18g36.4.4 Interference Mitigation in Lower LE Bands ( 6 GHz) 19g36.5 Collaborative MIMO, Network MIMO Support 19g36.5.1 Introduction. 19g36.5.2 Collaborative MIMO 19g36.5.3 Network MIMO 21g36.6 Hybrid MIMO Schemes . 23g36.7
11、Radio Resource Management . 25g36.7.1 Dynamic Frequency Band Allocation . 25g36.7.1.1 Selection Principle 25g36.7.2 Self-Organizing Frequency Allocation . 27g36.8 Cognitive Frequency Band Allocation . 27g36.8.1 Cognitive Radios 27g36.8.2 Cognition 27g36.8.3 Reconfiguration 28g36.8.4 Cognitive Channe
12、l Assignment 28g36.8.4.1 Frequency Awareness . 28g36.8.4.2 Channel Assignment . 29g36.8.5 Application of Algorithm 30g36.9 Time Resource Allocation 31g36.9.1 Spectrum Sharing between Access and Hub Wireless Networks . 31g36.9.1.1 Frame Structures for Spectrum Sharing in Time Domain . 31g36.9.1.1.1 F
13、rame Structure Elements for SON Support . 33g36.10 RRM for joint access and self-backhaul networks . 33g36.10.1 Cognitive and Docitive RRM . 33g36.10.1.1 Problem Statement 33g36.10.2 System-Wide Simulation Results . 35g36.11 Direct Communication . 37g36.11.1 Time-domain Frame Structures 37g36.11.1.1
14、 DCO in the ABS and HBS Radio Frame 37g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 46.11.2 Assignment of Frequency and Time Resources 38g36.12 Out-of-band self backhauling . 39g36.12.1 Capacity and Spectrum Calculation in 5 GHz 39g36.12.2 Backhaul Capacity at 60 GHz . 39g36.12.2.1 Rollout Scenario 40g36.
15、12.2.2 Backhaul Data Rate Calculations 42g36.12.2.3 Theoretical Scenario Analysis . 43g36.12.2.4 Practical Scenario Analysis . 43g36.12.2.5 Calculation Details 44g36.12.2.5.1 One frequency theoretical system results 45g36.12.2.5.2 Two frequencies theoretical system results . 45g36.12.2.5.3 One frequ
16、ency practical system results . 45g36.12.2.6 Two frequencies practical system results 45g36.12.2.7 Spectral efficiency and required channel BW . 45g37 Identification of Requirements . 46g37.1 General Requirements 46g37.2 Access Wireless Network . 46g37.3 Self-Backhauling Wireless Network 47g37.4 Joi
17、nt Access Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has b
18、een carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technic
19、al Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN). ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 61 Scope The present document addresses the architecture, the economic model and the derivation of technical requirements for a BWA system, providing 1 Gbit/s/km2, using 40 MHz of licensed spectrum and includi
20、ng self-backhauling in both licensed and un-licensed bands, network MIMO, cognitive-radio based self-organization, etc. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited ver
21、sion applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks include
22、d in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents
23、 are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI TR 125 942 (2009): “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios (3GPP TR 25.942 version 9.0.0)“. i.2 A. Papadogianni
24、s and A. G. Burr: “Multi-beam Assisted MIMO - A Novel Approach to Fixed Beamforming“, Future Network and Mobile Summit (FNMS 2011), Warsaw, Poland, June 2011. i.3 UMTS Forum: “Mobile Broadband Evolution: the roadmap from HSPA to LTE“, Feb., 2009. i.4 FCC: “Notice of Proposed Rule Making and Order,“
25、ET Docket No 03-222, 2003. i.5 F. Akyildiz, et al.: “Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey“, Computer Networks, vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159, Sep, 2006. i.6 J. Mitola: “Cognitive Radio Architecture: The Engineering Foundations of Radio XML“, 2006. i.7 J. Mitol
26、a and G. Maguire: “Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal“, IEEE Personal Communication, vol. 6, pp. 13-18, Aug, 1999. i.8 R. S. Sutton and A. G. Barto: “Reinforcement learning : An Introduction: The MIT Press“, 1998. i.9 Farahmand, A.-M.: “Interaction of culture-based learning and co
27、operative co-evolution and its application to automatic behavior-based system design“, Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 14, pp. 23 -57, Feb. 2010. i.10 Ahmadabadi, M.N., et al: “Expertness measuring in cooperative learning“, vol. 3, pp. 2261 -2267 vol.3, 2000. i.11 Mischa Dohler:
28、 “Docitive Radios - Centroid of Cognition and Cooperation“, Keynote, WWRF23, October 2009, Beijing, China. ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 7i.12 Mischa Dohler: “Docitive Networks - A Step Beyond Cognition“, Keynote, ISABEL 2009, November 2009, Bratislava, Slovakia. i.13 Mischa Dohler, L. Giupp
29、oni, A. Galindo-Serrano, P. Blasco: “Docitive Networks: A Novel Framework Beyond Cognition“, IEEE Communications Society, Multimdia Communications TC, E-Letter, January 2010. i.14 ITU-R Recommendation P.530-12: “Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-s
30、ight systems“. i.15 P. Blasco, L. Giupponi, A. Galindo, M. Dohler: “Aggressive Joint Access Self-Backhauling link aggregation; Network MIMO (for Downlink and Uplink); Radio Resource Management; Direct BS-BS or MS-MS communication. ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 105.1 Access Stratum Architectu
31、re The present document addresses only the access stratum architecture. The architecture aims to offer a cost efficient capacity density of 1 Gbit/s/km2. Here, a HBS serves several below-rooftop ABSs, which in turn serve the associated MSs. The HBS possesses several beams which are used to communica
32、te with ABSs in its beam-space. ABSs can communicate with each other via the serving HBS. A topic for further study is the direct ABS-ABS communication while using the air interface. The Femto-BS and their associated subscribers may also operate in the un-licensed spectrum. To simplify the presentat
