1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 47:2005 Incorporating corrigendum no. 1 Wood preservatives Determination of the toxic values against larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) (Laboratory method) The European Standard EN 47:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 71.100.50 BS EN 47:2005 This British Stand
2、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2005 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 59986 6 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 47:2005, incorporating corrigendum August 2007. It supersedes BS 5435:1989 which is withdrawn.
3、The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags . Text altered by CEN corrigendum August 2007 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/515, Wood preservatives, to Subcommittee B/515
4、/1, Preservative preconditioning and biological testing. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. C
5、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 17367 Corrigendum No. 1 28 September 2007 See national foreword EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 47 March 2005 ICS 71.100.50 Supersedes EN 4
6、7:1988 English version Wood preservatives - Determination of the toxic values against larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - (Laboratory method) Produits de prservation des bois - Dtermination des valeurs toxiques contre les larves dHylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - (Mthode de laboratoire) Holzschu
7、tzmittel - Bestimmung der Grenze der Wirksamkeit gegenber Larven von Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - (Laborverfahren) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thi
8、s European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
9、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
10、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN
11、DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 47:2005: E Incorporating corrigendum August 2007EN 47:2005 (E) 2 Contents P
12、age Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative reference 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle5 5 Test materials.6 6 Sampling.8 7 Test specimens9 8 Procedure .10 9 Expression of results 13 10 Test report 14 Annex A (informative) Example of a test report .16 Annex B (informative) Technique fo
13、r culturing Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) .18 Annex C (normative) Differentiation of heartwood and sapwood in Pinus species.21 Annex D (informative) Environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical/biological laboratory .22 Bibliography 23 EN 47:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 47:2
14、005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of wood and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Sep
15、tember 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2005. This document supersedes EN 47:1988. Significant technical differences between this document and EN 47:1988 are as follows: a) introduction of new harmonised specifications for the test specimens used
16、 in the diverse biological tests; b) acknowledgement of the terms given in EN 1001-1; c) introduction of an informative Annex to take account of consideration for minimisation of environmental and health hazards caused by the use of this biological test. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulat
17、ions, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
18、ay, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 47:2005 (E) 4 Introduction This document describes a laboratory method of testing which gives a basis for the general assessment of the effectiveness of a wood preservative against Hylotrupes bajulus by deter
19、mination and comparison with different classes of larvae, of the concentration at which the product prevents their survival in totally impregnated wood of a susceptible species. In this respect it differs from the method specified in EN 46-1 which is intended to determine whether a preservative appl
20、ied to the surface is capable of preventing infestation of wood by these larvae. This laboratory method provides a criterion by which the value of a preservative can be assessed. In making this assessment the methods by which the preservative may be applied should be taken into account. It is furthe
21、r recommended that results from this test should be supplemented by those from other appropriate tests and, above all, by comparison with practical experience. When products which are very active at very low concentration are used, it is very important to take suitable precautions to isolate and sep
22、arate, as far as possible, operations involving chemical products, other products, treated wood, laboratory apparatus and clothing. Suitable precautions should include the use of separate rooms, areas within rooms, extraction facilities, conditioning chambers and special training for personnel (see
23、also Annex E for environmental, health and safety precautions). EN 47:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the toxic values of a wood preservative against the larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus), introduced into wood treated previously by full impregnation
24、. This method is applicable to: water-insoluble chemicals which are being studied as active insecticides; organic formulations, as supplied or as prepared in the laboratory by dilution of concentrates; organic water-dispersible formulations as supplied or as prepared in the laboratory by dilution of
25、 concentrates; and water-soluble materials, for example salts. The method is applicable whether or not the test specimens have been subjected to appropriate ageing procedures. 2 Normative reference The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated r
26、eferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docume
27、nt, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 representative sample sample having its physical or chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average characteristics of the total volume being sampled 3.2 supplier sponsor of the test (person or company providing the sample of wood prese
28、rvative to be tested) 4 Principle Impregnation of several sets of test specimens of susceptible wood species with a series of concentrations of the preservative. Introduction of Hylotrupes bajulus larvae of a given category into these test specimens and determination of their survival rate at fixed
29、intervals of time. Comparison of the results with those obtained with untreated and solvent or diluent-treated control test specimens. Derivation of the toxic values of the product under test for the category of larvae in question. EN 47:2005 (E) 6 5 Test materials 5.1 Biological material 5.1.1 Hylo
30、trupes bajulus (Linnaeus) larvae Category 1 (obligatory test): larvae within a maximum of 3 days of hatching. Category 2 (optional additional test): larvae with masses in the range 50 mg to 150 mg. 5.1.2 Source of larvae The larvae shall preferably be obtained from cultures reared according to the m
31、ethod described in Annex B. NOTE Otherwise larvae in Category 2 can be taken from naturally infested wood, in which case they should be transferred into sapwood of pine and stored for at least 4 weeks under the rearing conditions specified in Annex B. Do not use the larvae in the test if they have n
32、ot fed normally during this storage period. 5.1.3 Provision of larvae Collect larvae in Category 1 from eggs laid by different females. Carefully cut out the larvae in Category 2 from the culture blocks and keep them separated from one another for 2 days to 3 days in the culturing chamber (5.3.1) to
33、 check that they are healthy. 5.1.4 Choice of larvae in Category 2 Use only healthy larvae in the test. NOTE A healthy larva can be recognized by its ivory-white colour, its firm consistency and rounded appearance, and by the absence of wounds or bites which show up as dark marks. Healthy larvae rea
34、ct to the touch by vigorous movement and attempts to bite. Reject any larvae which are shrunken or aged, which have recently moulted, or which are in a pre-pupal stage. 5.1.5 Number of larvae The number of larvae per treated and control test specimen shall be six of Category 1 or one of Category 2.
