1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1991-2:2003 Incorporating Corrigenda Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges ICS 91.010.30; 93.040 December 2004 and February 2010National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-2:2003, incorporating corrigendum February 2
2、010. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-3:2000 which is withdrawn. Details of superseded British Standards are given in the table below. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum February 2010 is indicated in the text b
3、y . The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular d
4、esign. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the National Annex is issued
5、, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the
6、end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes. At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the Eurocode 1 series. These standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced. Eurocode S
7、uperseded British Standards EN 1991-1-1 BS 6399-1:1996 EN 1991-1-2 none EN 1991-1-3 BS 6399-3:1988 EN 1991-1-4 BS 6399-2:1997, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-5 BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-6 none EN 1991-1-7 none EN 1991-2 BS 5400-1:1988, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-3 none EN 1991-4 none * N.B. BS 5400-2:1978 w
8、ill not be fully superseded until publication of Annex A.2 to BS EN 1990:2002. BS EN 1991-2:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2003 BSI 2010 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 1
9、5508 Corrigendum No.1 15 December 2004 Addition of supersession details 30 April 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum February 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 68991 8BS EN 1991-2:2003 i The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structure
10、s, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions and basis of design loadings. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given
11、in the normative text, and a Note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1991-2 to be used in the UK, the ND
12、Ps will be published in a National Annex which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British
13、 Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. ii blankEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN19912 September2003 ICS91.010.30;93.040 Supersedes ENV19913:1995 Englishversion Eurocode1:ActionsonstructuresPart2:Trafficloadson bridges Eurocode1:ActionssurlesstructuresPartie2:Actions
14、 surlesponts,duesautrafic Eurocode1:EinwirkungenaufTragwerkeTeil2: VerkehrslastenaufBrcken ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon28November2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithou
15、tanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCEN
16、memberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Swe
17、den,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN19912:2003E Incorporati
18、ng corrigendum February 20102 Contents FOREWORD.7 BACKGROUNDOFTHE EUROCODE PROGRAMME7 STATUSANDFIELDOFAPPLICATIONOF EUROCODES .8 NATIONAL STANDARDSIMPLEMENTING EUROCODES 9 LINKSBETWEEN EUROCODESANDHARMONISEDTECHNICALSPECIFICATIONS (ENSAND ETAS) FORPRODUCTS.9 ADDITIONALINFORMATIONSPECIFICTO EN19912 9
19、 NATIONAL ANNEXFOR EN19912 11 SECTION1GENERAL .15 1.1S COPE 15 1.2N ORMATIVEREFERENCES .16 1.3D ISTINCTIONBETWEEN PRINCIPLESAND APPLICATION RULES 16 1.4T ERMSANDDEFINITIONS 17 1.4.1Harmonisedtermsandcommondefinitions .17 1.4.2Termsanddefinitionsspecificallyforroadbridges 19 1.4.3Termsanddefinitionss
20、pecificallyforrailwaybridges 20 1.5S YMBOLS .21 1.5.1Commonsymbols .21 1.5.2Symbolsspecificallyforsections4and5 .21 1.5.3Symbolsspecificallyforsection6 23 SECTION2CLASSIFICATIONOFACTIONS .27 2.1G ENERAL .27 2.2V ARIABLEACTIONS 27 2.3A CTIONSFORACCIDENTALDESIGNSITUATIONS .28 SECTION3DESIGNSITUATIONS
