1、BRITISH STANDARD Natural stone Terminology The European Standard EN 12670:2001 has the status ofa British Standard ICs 91.100.15; 01.040.91 BS EN 12670:2002 Wk present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests inform
2、ed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. - A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cr oss-r e fer enc e s The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred
3、 to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a cont
4、ract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 49 and a back cov
5、er. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. O BSI 27 February 2002 ISBN O 580 39185 X EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12670 December 2001 ICs 01.040.73; 01.040.91; 73.020; 91.100.15 English version Natural stone - Terminolog
6、y Pierre naturelle -Terminologie Naturstein -Terminologie This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2001 CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without
7、any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
8、 translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irela
9、nd, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels O 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in an
10、y form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12670:2001 E EN 12670:2001 (E) Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 Scope 5 Terminology of Natural Stone . 5 Geological terms . 5 Quarrying terms 27 Processing terms 29
11、 Products and installation terms 32 Scientific Classifications . 35 Scientific Classification Charts 36 Igneous Rocks Classification 36 Sedimentary Rocks Classification Charts 42 Metamorphic Rocks Classification Chart . 46 . Geological Time Scale (Informative) 35 Annex A (informative) Alphabetic Ind
12、ex . 47 Bibliography . 53 2 EN 12670:2001 (E) Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural Stone“, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical t
13、ext or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2002. This draft standard is one of a series of standards for natural stone products including denomination, test methods and product standards. Annexes A and B are informat
14、ive. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
15、 Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 3 EN 12670:2001 (E) Introduction The term Natural Stone groups several rock types with marked geological differences. The extraction elaboration and commerce of Natural Stone have set a very particular vocabulary. Many of these terms have
16、 been taken from the popular or quarrymen language, which sometimes is far from scientific definitions; this often results in a great deal of confusion. This standard establishes the terminological bases for geological and petrologic definitions of Natural Stone and its classification. References to
17、 definitions of natural stone products, defined in other European Standards, are provided when necessary. It also incorporates most of the popular or commercial terminology. The terminology covers the fields of geology, mining, processing, marketing and products of Natural Stone. The included scient
18、ific classifications allows to set the scientific name of the stone varieties. 4 EN 12670:2001 (E) 1 Scope This European Standard defines the recommended terminology covering scientific, and technical terms, test methods, products, and the classification of Natural Stones. 2 Terminology of Natural S
19、tone NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard the following abbreviations apply: e.g. for example (Latin exempli gratia); .e. that is (Latin id est). 2.1 Geological terms 2.1 .I accessory minerals: Rock-forming minerals that occur in such small amounts that they are not included in the classi
20、fication of the rock. NOTE Accessory minerals can be used to state precisely the name of the rock, e.g. biotite granite. (See also EN 1 2440). 2.1.2 acid rock: Igneous rock that contains more than 65 % of silica. 2.1.3 actinolite: Ca-Mg-Fe-amphibole. See amphibole formula. 2.1.4 agate: Cryptocrystal
21、line variety of silica, showing a variegated banded structure and waxy luster. 2.1.5 agglomerate: Extrusive pyroclastic rock of consolidated or unconsolidated coarse volcanic fragments (with diameters greater than 64 mm), in which rounded pyroclasts predominate. 2.1.6 alabaster: Fine grained, compac
22、t variety of gypsum, usually white or pale coloured and translucent. 2.1.7 albite: Sodium plagioclase, formula Na AI Si, O, See plagioclase. 2.1.8 alkali feldspar: The alkali-rich feldspars microcline, orthoclase, sanidine, albite, with less than 5% anorthite. See feldspar and plagioclase. 2.1.9 all
23、ochems: One of the several varieties of discrete and organized carbonate aggregates that serve as the coarser framework grains in most mechanically deposited limestones. Important allochems include: silt, sand, gravelsize intraclasts ooids; pellets; lumps and fossils or fossil fragments. 2.1 .IO all
