1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13491:2013Geosynthetic barriers Characteristics required foruse as a fluid barrier in theconstruction of tunnels andassociated undergroundstructuresBS EN 13491:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13491:2013. Itsupe
2、rsedes BS EN 13491:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/553, Geotextiles and geomembranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all
3、 the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 79930 3ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This B
4、ritish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13491:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13491 July 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 13491:2004E
5、nglish Version Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use as a fluid barrier in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures Barrires gosynthtiques - Caractristiques requises pour lutilisation comme barrire contre les liquides dans la construction des tunnels et de
6、s structures souterraines Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die fr die Anwendung beim Bau von Tunneln und damit verbundenen Tiefbauwerken erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulati
7、ons which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
8、This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN m
9、embers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por
10、tugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by
11、any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13491:2013: EBS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 8 3.1 Terms and definitions .8 3.2 Abbreviations .9 4 Required charac
12、teristics and corresponding methods of test .9 4.1 General 9 4.2 Types of application . 10 4.2.1 Application 1: “seepage water tunnel“ . 10 4.2.2 Application 2: “pressurised water tunnel“ . 11 4.2.3 Application 3: “Cut and cover seepage water tunnel“ 12 4.2.4 Application 4: “Cut and cover pressure w
13、ater tunnel“ . 13 4.3 Relevant characteristics 13 4.4 Characteristics relevant to specific conditions of use . 17 4.4.1 General . 17 4.4.2 Tear strength . 17 4.4.3 Bursting strength 17 4.4.4 Low temperature behaviour . 17 4.4.5 Weathering 17 4.4.6 Resistance to wetting and drying . 17 4.4.7 Freeze-t
14、haw cycle resistance 17 4.4.8 Resistance to root penetration 17 4.4.9 Gas permeability . 18 4.5 Release of dangerous substances 18 5 Evaluation of conformity 18 5.1 Presentation of characteristics . 18 5.2 Verification of values 18 5.3 Initial type tests . 19 5.4 Factory production control 19 5.5 In
15、spection 20 6 Marking 20 Annex A (normative) Factory production control Factory production control scheme 21 A.1 General . 21 A.2 Product design 21 A.3 Production . 21 A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials 21 A.3.2 Production process 21 A.4 Finished products . 21 A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials 21 A.4.2 A
16、lternative tests 24 A.4.3 Equipment . 24 A.5 Provisions applicable to A.2, A.3 and A.4 (to be used where appropriate) 25 A.5.1 Records 25 A.5.2 Assessment of results . 25 A.5.3 Traceability 25 A.5.4 Corrective action for non-conforming materials and products . 25 BS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 3
17、A.5.5 Personnel . 25 A.5.6 Quality management . 25 Annex B (normative) Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 26 B.1 Introduction 26 B.1.1 Standards to which this annex is common 26 B.1.2 Mechanisms of degradation . 26 B.1.3 Service life 27 B.1.4 Use of rework materials 27 B.2 Test requirements 27 B.
