1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN1991-1-3:2003Eurocode 1 Actions on structures Part 1-3: General actions Snow loadsICS 91.010.30 Incorporating December 2004and March 2009corrigenda BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 +A1:2015Incorporating corrigenda December 2004 and March 2009BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015ISBN 978 0 580 83724 1A
2、mendments/corrigenda issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments15509Corrigendum No. 115 December 2004 Addition of supersession details30 June 2009 Incorporating corrigendum March 200931 December 2015 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2015This British Standard, was published under the authority
3、of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 24 July 2003 The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015, incorporating corrigendum March 2009. It supersedes BS EN 1991-1-
4、3:2003 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by .The start and finish of text introduce
5、d or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum March 2009 is indicated in the text by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadi
6、ngs) and basis of design.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qua
7、lify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015 to be used in the UK the latest version of the NA to thi
8、s standard containing these NDPs should also be used. At the time of publication, it is NA+A1:2015 to BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Stand
9、ard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1991-1-3July 2003ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-3:1995English versionEurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-3: General actions -Snow loadsEurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-3
10、: Actionsgnrales - Charges de neigeEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-3:Allgemeine Einwirkungen-SchneelastenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving t
11、his EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engl
12、ish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
13、 Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FRNORMUNGManagement Centre: ru
14、e de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1991-1-3:2003 EIncorporating corrigendum March 2009EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1September 2015BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015 (E)2CONTEN
15、TS PageForeword 41. Section 1 General 81.1. Scope 81.2. Normative references 91.3. Assumptions 91.4. Distinction between Principles and Application Rules 91.5. Design assisted by testing 91.6. Terms and Definitions 101.7. Symbols 112. Section 2 Classification of actions 133. Section 3 Design situati
16、ons 143.1. General 143.2. Normal conditions 143.3. Exceptional conditions 144. Section 4 Snow load on the ground 164.1. Characteristic values 164.2. Other representative values 164.3. Treatment of exceptional snow loads on the ground 175. Section 5 Snow load on roofs 175.1. Nature of the load 175.2.
17、 Load arrangements 185.3. Roof shape coefficients 205.3.1. General 205.3.2. Monopitch roofs 205.3.3. Pitched roofs 225.3.4. Multi-span roofs 235.3.5. Cylindrical roofs 245.3.6. Roof abutting and close to taller construction works 256. Section 6 Local effects 286.1. General 286.2. Drifting at project
18、ions and obstructions 286.3. Snow overhanging the edge of a roof 296.4. Snow loads on snowguards and other obstacles 30BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015 (E)3ANNEX A 31Design situations and load arrangements to be used for different locations 31ANNEX B 33Snow load shape coefficients
19、 for exceptional snow drifts 33ANNEX C 38European Ground Snow Load Maps 38ANNEX D 53Adjustment of the ground snow load according to return period 53ANNEX E 55Bulk weight density of snow 55Bibliography 56EN 1991-1-3:2003 (E)4ForewordThis document (EN 1991-1-3:2003) has been prepared by TechnicalCommi
20、tteeCEN/TC250“StructuralEurocodes”, theSecretariatofwhichis heldbyBSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, andconflictingNationalStandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyMarc
21、h2010.This document supersedes ENV 1991-2-3:1995.CEN/TC250isresponsibleforall Structural Eurocodes.Annexes Aand B are normative. Annexes C,Dand E are informative.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement t
22、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor-way, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Background of the Eurocode programmeIn 1975, the Commis
23、sion of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.Within this action programme, the Commis
24、sion took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.For fifteen years, the Commission, with the he
25、lp of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the
26、 Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de factothe Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissio
27、ns Decisions dealing with European1AgreementbetweentheCommissionoftheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheEuropeanCommitteeforStandardisation(CEN) concerningthe workon EUROCODESfor thedesignofbuilding and civilengineering works(BC/CEN/03/89).BS EN1991-1-3:2003BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015
28、(E)4Annex A is normative. Annexes B, C, D and E are informative.EN 1991-1-3:2003 (E)5standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products andCouncil Directives 93/37/EEC,92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public worksand services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of s
29、etting upthe internalmarket).The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standardsgenerally consisting of a numberofParts:EN 1990Eurocode: Basis ofStructural DesignEN 1991Eurocode 1:Actions on structuresEN 1992Eurocode 2:Design of concrete structuresEN 1993Eurocode 3:Design of steel st
30、ructuresEN 1994Eurocode 4:Design of composite steel and concretestructuresEN 1995Eurocode 5:Design of timber structuresEN 1996Eurocode 6:Design of masonry structuresEN 1997Eurocode 7: GeotechnicaldesignEN 1998Eurocode 8:Design of structures forearthquake resistanceEN 1999Eurocode 9: Design of alumin
31、ium structuresEurocode standards recognise the responsibility ofregulatoryauthorities ineach Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine valuesrelated to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue tovary from State to State.Status and field of application of Euro
32、codesThe MemberStates of the EUand EFTA recognise that EUROCODES serveas reference documents for the following purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works withthe essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularlyEssential Requirement N1 Mechan
33、ical resistance and stability andEssential Requirement N2 Safety in case of fire ; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and relatedengineering services ; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications forconstruction products (ENs and ETAs)The Eurocodes, as f
34、ar as they concern the construction works themselves,have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2referred to inArticle 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature fromharmonisedproduct standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes2Accordingto Art. 3.
