1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LABSI Standar s PublicationBS EN 408:2010Timber structures Structuraltimber and glued laminatedtimber Determina
2、tion ofsome physical and mechanicalpropertiesBS EN 408:2010+A1:2012BS EN 408:2010+A1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 408:2010+A1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 408:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T
3、echnical Committee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standa
4、rds Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 76731 9 ICS 79.040; 79.060.99; 91.080.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committe
5、e on 31 May 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 September 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 408:2010+A1 July 2012 ICS 91.080.20; 79.040; 79.060.99 English Version Timber structures - Structural timber
6、and glued laminated timber - Determination of some physical and mechanical properties Structures en bois - Bois de structure et bois lamell-coll -Dtermination de certaines proprits physiques et mcaniques Holzbauwerke - Bauholz fr tragende Zwecke und Brettschichtholz - Bestimmung einiger physikalisch
7、er und mechanischer Eigenschaften This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 June 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-dat
8、e lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
9、under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Form
10、er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT
11、EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 408:2010+A1:2012: EEN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4
12、Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Determination of dimensions of test pieces .86 Determination of moisture content of test pieces 87 Determination of density of test pieces 88 Conditioning of test pieces .89 Determination of loca
13、l modulus of elasticity in bending .99.1 Test piece .99.2 Procedure .99.3 Expression of results . 1010 Determination of global modulus of elasticity in bending . 1110.1 Test piece 1110.2 Procedure 1110.3 Expression of results . 1211 Determination of the shear modulus 1311.1 Torsion method . 1311.1.1
14、 Test piece 1311.1.2 Procedure 1311.1.3 Expression of results . 1611.2 Shear field test method 1711.2.1 Test piece 1711.2.2 Procedure 1711.2.3 Expression of results . 1912 Determination of modulus of elasticity in tension parallel to the grain 1912.1 Test piece 1912.2 Procedure 1912.3 Expression of
15、results . 2013 Determination of tension strength parallel to the grain 2013.1 Test piece 2013.2 Procedure 2113.3 Expression of results . 2114 Determination of modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the grain 2114.1 Test piece 2114.2 Procedure 2214.3 Expression of results . 2215 Determinati
16、on of compression strength parallel to grain 2215.1 Test piece 2215.2 Procedure 2215.3 Expression of results . 2316 Determination of tension and compression strengths perpendicular to the grain . 2316.1 Requirements for test pieces 23BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012
17、(E) 3 16.1.1 Fabrication . 2316.1.2 Surface preparation . 2316.2 Procedure . 2416.3 Expression of results 2716.3.1 Compression perpendicular to the grain 2716.3.2 Tension perpendicular to the grain . 2717 Determination of modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain . 2717.1 Requirements for tes
18、t pieces . 2717.2 Procedure . 2717.3 Expression of results 2817.3.1 Compression perpendicular to the grain 2817.3.2 Tension perpendicular to the grain . 2818 Determination of shear strength parallel to the grain . 2918.1 Requirements for test pieces . 2918.1.1 Fabrication . 2918.1.2 Surface preparat
19、ion . 2918.2 Procedure . 3018.3 Expression of results 3119 Bending strength parallel to grain . 3219.1 Test piece . 3219.2 Procedure . 3219.3 Expression of results 3320 Test report 3420.1 General . 3420.2 Test piece . 3420.3 Test method . 3420.4 Test results 34Annex A (informative) Example of compre
20、ssion perpendicular to grain test arrangement 35Annex B (informative) Example of tension perpendicular to grain test arrangement with rigid fixings . 37Bibliography 38BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 408:2010+A1:2012) has been prepare
21、d by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting national standards
22、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1
23、approved by CEN on 16 June 2012. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. This document supersedes !EN 408:2010.“ In this revised standard a new test is added for the determination of the shear modulus. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
24、 Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela
25、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 5 Introduction This 2010 revision replaces the test fo
26、r the determination of the shear strength parallel to grain. The revised edition of 2003 added a global bending modulus of elasticity, whilst renaming the existing test as the local modulus of elasticity. It also includes the methods for determination of shear strength and mechanical properties perp
27、endicular to the grain, previously given in EN 1193, which has now been withdrawn. The values obtained in any determination of the properties of timber depend upon the test methods used. It is therefore desirable that these methods be standardized so that results from different test centres can be c
28、orrelated. Moreover, with the adoption of limit state design and with the development of both visual and machine stress grading, attention will be increasingly centred on the determination and monitoring of the strength properties and variability of timber in structural sizes. Again, this can be mor
29、e effectively undertaken if the basic data are defined and obtained under the same conditions. This European Standard, which is based originally on ISO 8375, specifies laboratory methods for the determination of some physical and mechanical properties of timber in structural sizes. The methods are n
