1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1915-2:2001 Aircraft ground support equipment General requirements Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods ICS 49.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW +A1:2009BS EN 1915-2:2001 This British Standard, havi
2、ng been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001 BSI 2009 National foreword The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/57, Air cargo system
3、s and ground support equipment. +A1 2009 : This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 1915-2:2001 which is withdrawn. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purpor
4、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicat
5、ing changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by . . ab Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 31 May 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009 ISBN 978 0 580 61066 0 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENN
6、E EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1915-2:2001+A1 March 2009 ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 1915-2:2001 English Version Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods Matriel au sol pour aronefs - Exigences gnrales - Partie 2: Prescr
7、iptions de stabilit et de rsistance mcanique, calculs et mthodes dessai Luftfahrt-Bodengerte - Allgemeine Anforderungen - Teil 2: Standsicherheits- und Festigkeitsanforderungen, Berechnungen und Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 January 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approv
8、ed by CEN on 15 February 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
9、 standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and noti
10、fied to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma
11、lta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exp
12、loitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009: EEN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .6 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 List of hazards 9 5 ! ! ! !Safety requirements a
13、nd/or protective measures“ “ “ “ .9 5.1 General 9 5.2 Requirements for the strength calculation of steel constructions .9 5.2.1 General remarks.9 5.2.2 Loads and load combinations . 10 5.2.3 Materials 12 5.2.4 Factors for stress calculations 12 5.2.5 Combined stresses . 12 5.2.6 Fatigue . 12 5.3 Req
14、uirements for the calculation of safety related machinery parts 13 5.3.1 Chain lifting elements 13 5.3.2 Cylinders, pipes and hoses used in lifting systems . 13 5.3.3 Wire rope lifting elements 13 5.3.4 Winches . 14 5.3.5 Winching plants 14 5.3.6 Stabilizers 14 5.4 Stability calculations 14 5.4.1 Lo
15、ads and forces 15 5.4.2 Ground slope . 15 5.4.3 Elastic deflection 15 5.4.4 Flat tyres 15 5.4.5 Load combinations . 15 5.4.6 Stability criteria . 16 6 Information for use . 16 7 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures . 16 7.1 General . 16 7.2 Verification of strength 17 7.2.1 Test loads
16、 17 7.2.2 Test procedure 17 7.2.3 Test results 17 7.3 Verification of stability . 18 7.3.1 General . 18 7.3.2 Test loads 18 7.3.3 Test procedure 18 7.3.4 Test results 19 Annex A (informative) Examples for load geometry . 20 Annex B (normative) Wind shape factors 26 Annex ZA (informative) ! ! ! !Rela
17、tionship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC“ “ “ “ 28 BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 3 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “ 2
18、9 Bibliography 30 BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft ground support equipment“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status
19、of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-02-15. This document supersedes EN
20、1915-2:2001. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Direc
21、tive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ EN 1915 - Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements consists of: Part 1: Basic safety requirements Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations
22、and test methods Part 3: Vibration measurement methods Part 4: Noise measurement methods. A further European Standard (EN 12312) in several parts covering specific requirements for different aircraft ground support equipment is in preparation. The parts of EN 12312 - Aircraft ground support equipmen
23、t - Specific requirements are: Part 1: Passenger stairs Part 12: Potable water service equipment Part 2: Catering vehicles Part 13: Lavatory service equipment Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles Part 14: Disabled/Incapacitated passenger Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges boarding equipment Part 5: Aircra
24、ft fuelling equipment Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors Part 6: Deicers and deicing/antiicing equipment Part 16: Air start equipment Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment Part 17: Air conditioning equipment Part 8: Maintenance stairs and platforms Part 18: Oxygen/Nitrogen units Part 9: Container
25、/Pallet loaders Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters tail stanchions Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load Part 20: Ground power equipment. Trailers BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 5 According to the CEN/CENE
26、LEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemb
27、ourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 6 Introduction The abbreviation GSE means a complete item of aircraft ground support equipment in the context of this Eu
28、ropean Standard. When compiling this European Standard it was assumed that: components without specific requirements are: a) designed in accordance with the usual engineering practices, welding and calculation codes including all failure modes; b) made of materials with adequate strength and of suit