21、30 SECTION4ROADTRAFFICACTIONSANDOTHERACTIONS SPECIFICALLYFORROADBRIDGES 31 4.1F IELDOFAPPLICATION .31 4.2R EPRESENTATIONOFACTIONS .31 4.2.1Modelsofroadtrafficloads .31 4.2.2Loadingclasses 32 4.2.3Divisionsofthecarriagewayintonotionallanes 32 4.2.4Locationandnumberingofthelanesfordesign 33 4.2.5Appli
22、cationoftheloadmodelsontheindividuallanes .34 4.3V ERTICALLOADS C HARACTERISTICVALUES.35 4.3.1Generalandassociateddesignsituations 35 4.3.2LoadModel1 .35 4.3.3LoadModel2 .38 4.3.4LoadModel3(specialvehicles) .39 4.3.5LoadModel4(crowdloading) .39 4.3.6Dispersalofconcentratedloads .40 4.4H ORIZONTALFOR
23、CES C HARACTERISTICVALUES.41 4.4.1Brakingandaccelerationforces 41 BS EN 1991-2:2003 EN 1991-2:2003 (E)3 4.4.2Centrifugalandothertransverseforces 42 4.5G ROUPSOFTRAFFICLOADSONROADBRIDGES 42 4.5.1Characteristicvaluesofthemulticomponentaction 42 4.5.2Otherrepresentativevaluesofthemulticomponentaction 4
24、4 4.5.3Groupsofloadsintransientdesignsituations .44 4.6F ATIGUELOADMODELS.45 4.6.1General .45 4.6.2FatigueLoadModel1(similartoLM1) 48 4.6.3FatigueLoadModel2(setof“frequent“lorries) 48 4.6.4FatigueLoadModel3(singlevehiclemodel) 49 4.6.5FatigueLoadModel4(setof“standard“lorries) .50 4.6.6FatigueLoadMod
25、el5(basedonrecordedroadtrafficdata) .53 4.7A CTIONSFORACCIDENTALDESIGNSITUATIONS .53 4.7.1General .53 4.7.2Collisionforcesfromvehiclesunderthebridge 53 4.7.2.1Collisionforcesonpiersandothersupportingmembers 53 4.7.2.2Collisionforcesondecks 53 4.7.3Actionsfromvehiclesonthebridge .54 4.7.3.1Vehicleonf
26、ootwaysandcycletracksonroadbridges .54 4.7.3.2Collisionforcesonkerbs .55 4.7.3.3Collisionforcesonvehiclerestraintsystems 55 4.7.3.4Collisionforcesonstructuralmembers .56 4.8A CTIONSONPEDESTRIANPARAPETS 56 4.9L OADMODELSFORABUTMENTSANDWALLSADJACENTTOBRIDGES .57 4.9.1Verticalloads .57 4.9.2Horizontalf
27、orce .57 SECTION5ACTIONSONFOOTWAYS,CYCLETRACKSAND FOOTBRIDGES .59 5.1F IELDOFAPPLICATION .59 5.2R EPRESENTATIONOFACTIONS .59 5.2.1Modelsoftheloads 59 5.2.2Loadingclasses 60 5.2.3Applicationoftheloadmodels .60 5.3S TATICMODELSFORVERTICALLOADS CHARACTERISTICVALUES.60 5.3.1General .60 5.3.2LoadModels .
28、61 5.3.2.1Uniformlydistributedload 61 5.3.2.2Concentratedload 61 5.3.2.3Servicevehicle 62 5.4S TATICMODELFORHORIZONTALFORCES C HARACTERISTICVALUES62 5.5G ROUPSOFTRAFFICLOADSONFOOTBRIDGES 62 5.6A CTIONSFORACCIDENTALDESIGNSITUATIONSFORFOOTBRIDGES .63 5.6.1General .63 5.6.2Collisionforcesfromroadvehicl
29、esunderthebridge 63 5.6.2.1Collisionforcesonpiers 63 5.6.2.2Collisionforcesondecks 64 5.6.3Accidentalpresenceofvehiclesonthebridge .64 5.7D YNAMICMODELSOFPEDESTRIANLOADS .65 5.8A CTIONSONPARAPETS .65 BS EN 1991-2:2003 EN 1991-2:2003 (E)4 5.9L OADMODELFORABUTMENTSANDWALLSADJACENTTOBRIDGES .65 SECTION
30、6RAILTRAFFICACTIONSANDOTHERACTIONS SPECIFICALLYFORRAILWAYBRIDGES 66 6.1F IELDOFAPPLICATION .66 6.2R EPRESENTATIONOFACTIONS NATUREOFRAILTRAFFICLOADS 67 6.3V ERTICALLOADS C HARACTERISTICVALUES (STATICEFFECTS ) ANDECCENTRICITY ANDDISTRIBUTIONOFLOADING .67 6.3.1General .67 6.3.2LoadModel71 .67 6.3.3Load
31、ModelsSW/0andSW/2 .68 6.3.4LoadModel“unloadedtrain” .69 6.3.5Eccentricityofverticalloads(LoadModels71andSW/0) .69 6.3.6Distributionofaxleloadsbytherails,sleepersandballast 70 6.3.6.1Longitudinaldistributionofapointforceorwheelloadbytherail .70 6.3.6.2Longitudinaldistributionofloadbysleepersandballas
32、t .71 6.3.6.3Transversedistributionofactionsbythesleepersandballast 71 6.3.6.4Equivalentverticalloadingforearthworksandearthpressureeffects .73 6.3.7Actionsfornonpublicfootpaths 74 6.4D YNAMICEFFECTS (INCLUDINGRESONANCE ) 74 6.4.1Introduction74 6.4.2Factorsinfluencingdynamicbehaviour .74 6.4.3Genera
