1、BS EN 1447:2009ICS 23.040.20NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPlastics piping systems Glass-reinforcedthermosetting plastics(GRP) pipes Determination of long-term resistance tointernal pressure+A1:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the U
2、K implementation of EN 1447:2009+A1:2010. It supersedes BS EN 1447:2009 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN ame
3、ndment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/88/2, Plastics piping for pressure applications.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include
4、 all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committe
5、e on 30 April 2009 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 January 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2010ISBN 978 0 580 70843 5EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1447:2009+A1 October 2010 ICS 23.040.20 Supersedes EN 1447:2009 English Version Pla
6、stics piping systems - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes - Determination of long-term resistance to internal pressure Systmes de canalisations en plastique - Tubes en plastiques thermodurcissables renforcs de verre (PRV) - Dtermination de la rsistance long terme la pression interne
7、 Kunststoff-Rohrleitungssysteme - Rohre aus glasfaserverstrkten duroplastischen Kunststoffen (GFK) - Bestimmung der Langzeit-Widerstandsfhigkeit gegen Innendruck This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 February 2009 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 September 2010. CEN members
8、are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application t
9、o the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the s
10、ame status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
11、Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any m
12、eans reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1447:2009+A1:2010: EEN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction . 41 Scope 52 Normative references . 53 Definitions 54 Principle . 65 Apparatus. 66 Test pieces . 86.1 Number 86.2 Free length 86.3 Cutting . 87 Condition
13、ing 88 Procedure. 89 Detection of failure 99.1 General 99.2 Detection methods . 99.2.1 Drop of pressure 99.2.2 Loss of test liquid 99.2.3 Drop in electrical resistance . 910 Test report 9BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1447:2009+A1:2010) has been prepared
14、 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 155 “Plastics piping systems and ducting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011 and conflictin
15、g national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document inc
16、ludes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-09-14. This document supersedes !EN 1447:2009“. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. The main modifications are: Correction of the valid failure zone limits and the use and reporting of data o
17、utside the valid zone. The material-dependent parameters and/or performance requirements are incorporated in the referring standard. This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support System Standards for plastics piping systems and ducting systems. According to the CEN/CENE
18、LEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani
19、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This standard describes a method for determining the long-term resistance to internal pressure o
20、f glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes. It is a method which uses the following conditions: water as the reference liquid inside the test piece; water or air as the environment outside the test piece. The method can be used for tests at different temperatures. It should be noted that,
21、 for a given temperature, the results obtained can differ depending on the end loading conditions and whether the external environment is water or air. The method described in this standard differs from those in some other similar standards, in the following details: the failure criteria and the det
22、ection of failure; the strain in the longitudinal and circumferential directions may be measured during the test; the test pressure is maintained constant. !This method may be used to obtain data to establish internal pressure versus time-to-failure relationships at different temperatures. The proce
23、dures for establishing the relationships are not within the scope of this standard. For such purposes attention is drawn to ISO 10928.“ BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the time to failure of glass-reinforced thermose
24、tting plastics (GRP) pipes under internal hydrostatic pressure at a specified temperature. The external environment can be air or water. NOTE For other internal or external environments the referring standard should specify any additional requirement. 2 Normative references The following referenced
25、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. !ISO 10928, Plastics piping systems Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastic
26、s (GRP) pipes and fittings Methods for regression analysis and their use“ 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply: 3.1 failure continuous loss of pressure resulting from the passage of the test liquid through the wall of the test piece under test NOTE See 9.1
27、. 3.2 bursting failure by rupture of the pipe wall with immediate loss of test liquid and drop of pressure NOTE See 9.1 and 9.2.2. 3.3 leaking failure by loss of the pressurizing liquid through the pipe wall to an extent detectable visually and/or by a continuous drop in pressure NOTE See 9.1, 9.2.1
28、 and 9.2.2. 3.4 weeping failure by passage of the pressurizing liquid through the pipe wall to an extent detectable visually or electronically NOTE See 9.1 and 9.2.3. BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 6 4 Principle A cut length of pipe at the required temperature is subjected to a spec
29、ified internal hydrostatic pressure to cause a state of stress in the pipe wall which depends upon the loading conditions, i.e. with or without the effects of end thrust being carried by the pipe wall. The results of tests at different end loading conditions will be different even for the same pipe.