30、ot intended for the grading of timber or for quality control. For the determination of shear modulus, alternative methods have been specified. The choice of which to use will depend upon the objective of the investigation and, to some extent, on the equipment available. Following testing to this sta
31、ndard it is intended that the determination of characteristic values will normally be obtained according to procedures specified in other European Standards. Attention is drawn to the advantages that may be gained, often with little extra effort, in extending the usefulness of test results by record
32、ing additional information on the growth characteristics of the pieces that are tested, particularly at the fracture sections. Generally, such additional information should include grade-determining features such as knots, slope of grain, rate of growth, wane, etc., on which visual grading rules are
33、 based, and strength indicating parameters such as localized modulus of elasticity, on which some machine stress grading is based. BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the following properties of
34、 structural timber and glued laminated timber: modulus of elasticity in bending; shear modulus; bending strength; modulus of elasticity in tension parallel to the grain; tension strength parallel to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the grain; compression strength parallel
35、to the grain; modulus of elasticity in tension perpendicular to the grain; tension strength perpendicular to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to the grain; compression strength perpendicular to the grain and shear strength. In addition, the determination of dimensions, m
36、oisture content, and density of test pieces are specified. The methods apply to rectangular and circular shapes (of substantially constant cross section) of solid unjointed timber or finger-jointed timber and glued laminated timber unless stated otherwise. 2 Normative references The following refere
37、nced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. !EN 384:2010, Structural timber Determination of characteristic value
38、s of mechanical properties and density“ EN 13183-1, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber Part 1: Determination by oven dry method 3 Terms and definitions Not applicable. 4 Symbols and abbreviations A cross-sectional area, in square millimetres; a distance between a loading position and the nea
39、rest support in a bending test, in millimetres; b width of cross section in a bending test, or the smaller dimension of the cross section, in millimetres; Ec,0modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; Ec,90 modulus of elasticity in compression perp
40、endicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; Em,gglobal modulus of elasticity in bending, in newtons per square millimetre; Em,llocal modulus of elasticity in bending, in newtons per square millimetre; Et,0modulus of elasticity in tension parallel to the grain, in newtons per square mil
41、limetre; Et,90 modulus of elasticity in tension perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; F load, in newtons; Fc,90 compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; Fc,90,max maximum compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; Fc,90,max,est estimated maximum
42、compressive load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 7 Fmaxmaximum load, in newtons; Fmax,estestimated maximum load, in newtons; Ft,90 tensile load perpendicular to the grain, in newtons; Ft,90,max maximum tensile load perpend
43、icular to the grain, in newtons; G shear modulus, in newtons per square millimetre; S first moment of area, in millimetres to the third power; fc,0compressive strength parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; fc,90 compressive strength perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per squar
44、e millimetre; fmbending strength, in newtons per square millimetre; ft,0tensile strength parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; ft,90 tensile strength perpendicular to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; fv shear strength parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millim
45、etre; fv,kcharacteristic shear strength parallel to the grain, in newtons per square millimetre; G shear modulus, in newtons per square millimetre; Gtor,tshear modulus in torsion, in newtons per square millimetre; Gtor,s shear modulus in shear field, in newtons per square millimetre; h depth of cros
46、s section in a bending test, or the larger dimension of the cross section, or the test piece height in perpendicular to grain and shear tests, in millimetres; h0 gauge length, in millimetres; I second moment of area, in millimetres to the fourth power; K, k coefficients; kGcoefficient for shear modu
47、lus; ktortorque stiffness, in newton metres per radian; ksshear stiffness; l span in bending, or length of test piece between the testing machine grips in compression and tension, in millimetres; 1l gauge length for the determination of modulus of elasticity or shear modulus, in millimetres; 2l dist
48、ance between the supports and gauge length in torsion, in millimetres; t plate thickness, in millimetres; Tr torque, in newton millimetres; BS EN 408:2010:+A1:2012EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E)EN 408:2010+A1:2012 (E) 8 Vsshear force, in newtons; W section modulus, in millimetres to the third power; w defor
49、mation or displacement, in millimetres; rotation, in radians; , shape factors. Suffixes 1, 2 refer to loads or deformations or pieces at particular points of a test and are referred to as necessary in the text. 5 Determination of dimensions of test pieces The dimensions of the test piece shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 %. All measurements shall be made when the test pieces