24、otriomorphic; anhedral; xenomorphic: Term applied to minerals which show in thin sections no characteristic or rational faces, suggested by its crystalline structure. 2.1 .I 1 alteration: Changes of the mineralogical composition of a rock brought about by physical, chemical or biological means, incl
25、uding actions of hydrothermal solutions and weathering processes. Differs from metamorphism in being milder, more localized and not restricted to high temperatures. 2.1.12 alumina; corundum: A mineral, formula A120,. Used in fine polishing. 2.1.13 amorphous: Mineral that does not have a crystalline
26、structure. 2.1 .I4 amphibole: Family of dark ferromagnesian silicate minerals, general formula ,B,(Si,A1),022(0H)2, where A= Mg, Fe2+, Ca, Na; B=Mg, Fe2+, Fe3+, AI. 2.1 .I5 amphibolite: Metamorphic rock consisting mainly of amphibole and plagioclase. See 3.2.3.1 2.1 .I6 amygdaloidal: Fabric of volca
27、nic rocks where vesicles are present, which are full or partially filled with secondary minerals. 2.1.17 analcime: A mineral Na AISi,O, H20 of the zeolite group, which can occur in basalts. See 5 EN 12670:2001 (E) also zeolite, secondary minerals. 2.1 .I8 anhedral: See allotriomorphic. 2.1.19 anisot
28、ropy: Property of some minerals and rocks of having different behaviour in different directions. .e. hardness in kyanite, thermal expansion in calcite, flexural resistance in slate. 2.1.20 andalusite: Mineral AI,SiO, polymorphous with sillimanite and kyanite. 2.1.21 andesite: Volcanic rock composed
29、mainly of plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine) and one or more of the dark minerals amphibole, pyroxene, and biotite. 2.1.22 anhydrite: Sedimentary evaporitic mineral, formula CaSO,. 2.1.23 ankerite: Mineral of dolomite group with calcium and iron. 2.1.24 anorthite: Calcic plagioclase, Ca AI,Si,O,. See
30、 plagioclase. 2.1.25 anorthoclase: Sodium-rich mineral of the alkali feldspar group, formula (Na,K)AISi,O,. Its composition, in term of the mole fraction of the orthoclase component (or) and the albite component (ab) is or,ab, to or,ab,. See feldspar, microcline, plagioclase, orthoclase. 2.1.26 anor
31、thosite: Plutonic rock mainly composed of plagioclase and little or no dark minerals. See 3.2.1 .I. 2.1.27 antiperthite: Feldspar containing intergrowth lamellae of orthoclase in albite. See also feldspar and perthite. 2.1.28 apatite: Group of minerals, formula Ca,(PO,CO,),(F,OH,CI). 2.1.29 aplite:
32、Fine grained dyke rock of granitic composition. 2.1.30 aragonite: Mineral, polymorphous with calcite, formula CaCO,. 2.1.31 arenite: Consolidated sedimentary rock mainly composed of sand-size detrital fragments or mineral grains, usually the term is used with a prefix that refers to its composition
33、or genesis, e.g. quartzarenite. See also 3.2.2.4 2.1.32 argillite: Consolidated sedimentary rock mainly composed wholly of detrital clay-size particles or clay minerals. 2.1.33 arkose: Sedimentary detrital rock with less than 75 % quartz and a high content of feldspar grains. See 3.2.2.4. 2.1.34 aug
34、en fabric; ocellar fabric: Fabric in some rocks, usually metamorphic, consisting of ellipsoidal or lens-shaped porphyroblasts, crystals, or fragments, rounded and enveloped by the foliation, resembling eyes (augen) in a cross section. 2.1.35 augite (clinopyroxenes): Mineral of the pyroxene group (cl
35、inopiroxenes), general formula (Ca,Na) (Mg ,Fe2+,AI) (Si,AI) ,O6 2.1.36 banded: Rock having alternating nearly parallel layers that differ in colour, fabric or mineral composition, and because of that it shows alternating bands in a cross section. 2.1.37 basalt (basanite): a) Scientifically: volcani
36、c rock consisting essentially of plagioclase (labradorite-anorthite) and pyroxene and includes a fine grained to dense fabric (See 3.2.1.3). b) Commercially: basalt is a natural stone as per the scientific definition of basalt and other rocks such as basalt, picrites, diabases, dolerites and microga
37、bbros. 2.1.38 basic: Igneous rock with more than 45 % and less than 52 % of silice. 2.1.39 bedding plane: a) A planar or nearly planar surface that visibly separates the individual beds, layers or strata, especially in sedimentary rocks. 6 EN 12670:2001 (E) b) Any surface, even when conspicuously be
38、nt or deformed by folding. 2.1.40 bioclastic rock: Sedimentary rock consisting of fragments and broken remains of organisms; e.g. limestone composed of shell fragments. 2.1.41 biotite: Black rock-forming mineral of the mica group, formula K(Mg,Fe2+),(AI,Fe3+) Si,O,(OH),. 2.1.42 blasto: Prefix used t
39、o describe the metamorphic rock fabrics denoting the presence of residual crystals or pre-existing fabric modified by metamorphism, but still recognized; e.g. blastogranular, blastomylonitic. 2.1.43 breccia: a) A coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock composed by angular rock fragments held togethe
40、r by a mineral cement or in a fine grained matrix. b) Rock consisting of highly angular coarse fragments, of whatever origin, for example, volcanic breccia (explosive origin), fault breccia (tectonic crushing origin), intraclastic breccia (sedimentary origin). 2.1.44 2.1.45 2.1.46 2.1.47 2.1.48 2.1.
