1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationGeotechnical investigationand testing Field testingPart 1: Electrical cone and piezoconepenetration testBS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012Incorporating corrigendum Janu
2、ary 2013BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 22476-1:2012.It is identical to ISO 22476-1:2012, incorporating corrigendum January2013. It partially supersedes BS 1377-9:1990, specifically Clause3.1, and also BS 5930:1999+A2:2
3、010, which is being revised to remove any conflicting material. Where conflict arises between BS EN ISO 22476-1 and either BS 1377-9:1990 or BS 5930:1990+A2:2010,the provisions of BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012 take precedence. In BS 5930:1999+A2:2010, specifically in Clause 26.3, where any mentionto Clause
4、 3.1 in BS 1377-9:1990 or to the International Reference Test Procedure is found, they should all be replaced by a reference toBS EN ISO 22476-1:2012.ISO corrigendum January 2013 replaced Figure 4 with a correctedfigure. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted byTechnical Committee B/5
5、26, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/ 526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its c
6、orrect application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77121 7ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strateg
7、y Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 22476-1 September 2012 ICS 93.020 English Version Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone pe
8、netration test (ISO 22476-1:2012) Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 1: Essai de pntration au cne lectrique et au pizocne (ISO 22476-1:2012) Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 1: Drucksondierungen mit elektrischen Messwertaufnehmern und
9、 Messeinrichtungen fr den Porenwasserdruck (ISO 22476-1:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 September 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
10、without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any ot
11、her language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic
12、, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COM
13、MITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-1:2012: EBS EN ISO 22476-1
14、:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 22476-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing“, the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics“. This European Standa
15、rd shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this d
16、ocument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standar
17、d: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
18、, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 2 3.1 Terms and definitions .
19、 2 3.2 Symbols 9 4 Equipment 10 4.1 Cone penetrometer 10 4.2 Tolerances 10 4.3 Surface roughness 11 4.4 Cone 11 4.5 Friction sleeve . 12 4.6 Filter element . 13 4.7 Gaps and soil seals . 15 4.8 Push rods . 15 4.9 Measuring system . 15 4.10 Thrust machine 16 5 Test procedures . 16 5.1 Selection of co
20、ne penetrometer . 16 5.2 Selection of equipment and procedures . 17 5.3 Position and level of thrust machine . 19 5.4 Preparation of the test 19 5.5 Pushing of the cone penetrometer 19 5.6 Use of friction reducer 20 5.7 Frequency of logging parameters . 20 5.8 Registration of penetration length . 20
21、 5.9 Dissipation test 21 5.10 Test completion . 21 5.11 Equipment checks and calibrations 21 5.12 Safety requirements 22 6 Test results 22 6.1 Measured parameters . 22 6.2 Correction of parameters 22 6.3 Calculated parameters 24 7 Reporting 24 7.1 General . 24 7.2 Reporting of test results . 24 7.3
22、Presentation of test results 26 7.4 Presentation of test results and calculated parameters . 26 Annex A (normative) Maintenance, checks and calibration . 28 Annex B (normative) Calculation of penetration depth 32 Annex C (informative) Correction of sleeve friction for water pressure . 33 Annex D (in
23、formative) Preparation of the piezocone 34 Annex E (informative) Uncertainties in cone penetrometer testing. 35 BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBibliography 36 Figures Figure 1 Cross section of an example of a cone
24、 penetrometer 3 Figure 2 Locations of pore pressure filters 6 Figure 3 Penetration length and penetration depth (schematic only) . 8 Figure 4 Tolerance requirements for use of 1000 mm2cone penetrometer 12 Figure 5 Geometry and tolerances of friction sleeve 13 Figure 6 Correction of cone resistance a
25、nd sleeve friction due to the unequal end area effect . 23 Figure A.1 Pressure chamber for determination of the net area ratio, a . 30 Tables Table 1 Types of cone penetration test . 17 Table 2 Application classes . 18 Table A.1 Control scheme for maintenance routines 29 BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN
26、ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction The electrical cone penetration test (CPT) consists of pushing a cone penetrometer using a series of push rods into the soil at a constant rate of penetration. During penetration, measurements of c
27、one resistance and sleeve friction are recorded. The piezocone penetration test (CPTU) also includes the measurement of pore pressures around the cone. The test results can be used for interpretation of stratification, classification of soil type and evaluation of engineering soil parameters. Two In
28、ternational Standards define cone penetration tests: ISO 22476-1 defines CPT and CPTU practice using electronic transducers; ISO 22476-12 defines CPT practice using mechanical measuring systems. “Cone resistance” is the term used in practice and in this part of ISO 22476, although “cone penetration
29、resistance” is a more correct description of the process. The test results of this part of ISO 22476 are specially suited for the qualitative and/or quantitative determination of a soil profile together with direct investigations (e.g. sampling according to ISO 22475-1 2) or as a relative comparison