30、 Water or air may be used as the environment outside of the test piece. The test samples are held at the test pressure until failure occurs. Typically the time to failure is longer at lower pressures (stresses). In general, a series of tests are conducted over various failure times and the results o
31、btained analysed in accordance with !ISO 10928“ to establish a long term value. The number of tests required, the appropriate time intervals and the time at which a value is established (time to failure) are given in the referring standard. NOTE It is assumed that the following test parameters are s
32、et by the standard making reference to this standard: a) whether or not the test piece is to be loaded by the hydrostatic end thrust while under pressure (see 5.2); b) free length, L, of the test piece (see 6.2); c) number of test pieces (see 6.1); d) test temperature and its tolerance (see 8.1); e)
33、 if and what strain measurements are required (see 8.2); f) external environmental fluid, i.e. water or air (see 8.3) or other environment (see Note to Clause 1); g) internal environmental fluid, if not water or a test liquid for the purposes of 5.7 and 9.2.3 (see Note to Clause 1). 5 Apparatus 5.1
34、Dimensional measurement devices, capable of determining the dimensions (length, diameters, wall thickness) to an accuracy of within 1,0 %. 5.2 End sealing devices for the test piece, capable of inducing the specified state of stress, i.e. with or without hydrostatic end thrust (see Figure 1). BS EN
35、1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 7 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Key Type 1 testing with end thrust Type 2 testing without end thrust, external seals Type 3 testing without end thrust, internal seals 1 valid failure zone 2 end fixture influence zone, equal to 3,3(DN e)0,5 e wall thickness L free len
36、gth between end fixturesFigure 1 Typical arrangements for pressure testing of pipes 5.3 Test piece support(s), as necessary to minimize deformation of the test piece due to its own weight. Such support(s) shall not constrain the test piece circumferentially or longitudinally. 5.4 Container for water
37、, if tested with water as the external environment (see 8.3), equipped so that the specified temperature can be maintained uniformly throughout the liquid. NOTE This can require circulation. 5.5 Pressurizing system, capable of applying the pressure to the liquid in the test piece in such a way as to
38、 avoid entrapment of air. The system shall be capable of maintaining the pressure within the limits detailed in 8.4 for the duration of the test. NOTE 1 The pressure should, preferably, be applied individually to each test piece. However, the use of equipment enabling the pressure to be applied simu
39、ltaneously to several test pieces is also permitted if there is no danger of interference when failure occurs. NOTE 2 If the tests are carried out at a specified stress, the dimensions of the various test pieces should be similar. NOTE 3 It is recommended that an automatic system be used which adjus
40、ts the pressure to keep it within the specified limits. BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 8 5.6 Pressure measuring device, having an accuracy within 1,0 % of the test pressure. 5.7 Electrical resistance meter and associated circuit (optional, see 9.1), capable of detecting a change in
41、electrical resistance to a level of 3 M or less (see 9.2.3) between a sufficiently conductive test liquid and a conductive layer. 5.8 Strain measuring device(s) (optional, see 8.2), capable of measuring the required strain to an accuracy of within 2 %. 6 Test pieces 6.1 Number The number of test pie
42、ces shall be as specified in the referring standard. 6.2 Free length Each test piece shall comprise a full section of the pipe, the free length (L) of which, between the sealing devices, shall be as specified in the referring standard. 6.3 Cutting The ends shall be smooth, perpendicular to the axis
43、of the pipe. 7 Conditioning Unless otherwise specified by the referring standard, store the test piece(s) at the test temperature (see 8.1) for 24 h prior to testing. 8 Procedure 8.1 Conduct the following procedures at the temperature and tolerance specified in the referring standard. 8.2 If strain
44、measurements are required, attach strain gauges and use equipment conforming to 5.8. 8.3 Attach the end-sealing devices (see 5.2) to the test piece (see Clause 6) and fill the assembly completely with water or the test liquid (see 5.7). Attach the test piece to the pressurizing system, avoiding entr
45、apment of air. If testing with water as the external environment install the test piece in the container (see 5.4) so that it is totally surrounded with water. 8.4 Raise the pressure inside the test piece to the desired level within 5 min (see 5.5). Maintain the pressure until failure. Record the pe
46、riod during which the test piece has been subjected to the test pressure to an accuracy of 2 % of the duration of the test in hours or 24 h, whichever is the smaller. 8.5 In case of an interruption in testing due to unforeseen circumstances, such as power failure, the test may be continued if the du
47、ration of the interruption is less than 100 h. The length of the time of interruption(s) shall be deducted from the total running time of the test and shall be noted in the test report. BS EN 1447:2009+A1:2010EN 1447:2009+A1:2010 (E) 9 9 Detection of failure 9.1 General The test piece shall be consi
48、dered to have failed when bursting (see 3.2), leaking (see 3.3) or weeping (see 3.4) is observed. Bursting or leaking can be detected visually or by a drop of pressure or loss of test liquid (see 9.2.1 and 9.2.2). Weeping can be detected visually, or physically by measuring the electrical resistance
49、 (see 9.2.3). NOTE Weeping can be determined only when the test is carried out in air. Because of the very high stresses (strains) generated by the extreme pressures used to develop short term data points, the discontinuity effects of the end closures can significantly influence the apparent times to failure. If the failure can be clearly identified as initiating from end fixture influence, the result of the test may be discarded if the failure occurs outside the
