1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ICS 13.110; 13.180
2、NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 3: Control actuators +A1:200 894-3:2000 8National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008.
3、 It supersedes BS EN 894-3:2000 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK pa
4、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsi
5、ble for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008 This British Standard was published under the
6、authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 64053 7 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 894-3:2000+A1 October 2008 ICS 13.100; 13.180 Supersedes EN 894-3:2000 English Version Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the des
7、ign of displays and control actuators - Part 3: Control actuators Scurit des machines - Exigences ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et des organes de service - Partie 3: Organes de service Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Anze
8、igen und Stellteilen - Teil 3: Stellteile This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standa
9、rd the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
10、 German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Cz
11、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EU
12、ROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008: EEN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Forewo
13、rd3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Selection procedure 7 5 Task evaluation and information collection7 6 Intermediate selection of control families.17 7 Identification of suitable control types21 8 Additional information for the design of manual control actuators.32
14、Annex A (informative) Example of the use of this standard .35 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .39 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard an
15、d the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.40 BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall
16、 be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This docume
17、nt supersedes EN 894-3:2000. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “ This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requireme
18、nts of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stand
19、ard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS E
20、N 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidance on the selection, design and location of control actuators so that they are adapted to the requirements of the operators, are suitable for the control task in question and take account of the circumstances
21、of their use. It applies to manual control actuators used in equipment for occupational and private use. It is particularly important to observe the recommendations in this European Standard where operating a control actuator may lead to injury or damage to health, either directly or as a result of
22、a human error. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendment
23、s to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 292-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general pri
24、nciples for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 574, Safety of machinery - Two hand control devices -Functional aspects Principles for design EN 614-1, Saf
25、ety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN 894 1, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators. EN 894 2, Saf
26、ety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 2: Displays. prEN 1005-3, Safety of machinery - Human physical strength - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation. EN 1050, Safety of machinery - Risk assessment. ISO 447, Machine tool
27、s - Direction of operation of controls. IEC 60447, Man-machine interface (MMI) - Actuating principles. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 control actuator the part of the control actuating system that is directly actuate
28、d by the operator, e.g. by applying pressure EN 894-1 BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 5 3.2 manual control actuator a control actuator adjusted or manipulated by human hand to effect change in a system, e.g., push-button, knob, steering wheel. Touch sensitive actuation is not inclu
29、ded. 3.3 control type a range of control actuators with the same movement and grip characteristics, and fulfilling similar task requirements 3.4 control family a group of control types 3.5 operator the person or persons given the task of installing, operating, adjusting, maintaining, cleaning, repai
30、ring or transporting machinery EN 292 -1 3.6 task (work task) an activity or activities required to achieve an intended outcome of the work system EN 614-1 3.7 control task an activity where a control actuator is used to achieve a task goal BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 6 Figure
31、1 Overall selection process for manual control actuators BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 7 4 Selection procedure Many types of manual control actuators are available from push-buttons to hand wheels. Each type is suited to particular task requirements and to certain operator capabi
32、lities. Environmental factors (e.g. illumination, vibration) and organisational factors (e.g. team work, workstation separation) also have to be considered. To ensure safe and efficient operation, correct selection of control actuators is important. The following describes a systematic procedure tha
33、t will enable designers and manufacturers to select manual control actuators meeting their specific requirements. The selection procedure involves three steps which are carried out in an iterative manner. These are: task evaluation and information collection; intermediate selection of control famili
34、es; identification of suitable control types. The main steps in the selection procedure are shown in figure 1. An example of a form for recording the results of the evaluation is shown in figure 2. Clause 5 describes the information that is required in order to select appropriate control actuators,
35、clauses 6 and 7 then describe how this information is used in order to make the selection. 5 Task evaluation and information collection 5.1 Requirements and characteristics The division of tasks between the operator and the equipment should have been determined early in the design process in accorda
36、nce with the recommendations in EN 614 -1 and EN 894 -1. There are general and specific requirements imposed by a task which normally cannot be changed. If it is not possible to find a suitable control actuator for a specified task then the allocation of this task or the task itself has to be recons
37、idered. The task requirements considered in this European Standard are ones that experience has shown to be most important in selecting manual control actuators, as follows: General task requirements a) Accuracy required in positioning the manual control actuator (accuracy); b) Speed of setting requ
38、ired (speed); c) Force/torque requirements (force). Specific task requirements d) Need for visual checking of manual control actuator setting (visual check); e) Need for tactile checking of setting (tactile check); f) Need to avoid inadvertent operation (inadvertent operate); g) Need to avoid hand s
39、lipping from manual control actuator (friction); BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 8 h) Need for operator to wear gloves (use with gloves); i) Need for easy cleaning (ease of cleaning). The general task requirements are used to identify classes of suitable control actuators. The spec
40、ific task requirements are used in selecting individual control actuators within these classes. In order to evaluate the task requirements the classification scheme illustrated in table 1 should be used. This differentiates between 5 different levels from 0 to 4. Table 1 Classification scheme for ev
41、aluating task requirements CODE SYMBOL Degree of requirements 0 Negligible 1 Low 2 Average 3 High 4 Very high The task requirements do not need to be evaluated precisely, therefore the detailed evaluation procedure given in 5.2 and 5.3, show classification systems that have been found to be sufficie
42、ntly accurate. The characteristics of the various types of control actuator need to be considered to determine the available selection options. This standard gives information on both movement characteristics and grip characteristics. In many cases some of the characteristics will have been predeter
43、mined by the task requirements. Movement characteristics: j) Type of movement; k) Axis of movement; l) Direction of movement; m) Continuity of movement; n) Angle of rotation for continuous rotary movements 180 0 Grip characteristics: o) Type of grip; p) Part of hand applying force; q) Method of appl
44、ying force. The above categories a - q are used throughout this standard. The shorter descriptions given in brackets after the full descriptions are used in table headings where space is limited. BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 9 DESCRIPTION OF INFORMATION Subclause Degree of Requi
45、rement (Classification) Remarks 0 1 2 3 4 General Task Requirements 5.2 a) Accuracy 5.2.1 b) Speed 5.2.2 c) Force 5.2.3 Specific task requirements 5.3 d) Visual check 5.3.1 e) Tactile check 5.3.2 f) Inadvertent operate 5.3.3 g) Friction 5.3.4 h) Use with gloves 5.3.5 i) Ease of cleaning 5.3.6 Moveme
46、nt characteristics 5.4 j) Type of movement 5.4.1 Linear Rotary k) Axis of movement 5.4.2 x y z x y z l) Direction of movement 5.4.3 +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- m) Continuity of movement 5.4.4 Continuous Discrete n) Angle of rotation for continuous rotary movement 180 5.4.5 Yes No Grip characteristics 5.
47、5 o) Type of grip (see fig 4) 5.5.1 Contact Pinch Clench p) Part of hand applying force 5.5.2 Finger Hand q) Method of applying force 5.5.3 Normal Tangential Figure 2 Example of form for recording information used in the selection procedure for manual control actuators BS EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008EN 894
48、-3:2000+A1:2008 (E) 10 5.2 Determination of general task requirements a) to c) The following subclauses describe the procedures for completing the recording form in figure 2. The method for assigning each general task requirement to a class in table 1 is described. All acceptable requirements should
49、 be entered on the recording form (see figure 2). 5.2.1 Task requirement a:) Classification of accuracy (accuracy) The accuracy required shall be assigned to one of the classes shown in table 1. The accuracy required in the operation of a manual control actuator is determined by the task that has to be performed. Accuracy is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which is continuity of movement required i.e. whether action of a manual control actuator takes place in discrete steps or continuously. Adequate feedback of infor