35、3 oftheCPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents forthe creation of the necessary linksbetween the essential requirementsandthe mandates for hENsand ETAGs/ETAs.3According to Art. 12 of theCPD the interpretative documents shall :a) give concrete fo
36、rm to the essential requirementsby harmonising the terminology and thetechnicalbases and indicating classes or levelsfor each requirement where necessary ;b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement withthe technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and ofpro
37、of, technical rules for project design, etc.;c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for Europeantechnical approvals.The Eurocodes,de facto, play a similar role inthe field ofthe ER1 and a part of ER2.BS EN 1991-1-3:2003BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015EN 1991-
38、1-3:2003+A1:2015 (E)5 EN 1991-1-3:2003 (E)6work need to be adequatelyconsidered byCENTechnicalCommittees and/orEOTA WorkingGroups working on product standards with a view to achievingafull compatibility of thesetechnical specifications with the Eurocodes.The Eurocode standards provide common structu
39、ral designrules foreverydayuse for the designof whole structures and component products of both atraditional and an innovativenature. Unusual forms of constructionor designconditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration willbe required by the designer in such cases.Nation
40、al Standards implementing EurocodesThe National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text ofthe Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which maybepreceded by a National title page and Nationalforeword, and may be followedby a NationalAnnex.The National Annex may on
41、ly contain information onthose parameters whichare left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as NationallyDetermined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civilengineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values for partial factors and/or classes w
42、here alternatives are given in theEurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, country specific data (geographical, climatic etc.), e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in theEurocode.It may also contain decisions on the applicat
43、ion of informative annexes, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the userto apply the Eurocode.Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENsand ETAs) for productsThere is a need for consistency between the harmonised technicalspecifications for c
44、onstruction products and the technical rules forworks4.Furthermore, allthe information accompanying the CE Marking of theconstruction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention whichNationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account.Introduction - Additional information spec
45、ific for EN 1991-1-3EN 1991 1-3 gives design guidance and actions from snow for the structuraldesign ofbuildings and civil engineering works.4see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD,as well as clauses 4.2,4.3.1,4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.BS EN 1991-1-3:2003BS EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015EN 1991-1-3:2003+A1:2015 (E
46、)6 EN 1991-1-3:2003 (E)7EN 1991 1-3isintended for clients, designers, contractors and publicauthorities.EN1991 1-3isintended tobeused with EN1990:2002,the otherParts ofEN1991 and EN1992-EN1999forthedesignofstructures.National Annex for EN1991-1-3This standard gives alternative procedures, values and
47、 recommendations forclasses with notes indicating wherenational choices may havetobemade.Thereforethe National Standard implementing EN 1991-1-3 shouldhave aNational Annexcontainingnationallydeterminedparameterstobeusedforthedesignofbuildingsand civil engineering works to be constructed in thereleva
48、ntcountry.National choiceisallowedinEN 1991-1-3throughclauses 1.1(2),1.1(3), 1.1(4) 2(3),2(4) 3.3(1),3.3(3), 4.1(1),4.1(2), 4.2(1),4.3(1) 5.2(2),5.2(5), 5.2(6),5.2(7), 5.2(8),5.3.3(4),5.3.4(3),5.3.4(4),5.3.5(1),5.3.5(3),5.3.6(1),5.3.6(3) 6.2(2),6.3(1), 6.3(2) A(1) (through TableA1)BS EN1991-1-3:2003EN 1991-1-3:2003 (E)7EN 1991 1-3isintended for clients, designers, contractors and publicauthorities.EN1991 1-3isintended tobeused with EN1990:2002,the otherParts ofEN1991 and EN1992-EN1999forthedesignofstructures.National Annex for EN1991-1-3This stand