33、ion, the HBS-ABS links, which are self-backhaul links inside this system, may be named in the present document “backhaul links“. This naming should not be understood as HBS backhauling, which is outside of the scope of the present document. The system presented in the present document has the follow
34、ing basic architecture: Figure 5.1: Basic architecture The scheme in figure 5.1 provides an overview of most of the possible wireless links in the present document. At the top level of the architecture, HBSs are directly connected to the wired backhaul. If in some cases a wired link could not be don
35、e, this link should be replaced by LE high data rate connectivity. An in-band backhaul link and a LE link between HBSs may not be systematically done but could offer additional networking capacities and an alternative, in case of a router failure for example. At the ABS location there are two elemen
36、ts, which are the HSS and the ABS. The HSS component is associated to an HBS or to another HSS (for direct communication and collaborative MIMO). ABS provides connectivity for the BWA users. To increase the coverage or to provide a larger throughput in a given area exists the possibility to deploy a
37、dditional stations called pico-ABS. Those stations are basically similar to ABSs as they are providing connectivity to BWA users. The lower level of the architecture shows mobile station connectivity possibilities. MS connects itself to ABS as in the standard P-MP architecture, but can also directly
38、 connect one to each other, and associate with two ABSs for MIMO support. BACKHAUL SELF-BACKHAUL ACCESS ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 115.2 Simplified Network Architecture The simplified network architecture of a BWA system is summarized in figure 5.2. The following notations are used for th
39、e reference points: A1 - GW to GW reference point. B2 - GW to HBS reference point. C3 - HBS to ABS reference point. D4 - ABS to ABS reference point. Figure 5.2: Network Architecture The system-specific of interfaces in figure 5.2 are: A1: Reference Point A1 consists of the set of Control and Bearer
40、Plane protocols originating/terminating in GWs that coordinate MS mobility between GWs. B2: Reference Point B2 consists of the set of Control Plane message flows and Bearer Plane data flows between the base stations and the GW. C3, D4: Reference Points C3, D4 consists of the set of Control Plane mes
41、sage flows and optionally Bearer Plane data flows between the base stations to ensure fast and seamless handover. The Bearer Plane consists of protocols that allow the data transfer between Base Stations involved in handover of a certain MS. In addition, C3 can carry RRM control messages for the joi
42、nt usage of the spectrum by HBS and ABS. For the purpose of this discussion, it is important to note that according to the network architecture each BS may be engaged in signalling transactions and traffic exchange with multiple GWs and vice versa. 6 Access Stratum Functionality Those basic elements
43、 of the access operation which are characteristic for the studied system are presented in continuation. ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS HBS HBS HBS GW GW ABS A1 B2 B2 B2 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 D4 D4 D4 D4 D4 ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 126.1 Topology The system deployment will use the ABSs located below ro
44、of-tops and HBSs located either below or above rooftops. The ABS deployment can have two flavours: ABSs located on streets; ABSs located in those areas with insufficient radio coverage. Two deployment variants, named “cross“ and “square“, are proposed for deployment. 6.2 Physical Deployment 6.2.1 Ba
45、sic Cross and Square Deployments for Access The basic cross and square deployments, using four frequency channels of 10 MHz each for TDD or 2 5 MHz for FDD, are illustrated in figures 6.1 and 6.2. These deployments assume a Manhattan-like grid, having a block raster of 90 m. The figures illustrate a
46、 frequency planning strategy, having as scope to minimize the inter-ABS interference between adjacent HBS cells. aABSABSABSaa aaaaaaaaaaaABSaABS ABS ABSaaa a aa aaaaaaaaaABSABSaaaaaaaaa aaaa aABSABSABSaaaa aaaa aaaaFigure 6.1: Cross deployment ETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 13Figure 6.2: Squa
47、re deployment 6.2.2 Combined Access and Backhauling The following figures show the combined access and backhauling. In figure 6.3 the HBS is located below roof-top while in figure 6.4 the HBS is located above roof-top. In figure 6.3 there are still coverage holes which are covered by an above-roofto
48、p HBS operating in 5 GHz. In the figures below, “a“ means access, while “b“ means backhaul. One color is used for each of the four available frequency channels. bb bbbbabbaba a aa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaabbbabFigure 6.3: HBS under roof-top for cross topology aABS ABS ABSaABSABS ABSABS ABS ABSaABSHBS-st
49、reetaaABSABSaaaaa aaaa aABSABSABSa aaaa aaaa aABSABSaaa aaaa aABSABSa aa aaaaaaaaaaaaaETSI ETSI TR 101 534 V1.1.1 (2012-03) 14bbbbbbbbbbb bbbbbbbbbbbbbHBSbbaABS ABS ABSaABSABS ABSABS ABS ABSaABSHBS-streetaaABSABSaaaaa aaaaaABSABSABSa aaaa aaaaaABSABSaaa aaaaaABSABSaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaabbbbFigure 6.4: HBS above roof-top for square topology Figure 6.5 indicates a combined deployment of a self-backhauling cell at 2,6 GHz/3,5 GHz, with HBS above roof-top and a 60 GHz self-backhaul, deployed in LOS at street level. bbbFigure 6.5: Combined in
