1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Cranes - General designPart 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery - Hydraulic cylindersBS EN 13001-3-6:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13001-3-6:2018.The UK par
2、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/3/1, Crane design.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible fo
3、r its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 89957 7ICS 23.100.20; 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stan
4、dards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13001-3-6:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13001-3-6February 2018ICS 23.100.20; 53.020.20EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN
5、 DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN 13001-3-6:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersCranes - General design - Part 3-6: Limit states an
6、d proof of competence of machinery - Hydraulic cylindersAppareils de levage charge suspendue - Conception gnrale - Partie 3-6 : tats limites et vrification daptitude des lments de mcanismes - Vrins hydrauliquesKrane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-6: Grenzzustnde und Sicherheitsnachweis von Maschi
7、nenbauteilen - HydraulikzylinderThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 November 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da
8、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
9、under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Forme
10、r Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)Eur
11、opean forewordThis document (EN 13001-3-6:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the l
12、atest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent righ
13、ts.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.Accor
14、ding to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
15、 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.2BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)IntroductionThis European Standard has been
16、 prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and
17、the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and even
18、ts are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been design
19、ed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.3BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)European foreword 2Introduction . 3European foreword 6Introduction . 71 Scope . 82 Normative references 83 Terms, definitions and symbols 93.1 Terms and definitions . 93.2 Symbols an abbreviati
20、ons . 93.3 Terminology . 114 General .124.1 Documentation 124.2 Materials for hydraulic cylinders . 134.2.1 General requirements .134.2.2 Grades and qualities 145 Proof of static strength 145.1 General 145.2 Limit design stresses 155.2.1 General. 155.2.2 Limit design stress in structural members 165
21、.2.3 Limit design stresses in welded connections .175.3 Linear stress analysis . 175.3.1 General. 175.3.2 Typical load cases and boundary conditions .175.3.3 Cylinder tube 185.3.4 Cylinder bottom .205.3.5 Piston rod welds 215.3.6 Cylinder head .215.3.7 Cylinder tube and piston rod threads .215.3.8 T
22、hread undercuts and locking wire grooves 225.3.9 Oil connector welds 235.3.10 Connecting interfaces to crane structure 235.4 Nonlinear stress analysis 235.4.1 General. 235.4.2 Standard cylinder with end moments 245.4.3 Support leg .245.5 Execution of the proof 255.5.1 Proof for load bearing componen
23、ts 255.5.2 Proof for bolted connections 255.5.3 Proof for welded connections 256 Proof of fatigue strength 256.1 General 256.2 Stress histories . 266.3 Execution of the proof 276.4 Limit design stress range 276.5 Details for consideration . 286.5.1 General. 286.5.2 Bottom weld 286.5.3 Notch stress a
24、t oil connectors . 306.5.4 Cylinder head .316.5.5 Piston rod 334Contents PageBS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)6.5.6 Cylinder head bolts .356.5.7 Cylinder head flange weld 356.5.8 Mechanical interfaces .377 Proof of elastic stability .377.1 General 377.2 Critical buckling load 387.3 Limit com
25、pressive design force . 397.4 Execution of the proof 40Annex A (informative) Critical buckling load for common buckling cases41Annex B (informative) Second order analysis of two important cases 45Annex C (informative) Shell section forces and moments for cylinder bottom 48Annex D (informative) Fatig
26、ue analysis of bottom weld for more complex cases 51Annex E (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application .54Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered 56Bibliogr
27、aphy .57 ISO ISO pub-date year All rights reserved 5BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN 13001-3-6:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the statu
28、s of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
29、 of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship
30、with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cz
31、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Unit
32、ed Kingdom.6BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)IntroductionThis European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Di
33、rective, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 1
34、2100:2010.The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard.When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standar
35、d take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.7BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)1 ScopeThis European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001-1, EN 13001-2 and EN 13001-3-1
36、 as well as pertinent crane type product EN standards, and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to, by design and theoretical verification, prevent mechanical hazards of hydraulic cylinders that are part of the load carrying structures of cranes. Hydraulic piping, hoses
37、and connectors used with the cylinders, as well as cylinders made from other material than carbon steel, are not within the scope of this standard.The following are significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseea
38、ble misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards:a) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);b) elastic instability (column buckling).NOTE EN 13001-3-6 deals only with the limit state method in accordance
39、with EN 13001-1.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docu
40、ment (including any amendments) applies.EN 10083-2:2006, Steels for quenching and tempering Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non alloy steelsEN 10210-2:2006, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional propertiesEN
41、10216-3:2013, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes Technical delivery conditions Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubesEN 10277-2:2008, Bright steel products Technical delivery conditions Part 2: Steels for general engineering purposesEN 10305-1:2016, Steel tubes for precision applications Techn
42、ical delivery conditions Part 1: Seamless cold drawn tubesEN 10305-2:2016, Steel tubes for precision applications Technical delivery conditions Part 2: Welded cold drawn tubesEN 13001-1, Cranes General design Part 1: General principles and requirementsEN 13001-2, Crane safety General design Part 2:
43、Load actionsEN 13001-3-1, Cranes General Design Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structureEN 13445-2:2014, Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: MaterialsEN ISO 148-1:2016, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test method (ISO 148-1:2016)EN ISO 5817:2014, Welding Fus
44、ion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2014)EN ISO 8492:2013, Metallic materials Tube Flattening test (ISO 8492:2013)EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk
45、 reduction (ISO 12100:2010)8 BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)ISO 724:1993, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads Basic dimensions3 Terms, definitions and symbols3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 apply.ISO and
46、IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.2 Symbols an abbreviationsThe essential symbols and abbreviations are given in Tab
47、le 1.Table 1 Symbols and abbreviationsSymbols DescriptionA% Percentage elongation at fracturea Weld throat thicknessAi, Bi, Ci, DiConstantsA sStress areaD Piston diameterd Rod diameterD a,iDiameter of axlesD pPressure affected diameterD wWeld diameterE Modulus of elasticityF Compressive forceF AComp
48、ressive forceFE Finite Elementsf RdLimit design stressf RdLimit design stress, normalf RdLimit design stress, shearF SLateral forceF SdExternal design forcef uUltimate strengthf w,RdLimit design weld stressf yYield strengthh thickness of the cylinder bottomI Moment of inertia, genericI 1Moment of in
49、ertia of the tubeI 2Moment of inertia of the rodL Overall length of the cylinderL 1Length of the cylinder tubeL 2Length of the cylinder rodm Slope of the log log N curve9BS EN 13001-3-6:2018EN 13001-3-6:2018 (E)M 0Shell section bending moment, acting at the intersection between tube and bottomMB Bending momentN Compressive forceN kCritical buckling loadN RdLimit compressive design forceN SdCompressive design forcep i1Maximum pressure in piston side chamberp i2Maximum pressure in rod side chamberp oOut