18、2.1 General requirement 27 B.2.2 Requirements for repeat testing 27 B.2.3 Requirements for individual materials 28 B.3 Durability tests . 29 B.3.1 Introduction 29 B.3.2 Weathering . 29 B.3.3 Resistance to micro-organisms . 31 B.3.4 Resistance to environmental stress cracking 31 B.3.5 Resistance to l
19、eaching 31 B.3.6 Resistance to oxidation 32 B.3.7 Chemical resistance 32 B.4 Evaluation tests and acceptance criteria 32 B.4.1 General 32 B.4.2 Evaluation by comparison of tensile properties 32 B.4.3 Evaluation by comparison of Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) values 33 B.4.4 Evaluation by change in m
20、ass . 33 B.4.5 Evaluation by change in water permeability . 33 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 34 ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 34 ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of geosynthetic b
21、arriers . 35 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity 35 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of Conformity 36 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling 37 Bibliography 40 BS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13491:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthe
22、tics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. A
23、ttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13491:2004. The following technical changes were introduced
24、 in comparison with the previous edition: The normative references were updated. Table 1 was revised. “Chemical resistance” was added to Clause 4. “Release of dangerous substances” was added to Clause 4. Annex A revised: “raw or incoming material” and Tables A.1 to A.3 were added. Annex B was revise
25、d. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. Acc
26、ording to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
27、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 5 Introduction This document allows manufacturers to des
28、cribe geosynthetic barriers on the basis of declared values for characteristics relevant to the intended use and if tested to the specified method. It also includes procedures for evaluation of conformity and factory production control. This document can also be used by designers, end-users and othe
29、r interested parties as a tool to define relevant and appropriate characteristics for specifications and on-site quality control. It should be emphasised however that not all characteristics and test methods quoted in this document are suitable for the purpose of on-site quality control. Tests for s
30、ome non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers. This docume
31、nt is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers when used in a specific application. Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conf
32、licting with European Standards. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure. BS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the relevant characte
33、ristics of geosynthetic barriers, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers, when used as fluid barriers in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characte
34、ristics. The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of water through the construction wall. This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products. This document provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this document. This document defines
35、requirements to be met by manufacturers and distributors with regard to the presentation of product properties. This document does not cover applications where the geosynthetic barrier is to be in contact with water that has been treated for human consumption. Where potable water is or may be in dir
36、ect contact with the product the designer should also refer to other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,
37、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 495-5, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of foldability at low temperature Part 5: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1109, Flex
38、ible sheets for waterproofing Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing Determination of flexibility at low temperature EN 1844, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of resistance to ozone Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determinat
39、ion of thickness and mass per unit area Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of thickness and mass per unit area Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of the resistance
40、 to weathering EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test EN 12310-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) EN 12311-1, Flex
41、ible sheets for waterproofing Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing Determination of tensile properties EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing BS EN 13491:2013EN 13491:2013 (E) 7 EN 13361, Geo
42、synthetic barriers Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams EN 13362, Geosynthetic Barriers Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals EN 13492, Geosynthetic barriers Characteristics required for use in the construction of liquid waste disposal
43、sites, transfer stations or secondary containment EN 13493, Geosynthetic barriers Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites EN 14150, Geosynthetic barriers Determination of permeability to liquids EN 14151, Geosynthetics Determination of burst str
44、ength EN 14196, Geosynthetics Test methods for measuring mass per unit area of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14414:2004, Geosynthetics Screening test method for determining chemical resistance for landfill applications EN 14415, Geosynthetic barriers Test method for determining the resistance to lea
45、ching EN 16416, Geosynthetic clay barriers Determination of water flux index Flexible wall permeameter method at constant head CEN/TS 14416, Geosynthetic barriers Test method for determining the resistance to roots CEN/TS 14417, Geosynthetic barriers Test method for the determination of the influenc
46、e of wetting-drying cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers CEN/TS 14418, Geosynthetic barriers Test method for the determination of the influence of freezing-thawing cycles on the permeability of clay geosynthetic barriers EN 14575, Geosynthetic barriers Screening test method for d
47、etermining the resistance to oxidation EN 14576, Geosynthetics Test method for determining the resistance of polymeric geosynthetic barriers to environmental stress cracking EN 15382, Geosynthetic barriers Characteristics required for use in transportation infrastructure EN ISO 527-1:2012, Plastics
48、Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1:2012) EN ISO 527-3:1995, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-3:1995) EN ISO 527-4:1997, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 4: Test conditions for is
49、otropic and orthotopic fibre-reinforced plastic composites (ISO 527-4:1997) EN ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862) EN ISO 9864, Geosynthetics Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and geotextile-related products (ISO 9864) EN ISO 10318:2005, Geosynthetics Terms and definitions (ISO 10318:2005) EN ISO 10319, Geotextiles Wide-width tensile test (ISO 10319) EN ISO 10320, Geotextiles and geotextile-rela
