1、BS EN 937:2009ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDChemicals used fortreatment of waterintended for humanconsumption ChlorineCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleN
2、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58598 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 937:2009National fo
3、rewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 937:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 937:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
4、obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardizati
5、on Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 937June 2009ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 937:1999 English VersionChemicals used for treatment of water intended f
6、or humanconsumption - ChlorineProduits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leaudestine la consommation humaine - ChloreProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr denmenschlichen Gebrauch - ChlorThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CE
7、NELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any
8、 CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN
9、members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
10、, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No.
11、 EN 937:2009: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction . 51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Descript
12、ion . 63.1 Identification . 63.1.1 Chemical name . 63.1.2 Synonym or common name 63.1.3 Relative molecular mass . 63.1.4 Empirical formula. 63.1.5 Chemical formula . 63.1.6 CAS Registry Number 73.1.7 EINECS reference . 73.2 Commercial form . 73.3 Physical properties 73.3.1 Appearance 73.3.2 Density
13、73.3.3 Solubility (in water) 73.3.4 Vapour pressure 73.3.5Boiling point at 100 kPa . 73.3.6 Liquefaction point 73.3.7 Specific heat . 83.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) . 83.3.9 Critical temperature . 83.3.10 Critical pressure. 83.3.11 Physical hardness . 83.4 Chemical properties 84 Purity criteria 84.1 Gen
14、eral 84.2 Composition of commercial product . 94.3 Impurities and main by-products . 94.4 Chemical parameters 95 Test methods 105.1 General 105.2 Sampling . 105.3 Analysis 105.3.1 Determination of chlorine content . 105.3.2 Determination of water content 105.3.3 Determination of nitrogen trichloride
15、 content 106 Labelling - Transportation - Storage 106.1 Means of delivery . 106.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU directives 106.3 Transportation regulations and labelling 116.4 Marking . 116.5 Storage 126.5.1 Storage conditions 126.5.2 Long term stability . 126.5.3 Storage incom
16、patibilities 12Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 3 Annex A (informative) General information on chlorine . 13A.1 Origin 13A.1.1 Raw ma
17、terials 13A.1.2 Manufacturing process . 13A.2 Use 13A.2.1 Function 13A.2.2 Form in which the product is used 13A.2.3 Treatment dose 13A.2.4 Means of application . 13A.2.5 Secondary effects 13A.2.6 Removal of excess product 13Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety . 14B.1 Rules for safe
18、 handling and use 14B.2 Emergency procedures . 14B.2.1 General . 14B.2.2 First aid . 14B.2.3 Spillage . 14B.2.4 Fire 14Annex C (normative) Determination of nitrogen trichloride (molecular absorption spectrometry) . 15C.1 General . 15C.2 Principle 15C.3 Reaction 15C.4 Reagents. 15C.5 Apparatus . 16C.
19、6 Sampling and samples 17C.7 Procedure . 17C.7.1 Calibration solutions . 17C.7.2 Discharge and evaporation (see Figure C.1) 17C.7.3 Test solution 18C.7.4 Determination 19C.7.5 Blank test determination . 19C.8 Calculation and expression of the results 21C.8.1 Calibration graph (see Table C.1) 21C.8.2
20、 Test solution 21Bibliography 23Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 937:2009) has been prepared by Technica
21、l Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdra
22、wn at the latest by December 2009. This document supersedes EN 937:1999. Differences between this edition and EN 937:1999 are mainly editorial to harmonize the text with other standards in this series and more precisely as follows: a) deletion of reference to EU Directive 80/778/EEC of July 15, 1980
23、 in order to take into account the latest Directive in force (see 1); b) deletion of Hg as Chemical Parameter in Table 1. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium
24、, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Copyright European Commit
25、tee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 5 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the
26、product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing nati
27、onal regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European St
28、andard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard
29、 is applicable to chlorine used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of chlorine and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for chlorine. It gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Normative references The following
30、 referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification
31、 and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) ISO 1552, Liquid chlorine for industrial use Method of sampling (for determining only the volumetric chlorine content) ISO 2120, Liquid chlorine for industrial use Determination of the content of chlorine by volume in the vaporized product ISO 2121, Liquid chlorine
32、for industrial use Determination of water content Gravimetric method ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Chlorine. 3.1.2 Synonym or common name Liquid chlorine. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 70,91. 3.1.4 Empirical fo
33、rmula Cl2. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Cl2. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 7 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)7782-50-5. 3.1.7 EINECS referen
34、ce 2)231-959-5. 3.2 Commercial form Pressurized liquefied gas. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance Liquid chlorine is a clear, amber coloured liquid. Chlorine gas is greenish yellow, 2,5 times heavier than air. It has a suffocating and characteristic odour. 3.3.2 Density Liquid: 1,409 g/ml at 2
35、0 C. Gas: 3,169 kg/m3at 101.3 kPa at 0 C; 2,945 kg/m3at 101.3 kPa at 20 C. 3.3.3 Solubility (in water) 7,26 g/l at 20 C and 100 kPa. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure 669 kPa at 20 C. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3) - 34 C. 3.3.6 Liquefaction point - 101 C at 100 kPa. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Nu
36、mber. 2)European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. 3)100 kPa = 1 bar. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 8 3.3.7 Sp
37、ecific heat Liquid : 920 J/(kg.K) at - 34 C. Gas : 475 J/(kg.K) at 0 C. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Gas : 1 333 x 10-8 Pa.s at 20 C. Liquid : 4,78 x 10-4 Pa.s at - 34 C. 3.3.9 Critical temperature 144 C. 3.3.10 Critical pressure 7 710,83 kPa. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical prope
38、rties Chlorine is a very strong oxidizing agent and can react violently with some gases such as hydrogen. Almost all metals form chlorides in the presence of chlorine. Organic compounds including mineral oils and greases react very quickly with chlorine. The standard redox potential of gaseous chlor
39、ine in neutral aqueous solution at 25 C and 101.3 mbar is: Cl2(gas)+ 2e-= 2 Cl-(aq) E0=+1,36 V (1) 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for chlorine used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impuriti
40、es commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clar
41、ify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Copyright European Committee for Standardization P
42、rovided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 937:2009EN 937:2009 (E) 9 Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current produ
43、ction process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product The product shall contain at least a volume fraction of 99,5 %
44、chlorine. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Impurities Impurities Limit in mg/kg of product Water (H20) 20Nitrogen trichloride (NCl3) 20aaValid for containers with a net mass of max. 1000 kg liquid chlorine. For tanks with
45、 a higher capacity the limit shall be lowered to 10 mg/kg due to safety concerns (see 4 for further details). NOTE 1 Other by-products consist of inert gases (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen) in variable proportion which are not relevant for the purposes described in this European Standar
46、d. NOTE 2 Carbon tetrachloride, which is used in some chlorine manufacturing plants as an auxiliary solvent in chlorine processing, and other chlorinated hydrocarbons originating from rubberised or plastic piping might be present in traces in chlorine, but are not relevant due to the low dosage of c
47、hlorine to water intended for human consumption. Chlorine can also contain traces of bromine, depending on the purity of the salt used in the electrolytic process and the subsequent chlorine processing. 4.4 Chemical parameters Heavy metals, which might be present in traces in liquid chlorine, are no
48、 relevant chemical parameters for gaseous chlorine that is applied in water treatment. Cyanide, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. NOTE For the purpose of this standard, “chemical parameters“ are those defined in the EU Directive 98/83/EC of November 3, 1998 (1). For their parametric values in drinking water see 1.” Co
