1、BS EN 16727-2-2:2016Railway applications Track Noise barriers and relateddevices acting on airbornesound propagation Non-acoustic performancePart 2-2: Mechanical performance underdynamic loadings caused by passing trains Calculation methodBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.ind
2、d 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16727-2-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16727-2-2:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this com
3、mittee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 83484 4ICS 93.100Co
4、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16727-2-2:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENN
5、E EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16727-2-2 May 2016 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation - Non-acoustic performance - Part 2-2: Mechanical performance under dynamic loadings caused by passing trains - Calculation method
6、 Applications ferroviaires - Voie - crans antibruit et dispositifs connexes influant sur la propagation arienne du son - Performances non acoustiques - Partie 2-2: Tenue mcanique sous charges dynamiques dues la circulation ferroviaire - Mthode de calcul Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Lrmschutzwnde und
7、verwandte Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung - Nicht akustische Eigenschaften - Teil 2-2: Mechanische Eigenschaftsanforderungen unter dynamischen Belastungen infolge Zugverkehr - Berechnungsverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 March 2016. CEN members are
8、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to th
9、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cent
10、re has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani
11、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000
12、 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16727-2-2:2016 EBS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definition
13、s . 5 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6 5 Quasi-static equivalent load model 7 5.1 Application requirements 7 5.2 Air pressure wave . 7 5.3 Quasi-static equivalent load 7 5.4 Length factor . 7 5.5 Height factor . 8 5.6 Dynamic factor . 9 6 Relevant load model position of the air pressure wave at noise
14、 barriers 11 6.1 Load qDS11 6.2 Mid-post . 11 6.3 End-post . 12 6.4 Corner-post 13 6.5 Panel . 14 7 Internal forces on a post 15 7.1 General . 15 7.2 Static system 16 7.3 Internal forces on a post 16 8 Calculation report 16 Annex A (informative) Natural frequency of the wall system . 17 Annex B (inf
15、ormative) Example of use 20 Bibliography . 22 BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16727-2-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the
16、 status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
17、the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This European Standard is one of the series EN 16727, Railwa
18、y applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Non-acoustic performance, as listed below: Part 1: Mechanical performance under static loadings Calculation and test methods currently at Enquiry stage; Part 2-1: Mechanical performance under dynamic loading
19、s due to passing trains Resistance to fatigue currently at Enquiry stage; Part 2-2: Mechanical performance under dynamic loadings caused by passing trains Calculation method published; Part 3: General safety and environmental requirements currently at Enquiry stage. It should be read in conjunction
20、with: EN 1990, Eurocode Basis of structural design; EN 1991-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges; EN 1992 series, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures; EN 1993 series, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures; EN 1997 series, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design; EN 19
21、99 series, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures; EN 14067-4, Railway applications Aerodynamics Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound t
22、o implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R
23、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 4 Introduction Passing trains generate pressure variations in the shape of air pressure waves which impact on noise barriers installed alongside the track. Noise barriers
24、need to withstand this impact without any part of them becoming detached or displaced in a way that creates a safety hazard for passing trains or people. This European standard presents a calculation method to assess the capacity of noise barriers having a post-and-panel structure with piled foundat
25、ions to resist this pressure variation including an allowance for dynamic response of the structure. The air pressure wave generated by a passing train is described in terms of two block loads in EN 1991-2:2003, 6.6.2. For calculating realistic static and dynamic actions on noise barriers, it is nec
26、essary to consider also the shape of the air pressure wave and the dynamic effects. BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard defines the loading, the relevant load model positions and the internal forces acting on noise barriers, due to the air pressure wave set out
27、 in EN 1991-2:2003, 6.6.2. The vertical and horizontal shapes of the air pressure wave and the dynamic effects have been taken into account. The calculation method described in this European standard has been developed for noise barriers having a post-and-panel structure with piled foundations. It c
28、an also be used where cladding is attached to a rigid structure. For structures with piled foundations, an empirical formula for determination of the natural frequency is given in Annex A. Annex B contains an example of application of the calculation method for determination of internal forces and m
29、oments acting on a mid-post. The design of noise barriers (e.g. to fatigue resistance) is not part of this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
