1、ETSI TR 101 496-1 1.1.1 (2000-11) Technical Report Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation; Part 1: System outline 2 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) Reference DTWJTC-DAB-8-1 Keywords audio, broadcast, broadcasting, DAB, digital ETSI 650 Route des
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6、titute 2000. O European Broadcasting Union 2000. All rights reserved. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4 Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions. symbols and abbreviations . 6 3.1 Definitions 6 3.2 Symbols 8 3.3 Abbreviations 8 4 4.1 4.2 4.3
7、 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 General Outline 9 System overview . 9 Summary of the major system features . 10 Outline of system implementation 11 General 11 Audio Services . 12 Data Services . 12 Service Information 12 System Organization and Service Control . 13 Channel Cod
8、ing and Time Interleaving . 13 Main Service Multiplex 13 Transmission Frame and Modes . 14 Modulation with OFDM . 15 5 5.1 Introduction . 16 5.3 5.4 Audio coding . 17 5.5 Programme Associated Data 18 5.7 Fast Information Data Channel 20 5.9 Future Features 20 5.9.1 Audio 20 5.9.2 Data . 21 5.10 5.11
9、 5.11.1 Total Capacity of a DAB Ensemble 27 5.11.2 Examples of Multiplex Configurations . 27 History . 31 Description of system features 16 5.2 Transport mechanisms . 16 Multiplex Configuration Information . 17 5.6 Service Information . 19 5.8 Conditional Access 20 System features summary 21 The Cap
10、acity of the DAB Multiplex 27 ETSI 4 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members an
11、d non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR O00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server -). Pursuant to the ET
12、SI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR O00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Forewor
13、d This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by the Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU, Comit Europen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). NOTE 1: The EBUETSI JTC Broadcast was est
14、ablished in 1990 to Co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television
15、 receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the Co-ordination of its members activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area
16、; its headquarters is in Geneva. European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81 The Eureka Project 147 was established in 1987, with funding from the European Commission, to develop a system for the broadcasting of audio and data t
17、o fixed, portable or mobile receivers. Their work resulted in the publication of European Standard, EN 300 401 i, for DAB (see note 2) which now has worldwide acceptance. The members of the Eureka Project 147 are drawn from broadcasting organizations and telecommunication providers together with com
18、panies from the professional and consumer electronics industry. NOTE 2: DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka Project 147 partners. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation for Digital Audio Broadcast
19、ing (DAB), as identified below: Part 1: “System outline“; Part 2: “System features“; Part 3: “Broadcast network“. ETSI 5 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) 1 Scope The present document gives guidelines for the implementation and operation of the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system. It forms Pa
20、rt 1 of the guidelines and rules developed by the Eureka Project 147 as the major companion document to the DAB system specification given in EN 300 401 i. They are intended to provide additional information to aid interpretation of the on-air signal and to assist broadcasters and manufacturers to i
21、mplement systems using the specification features as intended. Part 1 focuses on the system outline. TR 101 496-2 15 considers in detail the implementation and operation of the system features. TR 101 496-3 16 focuses on the broadcast network. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (
22、TR), the following references apply: u1 ETSI EN 300 401: “Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers“. 121 ITU-R Recommendation BS.774-2: “Service requirements for digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers using te
23、rrestrial transmitters in the VHFLJHF bands“. ITU-R Recommendation B0.789-2: “Service for digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers for broadcasting-satellite service (sound) in the frequency range 131 1 4000 - 2 700 MHz“. 141 151 191 ITU-R Recommendation BS. 11 14-1: “Sy
24、stem for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 O00 MHz“. ITU-R Recommendation BO. 1130-2: “System selection for digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers for broadcasting-service satellite (sound) ban
25、ds in the frequency range 1 400 - 2 700 MHz“. ISO/IEC 11 172-3 (1993): “Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio“. ISO/IEC JTC-1-SC29-WG11 MPEG 91-101 (1991): “The SR Report on The MPEG/Audio Listening Tests“ - Stockholm. EN I
26、S0 14819-1: “Traffic and Traveller Information (TTI) - TTI messages via Traffic Message Coding - Part 1: Coding protocol for Radio Data System - Traffic Message Channel (RDS-TMC) using ALERT-C“. ETSI ETS 300 174 (1992): “Network Aspects (NA); Digital coding of component television signals for contri
27、bution quality applications in the range 34 - 45 Mbit/s“. EN 50094 (1992): “Access control system for the MAC/packet family: EUROCRYPT“. Norwegian Telecom, Issue 2 (20th July 1989): “NR-MSK Access Control System“. ISO/IEC 13818-3 (1998): “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures an
28、d associated audio information - Part 3: Audio“. ETSI TS 101 500: “Digital Audio Broadcast System (DAB) - Multichannel audio“ ITU-R Recommendation B0.955-3: “Satellite sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the range 500-3 O00 MHz“. ETSI TR 101 496-2: “Digital Audio Broadca
29、sting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation; Part 2: System features“. ETSI TR 101 496-3: “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation; Part 3: Broadcast network“. ETSI 6 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) 3 3.1 Definitions, symbol