35、Sort the larvae retained in Category 2 mentioned above. Do not use larvae weighing more than 150 mg as they may pupate and therefore interfere with the test. For a single test, use a mixed batch of larvae of Category 1 and for Category 2, as far as possible, use larvae of similar masses. The number
36、of larvae necessary is given in Table 1. EN 47:2005 (E) 7 Table 1 Number of larvae and test specimens Larvae in Category 2 Larvae in Category 1 Without radiography With radiography aType of test specimen Concentrations of preservatives Mass fraction Number of test specimens Number of larvae Number o
37、f test specimens Number of larvae Number of test specimens Number of larvae Treated test specimens 1 5 30 10 10 7 7 _ 2 5 30 10 10 7 7 _ 3 5 30 10 10 7 7 _ 4 5 30 10 10 7 7 _ 5 5 30 10 10 7 7 etc. Untreated control test specimens 0 5 30 10 10 7 7 Solvent or diluent control test specimens (including
38、water) 0 5 30 10 10 7 7 Total for 5 concentrations 35 210 70 70 49 49 aThe use of radiography is only recommended in the case of tests with larvae in Category 2. 5.2 Products and reagents 5.2.1 Xylene, technical grade, mixed isomers. 5.2.2 Water, complying with grade 3 of EN ISO 3696. 5.2.3 Solvent
39、or diluent, a volatile liquid that will dissolve or dilute the preservative but does not leave a residue in the wood at the end of the post-treatment conditioning period that has a toxic effect on the insects. CAUTION Do not use benzene or other solvents which pose a health risk. 5.2.4 Cellulose or
40、absorbent cotton wool and filter paper 5.3 Apparatus 5.3.2 Conditioning chamber, well ventilated and controlled at (20 2) C and at relative humidity (65 5) %. NOTE The conditioning of test specimens can be carried out in the laboratory work area (see 5.3.3) provided that this has the conditions spec
41、ified for the conditioning chamber (see 5.3.2). 5.3.3 Laboratory work area, well ventilated, where treatment of the test specimens is carried out. 5.3.1 Culturing chamber, with air circulation, and controlled at (28 2) C and at a relative humidity of (70 5) %. EN 47:2005 (E) 8 CAUTION It is essentia
42、l to follow safety procedures for handling flammable and toxic materials. Avoid excessive exposure of operators to solvents or their vapours. 5.3.5 Treatment vessels, of a material that does not react with the preservative under test, for example of glass for organic products and of polyethylene for
43、 salts containing fluorine. 5.3.6 Weights, to provide ballast for the test specimens. The weights shall not react with any materials with which they come into contact during the test. 5.3.7 Safety equipment and protective clothing, appropriate for the test product and the test solvent, to ensure the
44、 safety of the operator. 5.3.8 Vacuum vessel(s), fitted with stopcocks, capable of receiving the treatment vessels (5.3.5). 5.3.9 Vacuum pump, fitted with a pressure gauge and capable of maintaining a pressure of 700 Pa 1) . 5.3.10 Drying vessel(s), capable of holding sets of five test specimens (7.
45、5), provided with a close-fitting cover and containing supports that will give minimum contact with treated test specimens to be placed on them. The vessels and supports shall be of a material that does not react with the preservative under test, for example glass for organic compounds and polyethyl
46、ene for products containing fluorine. 5.3.11 Drill and twist drills, approximately 3,0 mm to 4,5 mm in diameter, and a fine awl. In all cases, the number of bits shall be sufficient to drill holes to the size of the larvae available; in the case of larvae of Category 1, use a steel awl. 5.3.12 Ordin
47、ary laboratory equipment, including a balance capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,01 g. 5.3.13 X-ray apparatus (optional) with tungsten target and beryllium window, with voltage and current continuously variable in the following ranges: voltages: 10 kV to 50 kV; current: 0 mA to 15 mA. 5.3.14 Pr
48、otective gloves 6 Sampling The sample of preservative shall be representative of the product to be tested. Samples shall be stored and handled in accordance with any written recommendations from the supplier. NOTE For the sampling of preservatives from bulk supplies, the procedure given in EN 212 sh
49、ould be used. 1) 100 Pa = 1 mbar. 5.3.4 Testing chamber, ventilated and air conditioned, controlled at (22 2) C and at a relative humidity of (70 5) %. EN 47:2005 (E) 9 7 Test specimens 7.1 Species of wood The reference species is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) 2) . NOTE Additional tests may be carried out using other species but, if so, this should be stated in the test report. 7.2 Wood quality The wood shall be free from visibl