41、49 2.1.50 2.1.51 2.1.52 2.1.53 2.1.54 2.1.55 2.1.56 2.1.57 2.1.58 2.1.59 2.1.60 Buntsandstein: The lower part of Triassic Period. See 3.1. calcarenite: Limestone consisting predominantly of recycled detrital calcite grains of sand size. calcareous: Containing calcium carbonate. calcilutite: Limeston
42、e consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments of silt or clay size. calcirudite: Limestone consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments larger than sand size. See rudite. calcisiltite: Limestone consisting predominantly of detrital calcite grains or fragments
43、 of silt size. calcite: Mineral, very common in some sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, formula CaCO,; trimorphous with aragonite and vaterite. calcitic dolomite: Carbonate rock which 50 % to 89 % of the mineral dolomite. (See also 3.2.2.2). calcitic marble: a marble containing more than 90 % of cal
44、cite. calc-silicate marble: Marble with calcium and partially magnesium silicate minerals. See marble, ophicalcite, 3.2.3.2 calc-schist; carbonate mica-schist: Schist with carbonate minerals, in a lesser amount than a marble. See schist, 3.2.3. Cambrian: The oldest system and period into which the P
45、alaeozoic is divided. See 3.1. carbonate : Mineral containing CO:-; calcite, dolomite, magnesite, and siderite are frequent rock-forming carbonate minerals. carbonate rock: Rock consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals, especially a sedimentary rock; limestone, dolomite, and carbonatite are examples
46、 of carbonate rocks. See 3.2.2.2. Carboniferous: Period and system of the Palaeozoic. See 3.1. cataclastic: Pertaining to the structure and texture produced in a rock by severe mechanical stress during dynamic metamorphism; bending, breaking, and fragmentation of the mineral grains are characteristi
47、c features; also said of the rocks exhibiting such structure. (See also breccia). cement: Mineral materia, usually chemically precipitated, that occurs in the spaces among the individual grains of a consolidated sedimentary rock, thereby binding the grains together as a rigid mass; silica, carbonate
48、s and iron oxides are common cements. 7 EN 12670:2001 (E) 2.1.61 2.1.62 2.1.63 2.1.64 2.1.65 2.1.66 2.1.67 2.1.68 2.1.69 2.1.70 2.1.71 2.1.72 2.1.73 2.1.74 2.1.75 2.1.76 2.1.77 Cenozoic: Era of geologic time. See 3.1. chalcedony: Cryptocrystalline commonly fibrous variety of silica. chalcopyrite: Mi
49、neral formula CuFeS,. chalk: Soft fine-grained limestone, consisting almost wholly of calcitic remains from microorganisms , usually white. charnockite: Orthopyroxene-bearing. Member of granite family. chert: Hard, compact and dense sedimentary rock, consisting dominantly of cryptocrystalline and/or amorphous silica; flint is a variety of chert. chlorite: Group of clay minerals, some of them of green colour, general formula (Mg, Fe2+, Fe3+)6 AISi301,(OH),. chloritoid: Micaceous mineral, formula Fe,AI,Si,O,(OH),. chromite: Mineral formula (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al),O,. cipollino ma