29、able quality; c) made of materials free of defects; components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain despite wear; by design of the load bearing elements, a safe operation of the machine is assured for loading ranges from zero to 100 % of the rated po
30、ssibilities and during tests; a negotiation took place between the user and the manufacturer concerning particular conditons for the use and places of use of the GSE; the place of operation allows a safe use of GSE. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this European S
31、tandard. The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, economical and usable GSE. Deviation from the recommended methods and conditions should occur only after careful consideration, extensive testing and thorough in service evaluation have shown altern
32、ative methods or conditions to be satisfactory. This European Standard is a Type C standard as defined in !EN ISO 12100“. 1 Scope This Part of EN 1915 specifies the conditions to be taken into consideration when calculating the strength and the stability of GSE according to !EN 1915-1“ and the EN 12
33、312 series under intended use conditions. It also specifies general test methods. NOTE The methods given in this standard demonstrate one way of achieving an acceptable safety level. Methods that produce comparable results may be used. This Part of EN 1915 does not establish additional requirements
34、for the following: operation elsewhere than in an airport environment; BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 7 operation in severe conditions, e.g. ambient temperature below -20 C or over 50 C, tropical or saturated salty atmospheric environment; hazards caused by wind velocity in exce
35、ss of the figures given in this European Standard; earthquake, flood, landslide, lightning and more generally any natural catastrophe. This Part of EN 1915 is not applicable to GSE which are manufactured before the date of publication by CEN of this Standard. 2 Normative references !The following re
36、ferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.“ !deleted text“ EN 1915-1:2001, Aircraft ground support equipment
37、 General requirements Part 1: Basic safety requirements !EN 1915-3, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 3: Vibration measurement methods and reduction EN 1915-4, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 4: Noise measurement methods and reduction EN
38、12312 (all parts), Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements“ !deleted text“ !EN ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 1: Criteria for the selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements (ISO 3834-1:2005) EN ISO 3834-2, Quality re
39、quirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2:2005) EN ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 3: Standard quality requirements (ISO 3834-3:2005) EN ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion wel
40、ding of metallic materials - Part 4: Elementary quality requirements (ISO 3834-4:2005) EN ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003, corrected version:2005, including Technical Corrig
41、endum 1:2006) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003
42、) ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes - Minimum requirements“ ISO 8625-1:1993, Aerospace Fluid systems Vocabulary Part 1: General terms and definitions relating to pressure BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Part of EN 1
43、915 the terms and definitions of !EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN ISO 12100-2:2003“ and EN 1915-1:2001 apply. Additional terms and definitions are: 3.1 component mass mass of that part of the GSE, for which the strength is to be calculated 3.2 rated load maximum mass (including persons) a GSE or a part o
44、f it is intended to carry 3.3 local loads loads derived from the rated load for the calculation of the strength of particular parts of the GSE 3.4 snow load maximum mass of snow or ice the GSE is intended to carry 3.5 static test load test load or combination of test, used to simulate operational lo
45、ading 3.6 dynamic forces forces resulting from acceleration of a mass (e. g. acceleration forces, retardation forces, centrifugal forces) 3.7 secondary dynamic forces forces caused by the movement of persons. These forces act horizontally at the centre of gravity of the body of a person. The centre
46、of gravity of persons is assumed to be 1,1 m above the standing area 3.8 retardation forces forces on particular parts of GSE caused by the maximum deceleration of the GSE. These forces act at the centre of gravity of the particular part in the direction of motion 3.9 spring reaction force force in
47、the suspension under the condition of loading 3.10 wind load force acting on a GSE or part of it due to wind pressure. This force acts horizontally at the geometric centre of the body of the GSE 3.11 tipping edge those part(s) of the GSE in contact with the ground, located farthest out on the most h
48、eavily loaded side 3.12 tipping moment total of the products of those forces which tend to tip the GSE, and their distance normal to the tipping edge BS EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009 (E) 9 3.13 bursting pressure pressure at which a component bursts or shows excessive leakage due to st
49、ructural failure ISO 8625-1 : 1993 3.14 maximum working pressure highest pressure at which the system is to operate 4 List of hazards !Complementary to the hazards dealt with in the other parts of EN 1915 and in the different parts of EN 12312 this part of EN 1915 deals with the following hazards:“ mass and velocity (kinetic energy of elements in controlled or uncontrolled motion); inadequacy