30、the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1991-2:2003, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and
31、 definitions apply. 3.1 noise barrier noise reducing device, which obstructs the direct transmission of airborne sound emanating from railways and which will typically span between posts and also may overhang the railway Note 1 to entry: Noise barriers are generally made of acoustic and structural e
32、lements (3.3 and 3.4). 3.2 cladding noise reducing device, which is attached to a wall or other structure and reduces the amount of sound reflected Note 1 to entry: Claddings are generally made of acoustic and structural elements (3.3 and 3.4). 3.3 acoustic element element whose primary function is
33、to provide the acoustic performance of the device 3.4 structural element element whose primary function is to support or hold in place acoustic elements Note 1 to entry: In some noise barriers the acoustic function and the structural function cannot be clearly separated and attributed to different c
34、omponents. 3.5 added device added component that influences the acoustic performance of the original noise-reducing device (acting primarily on the diffracted energy) BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 6 3.6 load model simplified mathematical description of a complicated loading, such as the
35、air pressure wave generated by a passing train 3.7 quasi-static load model load model including dynamic effects of loading 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. agdistance of wall system surface from the centreline of the track
36、in m a spacing to a post or between two posts along track in m f first natural frequency of the wall system in Hz h wall height above rail top in m hm height between the surface of the ground and the top of the rail hu height between the top of the pile and the surface of the ground L influence leng
37、th in m lmeffective influence length for the calculation of a mid-post Mmaxmaximum bending moment in kNm/m Mpostbending moment of a post in kNm q1kloading according to EN 1991-2:2003, 6.6.2, in kN/m2without considering the factor k2qDSquasi-static load for the air pressure wave due to a passing trai
38、n at an elevation z above rail top considering the influence length, wall height and dynamic effects in kN/m2qpostloading for a post in kN/m with reference to post height sDShorizontal spacing between the two relevant load model positions of the air pressure wave for maximum structural reactions, in
39、 m Vmaxmaximum shear force in kN/m Vpostshear force of a post in kN Vtraintrain velocity in m/s (design speed) z elevation above rail top in m, where the quasi-static equivalent load shall be calculated. For elevations z 1,5: dyn= 1,10 BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 10 Figure 1 Dynamic fa
40、ctor dynThe ratio tis given by: =DSttrainsfV(4) where sDSis the horizontal spacing between the two relevant load model positions of the air pressure wave for maximum structural reactions, in metres. It depends on the influence length as shown in Table 3. Table 3 Parameter sDSL (m) 0,0 2,5 5,0 7,5 10
41、,0 12,5 15,0 sDS(m) 8,3 8,4 8,8 9,3 10,0 10,8 11,8 For the panels: influence length L = span length, in m. For the posts: influence length L = sum of the adjacent and track-parallel span lengths of panels, in m; Vtrainis the train velocity in m/s (design speed of the line); f is the first natural fr
42、equency of the wall system, in Hz. The first natural frequency of the wall system shall be determined by considering all relevant parameters. For most noise barriers with piled foundations it should be sufficient to use the formulae for natural frequency provided in Annex A, the application limits a
43、re satisfied. However, if the application limits set out in Annex A are not satisfied, it is necessary to calculate the natural frequency for the wall system under consideration from first principles. The dynamic factor dynshall be calculated for the various structural segments using the natural fre
44、quency of the wall system and the influence length L of the wall segment in question. When the natural frequency is to be (or wanted to be) calculated, the following shall be considered: BS EN 16727-2-2:2016EN 16727-2-2:2016 (E) 11 a) For vertical variation of the horizontal dynamic soil modulus, it
45、 shall be assumed that the modulus has a value of zero at the ground surface, increasing linearly to its maximum value at a depth of 3 m, and then remaining constant at its maximum value for depths greater than 3 m. Piled foundations used on slopes will require a specific analysis to take account of
46、 the changing direction of loading and the inclination of the ground. b) The dynamic foundation parameters for design, as well as guidance on the possible loss of soil restraint to the upper part of the pile, and how this should be taken into account, shall be obtained from the soil report. c) The d
47、egree of restraint to noise barriers provided by adjacent structures (e.g. noise barrier on retaining walls) shall be assessed by considering the stiffness of the combined structural system and the anchorage details. d) Noise barriers made of concrete shall be checked to establish whether they will
48、change from an uncracked to a cracked condition under loading. The influence of cracking on the stiffness of the structure shall be considered. e) For the calculation of claddings attached to rigid structures the natural frequency of the single element shall be used rather than the natural frequency
49、 of the whole system. Because of the importance of the natural frequency for calculation of the dynamic amplification of the structure, it is recommended that the dimensions of the noise barrier be established for a range of tvalues. NOTE Determination of the natural frequency by calculation can be avoided by using the maximum value of the dynamic factor dyn= 3,25, representing an extreme case. 6 Relevant load model position of the air pressure wave at noise barriers 6.1 Load qDSThe quasi-static equivalent l