33、ldesignrules 75 6.4.4Requirementforastaticordynamicanalysis 75 6.4.5Dynamicfactor ( 2 , 3 ) 78 6.4.5.1Fieldofapplication .78 6.4.5.2Definitionofthedynamicfactor .78 6.4.5.3DeterminantlengthL 79 6.4.5.4Reduceddynamiceffects 82 6.4.6Requirementsforadynamicanalysis 83 6.4.6.1Loadingandloadcombinations
34、83 6.4.6.2Speedstobeconsidered 87 6.4.6.3Bridgeparameters .88 6.4.6.4Modellingtheexcitationanddynamicbehaviourofthestructure 89 6.4.6.5Verificationsofthelimitstates .91 6.4.6.6Additionalverificationforfatiguewheredynamicanalysisisrequired .92 6.5H ORIZONTALFORCES CHARACTERISTICVALUES 93 6.5.1Centrif
35、ugalforces .93 6.5.2Nosingforce .97 6.5.3Actionsduetotractionandbraking .97 6.5.4Combinedresponseofstructureandtracktovariableactions .98 6.5.4.1Generalprinciples .98 6.5.4.2Parametersaffectingthecombinedresponseofthestructureandtrack .99 6.5.4.3Actionstobeconsidered .101 6.5.4.4Modellingandcalculat
36、ionofthecombinedtrack/structuresystem 102 6.5.4.5Designcriteria .104 6.5.4.6Calculationmethods 105 6.6A ERODYNAMICACTIONSFROMPASSINGTRAINS 108 6.6.1General .108 6.6.2Simpleverticalsurfacesparalleltothetrack(e.g.noisebarriers) 109 BS EN 1991-2:2003 EN 1991-2:2003 (E)5 6.6.3Simplehorizontalsurfacesabo
37、vethetrack(e.g.overheadprotective structures)110 6.6.4Simplehorizontalsurfacesadjacenttothetrack(e.g.platformcanopieswith noverticalwall) 111 6.6.5Multiplesurfacestructuresalongsidethetrackwithverticalandhorizontal orinclinedsurfaces(e.g.bentnoisebarriers,platformcanopieswithverticalwalls etc.)112 6
38、.6.6Surfacesenclosingthestructuregaugeofthetracksoveralimitedlength(up to20m)(horizontalsurfaceabovethetracksandatleastoneverticalwall,e.g. scaffolding,temporaryconstructions) .112 6.7D ERAILMENTANDOTHERACTIONSFORRAILWAYBRIDGES .113 6.7.1Derailmentactionsfromrailtrafficonarailwaybridge 113 6.7.2Dera
39、ilmentunderoradjacenttoastructureandotheractionsforAccidental DesignSituations115 6.7.3Otheractions 115 6.8A PPLICATIONOFTRAFFICLOADSONRAILWAYBRIDGES 115 6.8.1General .115 6.8.2GroupsofLoadsCharacteristicvaluesofthemulticomponentaction .118 6.8.3GroupsofLoadsOtherrepresentativevaluesofthemulticompon
40、entactions .120 6.8.3.1Frequentvaluesofthemulticomponentactions 120 6.8.3.2Quasipermanentvaluesofthemulticomponentactions 121 6.8.4TrafficloadsinTransientDesignSituations .121 6.9T RAFFICLOADSFORFATIGUE .121 ANNEXA(INFORMATIVE)MODELSOFSPECIALVEHICLESFORROAD BRIDGES.123 A.1S COPEANDFIELDOFAPPLICATION
41、 123 A.2B ASICMODELSOFSPECIALVEHICLES 123 A.3A PPLICATIONOFSPECIALVEHICLELOADMODELSONTHECARRIAGEWAY 125 ANNEXB(INFORMATIVE)FATIGUELIFEASSESSMENTFORROAD BRIDGESASSESSMENTMETHODBASEDONRECORDEDTRAFFIC 128 ANNEXC(NORMATIVE)DYNAMICFACTORS1+ FORREALTRAINS .132 ANNEXD(NORMATIVE)BASISFORTHEFATIGUEASSESSMENT
42、OF RAILWAYSTRUCTURES.134 D.1A SSUMPTIONSFORFATIGUEACTIONS 134 D.2G ENERALDESIGNMETHOD 135 D.3T RAINTYPESFORFATIGUE 135 ANNEXE(INFORMATIVE)LIMITSOFVALIDITYOFLOADMODEL HSLMANDTHESELECTIONOFTHECRITICALUNIVERSALTRAIN FROMHSLMA 141 E.1L IMITSOFVALIDITYOF LOAD MODEL HSLM.141 E.2S ELECTIONOFA UNIVERSAL TRA
43、INFROM HSLMA .142 ANNEXF(INFORMATIVE)CRITERIATOBESATISFIEDIFADYNAMIC ANALYSISISNOTREQUIRED 150 BS EN 1991-2:2003 EN 1991-2:2003 (E)6 ANNEXG(INFORMATIVE)METHODFORDETERMININGTHE COMBINEDRESPONSEOFASTRUCTUREANDTRACKTOVARIABLE ACTIONS.155 G.1I NTRODUCTION155 G.2 LIMITSOFVALIDITYOFCALCULATIONMETHOD 155 G
44、.3S TRUCTURESCONSISTINGOFASINGLEBRIDGEDECK 156 G.4S TRUCTURESCONSISTINGOFASUCCESSIONOFDECKS 162 ANNEXH(INFORMATIVE)LOADMODELSFORRAILTRAFFICLOADSIN TRANSIENTDESIGNSITUATIONS .164 BS EN 1991-2:2003 EN 1991-2:2003 (E)7 Foreword Thisdocument(EN19912:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC 250“Str
45、ucturalEurocodes“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherby publicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyMarch2004,and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by 20 . ThisdocumentsupersedesENV19913:1995. CEN/TC250isresponsibleforallStructuralEurocodes. BackgroundoftheEurocodeProgr
