1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test of hardness and materials parametersPart 1: Test methodBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO14577-1:2015. It supersedes BS EN ISO
2、 14577-1:2002 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/101/5, Indentation hardness testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
3、cessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 75794 5ICS 77.040.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard wa
4、s published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14577-1 July 2015 ICS 77.040.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14577-1:2002English Version Metallic materials
5、 - Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters - Part 1: Test method (ISO 14577-1:2015) Matriaux mtalliques - Essai de pntration instrument pour la dtermination de la duret et de paramtres des matriaux - Partie 1 : Mthode dessai (ISO 14577-1:2015)Metallische Werkstoffe - Inst
6、rumentierte Eindringprfung zur Bestimmung der Hrte und anderer Werkstoffparameter - Teil 1: Prfverfahren (ISO 14577-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
7、 this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offici
8、al versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of A
9、ustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
10、eden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
11、CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14577-1:2015 EBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015EN ISO 14577-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 14577-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 “Mechanical testing of metals” in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 101 “Test me
12、thods for steel (other than chemical analysis)” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
13、 withdrawn at the latest by January 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 14577-1:2002
14、. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, G
15、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14577-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14
16、577-1:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Symbols and designations 24 Principle 45 Testing machine 46 Test piece 57 Procedure. 58 Uncertainty of the results 89 Test report . 9Annex A (normative) Materia
17、ls parameters determined from the force/indentation depth data set .11Annex B (informative) Types of control use for the indentation process .24Annex C (normative) Machine compliance and indenter area function .25Annex D (informative) Notes on diamond indenters 27Annex E (normative) Influence of the
18、 test piece surface roughness on the accuracy of the results .28Annex F (informative) Correlation of indentation hardness HITto Vickers hardness .29Annex G (normative) Drift and creep rate determination 31Annex H (informative) Estimation of uncertainty of the calculated values of hardness and materi
19、als parameters .33Annex I (normative) Calculation of radial displacement correction .43Bibliography .45 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar
20、ds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi
21、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its fu
22、rther maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/direct
23、ives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
24、Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related
25、 to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 3,
26、 Hardness testing.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14577-1:2002), which has been technically revised.ISO 14577 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters: Part 1: Test
27、method Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks Part 4: Test method for metallic and non-metallic coatingsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)IntroductionHardness has typically been defined as the resistance
28、of a material to permanent penetration by another harder material. The results obtained when performing Rockwell, Vickers, and Brinell tests are determined after the test force has been removed. Therefore, the effect of elastic deformation under the indenter has been ignored.ISO 14577 (all parts) ha
29、s been prepared to enable the user to evaluate the indentation of materials by considering both the force and displacement during plastic and elastic deformation. By monitoring the complete cycle of increasing and removal of the test force, hardness values equivalent to traditional hardness values c
30、an be determined. More significantly, additional properties of the material, such as its indentation modulus and elasto-plastic hardness, can also be determined. All these values can be calculated without the need to measure the indent optically. Furthermore, by a variety of techniques, the instrume
31、nted indentation test allows to record hardness and modulus depth profiles within a, probably complex, indentation cycle.ISO 14577 (all parts) has been written to allow a wide variety of post-test data analysis. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015BS EN ISO 14577-1:2015Metallic mater
32、ials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 1: Test method1 ScopeThis part of ISO 14577 specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determination of hardness and other materials parameters for the following three ranges: macro range: 2 N F 30 kN; micro
33、 range: 2 N F; h 0,2 m; nano range: h 0,2 m.For the nano range, the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the calculated material parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore, caref
34、ul calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determined with different machines.The macro and micro ranges are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth.Attention is drawn to
35、 the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 m.The determination of hardness and other material parameters is given in Annex A.At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For this reason in
36、the macro range, hardmetal indenters are often used. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity, permanent indenter deformation can occur and can be detected using suitable reference materials. It is necessary that its influence on the test result be taken into account.This te
37、st method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case, it is recommended that the specifications in the relevant standards be taken into account (see also 6.3 and ISO 14577-4).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in pa
38、rt, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14577-2:2015, Metallic materials Instrumented
39、indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machinesISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14577-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights re
40、served 1BS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)3 Symbols and designationsFor the purposes of this document, the symbols and designations in Table 1 shall be applied (see also Figure 1 and Figure 2).Table 1 Symbols and designationsSymbol Designation UnitAp(hc) Projected area of contact of the inden
41、ter at distance hcfrom the tip mm2As(h) Surface area of the indenter at distance h from the tip mm2CITIndentation creep %CTTotal measured compliance of the contact (dh/dF tangent to the force removal curve at maximum test force)nm/mNCFInstrument compliance nm/mNCSCompliance of the contact after corr
42、ection for machine compliance nm/mNEITIndentation modulus of the test piece GPaErReduced plane strain modulus of the contact (combination of test piece and indenter plane strain moduli)GPaF Test force NFmaxMaximum test force Nh Indentation depth under applied test force mmhcDepth of the contact of t
43、he indenter with the test piece at FmaxmmhmaxMaximum indentation depth at FmaxmmhpPermanent indentation depth after removal of the test force mmhrPoint of intersection of the tangent c to curve b at Fmaxwith the indentation depth-axis as identified on Figure 1mmHITIndentation hardness GPaHM Martens
44、hardness GPaHMsMartens hardness, determined from the slope of the increasing force/indentation depth curveGPaHMdiff Martens hardness, determined from the first derivative of h vs FGPasPoissons ratio of the test piecer Radius of spherical indenter mmRITIndentation relaxation %WelastElastic reverse de
45、formation work of indentation NmWtotalTotal mechanical work of indentation NmCone semi-angle or angle of facet to the indentation axis for pyramidal indentersMaximum angle between the contact surface and the indenter for calculation of radial displacementITRatio Welast/Wtotal%NOTE 1 To avoid very lo
46、ng numbers, the use of multiples or sub-multiples of the units is permitted.NOTE 2 The continued use of the unit N/mm2is allowed. 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)Keya application of the test forceb removal of the test forcec tangent to curve b a
47、t FmaxFigure 1 Schematic representation of the test procedureKeya indenterb surface of residual plastic indentation in a test piece that has a “perfectly plastic” responsec surface of test piece at maximum indentation depth and test force maximum angle between the test piece surface and the indenter
48、Figure 2 Schematic representation of the cross section of indentation in the case of material “sink-in” ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 14577-1:2015ISO 14577-1:2015(E)4 PrincipleContinuous recording of the force and the depth of indentation permits the determination of hardness and material
49、properties (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). An indenter consisting of a material harder than the material under test shall be used. The following shapes and materials can be used:a) diamond indenter shaped as an orthogonal pyramid with a square base and with an angle = 68 between the axis of the diamond pyramid and one of the faces (Vickers pyramid; see Figure A.1);b) diamond pyramid with triangular base (e.g. modified Berkovich pyramid with an angle = 65,27 between the axis of the diamond pyramid and o