30、 of other in situ tests. The results from a cone penetration test are used to evaluate: stratification; soil type; geotechnical parameters such as soil density, shear strength parameters, and deformation and consolidation characteristics. BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:20
31、12 (E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22476-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration test 1 Scope This part of ISO 22476 deals with equipment requirements, the execution of and reporting on electrical co
32、ne and piezocone penetration tests. NOTE 1 This part of ISO 22476 fulfills the requirements for electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests as part of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 3 and EN 1997-2 4. Within the electrical cone and piezocone penetration test, two s
33、ubcategories of the cone penetration test are considered: electrical cone penetration test (CPT), which includes measurement of cone resistance and sleeve friction; piezocone test (CPTU), which is a cone penetration test with the additional measurement of pore pressure. The CPTU is performed like a
34、CPT with the measurement of the pore pressure at one or several locations on the penetrometer surface. NOTE 2 CPT or CPTU can also be used without measurement of sleeve friction, but this is not covered in this part of ISO 22476. This part of ISO 22476 specifies the following features: a) type of co
35、ne penetration test, according to Table 1; b) application class, according to Table 2; c) penetration length or penetration depth; d) elevation of the ground surface or the underwater ground surface at the location of the cone penetration test with reference to a datum; e) location of the cone penet
36、ration test relative to a reproducible fixed location reference point; f) pore pressure dissipation tests. NOTE 3 This part of ISO 22476 covers onshore and nearshore CPT. For extra requirements for offshore CPT, see NORSOK G-001 8. BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)I
37、SO 22476-1:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including an
38、y amendments) applies. ISO 8503, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates ISO 10012, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment 3 Terms, def
39、initions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 average surface roughness Ra average deviation between the real surface of the cone penetrometer and a medium reference plane placed along the surface of the cone penetr
40、ometer 3.1.2 cone conical shaped bottom part of the cone penetrometer and the cylindrical extension NOTE 1 When pushing the penetrometer into the ground, the cone resistance is transferred through the cone to the load sensor. NOTE 2 This part of ISO 22476 assumes that the cone is rigid, so when load
41、ed its deformation is very small relative to the deformation of other parts of the cone penetrometer. 3.1.3 cone penetration test CPT pushing of a cone penetrometer at the end of a series of cylindrical push rods into the ground at a constant rate of penetration 3.1.4 cone penetrometer assembly cont
42、aining the cone, friction sleeve, any other sensors and measuring systems as well as the connection to the push rods NOTE An example of a cone penetrometer is shown in Figure 1; for other filter locations, see Figure 2. BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2
43、012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3a) Cone resistance and sleeve friction load cells in compression b) Cone resistance load cell in compression and sleeve friction load cells in tension c) Subtraction type cone penetrometer Key 1 sleeve load cell 2 point load cell overload protection device 3 cone
44、 load cell 4 thread 5 soil seal Figure 1 Cross section of an example of a cone penetrometer 3.1.5 cone resistance cone penetration resistance 3.1.6 corrected cone resistance qtmeasured cone resistance, qc, corrected for pore pressure effects 3.1.7 corrected friction ratio Rftratio of the measured or
45、 corrected sleeve friction to the corrected cone resistance measured at the same depth NOTE Usually the measured sleeve friction is used; however, if available, the corrected sleeve friction is used. BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2012(E) 4 ISO 2012 Al
46、l rights reserved3.1.8 corrected sleeve friction ftmeasured sleeve friction, fs, corrected for pore pressure effects 3.1.9 dissipation test measurement of the pore pressure change with time during a pause in pushing while holding the cone penetrometer stationary 3.1.10 electrical cone penetration te
47、st cone penetration test where forces are measured electrically in the cone penetrometer 3.1.11 excess pore pressure u1, u2, u3pore pressure in excess of the ambient pore pressure at the level of the filter caused by the penetration of the cone penetrometer into the ground: 011uuu (1) 022uuu (2) 033
48、uuu (3) 3.1.12 filter element porous element in the cone penetrometer that transmits the pore pressure to the pore pressure sensor, maintaining the geometry of the cone penetrometer 3.1.13 friction ratio Rfratio of the measured sleeve friction to the measured cone resistance at the same depth 3.1.14
49、 friction reducer local and symmetrical enlargement of the diameter of a push rod to obtain a reduction of the friction along the push rods 3.1.15 friction sleeve section of the cone penetrometer where friction between the soil and the sleeve is measured BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012BS EN ISO 22476-1:2012EN ISO 22476-1:2012 (E)ISO 22476-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 53.1.16 in situ equilibrium pore pressure uooriginal in situ pore pressure at filter depth