30、s and abbreviations Def i n it ions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Access Control System (ACS): particular set of rules for managing entitlement checking and conditional access messages audio bit stream: sequence of consecutive audio frames audio
31、 frame: kame of a duration of 24 ms (at 48 kHz sampling kequency) or of 48 ms (at 24 kHz sampling frequency) which contains a Layer II encoded audio signal ISO/IEC 11172-3 6, ISO/IEC 13818-3 12, corresponding to 1 152 consecutive audio samples; the smallest part of the audio bit stream which is deco
32、dable on its own audio mode: audio coding system provides single channel, dual channel, stereo and joint stereo audio modes In each mode, the complete audio signal is encoded as one audio bit stream. Auxiliary Information Channel (AIC): all or part of sub-channel 63, used to carry information redire
33、cted from the Fast Information Channel Capacity Unit (CU): smallest addressable unit (64 bits) of the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF) change event indication (CEI): set of FIG fields with particular values to indicate a change of database content for certain service information features Common Interl
34、eaved Frame (CIF): serial digital output from the main service multiplexer which is contained in the Main Service Channel part of the transmission kame. It is common to all transmission modes and contains 55 296 bits (i.e. 864 CUs) Conditional Access (CA): mechanism by which the user access to servi
35、ce components can be restricted convolutional coding: coding procedure which generates redundancy in the transmitted data stream in order to provide ruggedness against transmission distortions DAB audio frame: The same as audio frame, but includes all specific DAB audio-related information. DAB tran
36、smission signal: transmitted radio frequency signal data service: service which comprises a non-audio primary service component and optionally additional secondary service components ensemble: transmitted signal, comprising a set of regularly and closely-spaced orthogonal carriers The ensemble is th
37、e entity which is received and processed. In general, it contains programme and data services Entitlement Checking Messages (ECM): messages containing information about the conditions required for accessing service components, which are intended for restricted access, and for descrambling the data E
38、ntitlement Management Messages (EMM): messages containing information about the conditions required for accessing service components which are intended for restricted access and for descrambling the data Equal Error Protection (EEP): error protection procedure which ensure a constant protection of t
39、he bit stream Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD): extended part of the PAD carried towards the end of the DAB audio frame, immediately before the Scale Factor Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Its length is variable. Fast Information Block (FIB): data burst of 256 bits The sequence of FIBS is ca
40、rried by the Fast Information Channel. The structure of the FIB is common to all transmission modes Fast Information Channel (FIC): part of the transmission frame, comprising the Fast Information Blocks, which contains the multiplex configuration information together with optional service Informatio
41、n and data service components ETSI 7 ETSI TR 1 O1 496-1 V1.l.l (2000-1 1) Fast Information Data Channel (FIDC): dedicated part of the Fast Information Channel which is available for non-audio related data services, such as paging Fast Information Group (FIG): package of data used for one application
42、 in the Fast Information Channel Eight different types are available to provide a classification of the applications. Fixed Programme Associated Data (F-PAD): fixed part of the PAD contained in the last two bytes of the DAB audio frame joint stereo mode: audio mode in which two channels forming a st
43、ereo pair (left and right) are encoded within one bit stream and for which stereophonic irrelevance or redundancy is exploited for further bit reduction The method used in the DAB system is Intensity stereo coding. logical frame: data burst, contributing to the contents of a sub-channel, during a ti
44、me interval of 24 ms For example, data bursts at the output of an audio encoder, a Conditional Access scrambler and a convolutional encoder are referred to as logical frames. The number of bits contained in a specific logical kame depends on the stage in the encoding process and the bit rate associa
45、ted with the sub-channel. Main Service Channel (MSC): channel which occupies the major part of the transmission frame and which carries all the digital audio service components, together with possible supporting and additional data service components Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI): inform
46、ation defining the configuration of the multiplex It contains the current (and in the case of an imminent re-configuration, the forthcoming) details about the services, service components and sub-channels and the linking between these objects. It is carried in the FIC in order that a receiver can in
47、terpret this information in advance of the service components carried in the Main Service Channel. It also includes identification of the ensemble itself and a date and time marker. null symbol: first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbol of the transmission kame OFDM symbol: transmi
48、tted signal for that portion of time when the modulating phase state is held constant on each of the equi-spaced, equal amplitude carriers in the ensemble Each carrier is four-phase differentially modulated kom one symbol to another, giving a gross bit rate of two bits per carrier per symbol. packet
49、 mode: mode of data transmission in which data are carried in addressable blocks called packets Packets are used to convey MSC data groups within a sub-channel. primary service component: first and mandatory component of a service It can be used as a default selection in the receiver. Programme Associated Data (PAD): information which is related to the audio data in terms of contents and synchronization The PAD field is located at the end of the DAB audio frame. programme item: time-slice of a programme, for example, a piece of music or a news report programme service:
