1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1011-7:2004 Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 7: Electron beam welding The European Standard EN 1011-7:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.160.10 BS EN 1011-7:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standard
2、s Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 August 2004 BSI 4 August 2004 ISBN 0 580 44198 9 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1011-7:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/-/1, Briefing committee for weldi
3、ng, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under t
4、he section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applica
5、tion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; moni
6、tor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 41 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was las
7、t issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN10117 July2004 ICS25.160.10 Englishversion WeldingRecommendationsforweldingofmetallicmaterials Part7:Electronbeamwelding SoudageRecommandationspourlesoudagedes matriauxmtalliquesParti
8、e7:Soudageparfaisceau dlectrons SchweienEmpfehlungenzumSchweienmetallischer WerkstoffeTeil7:Elektronenstrahlschweien ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon30April2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusof
9、anationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation und
10、ertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxe
11、mbourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymea
12、nsreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN10117:2004:EEN 1011-7:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope7 2 Normative references7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Quality requirements.12 5 Storage and handling of parent metals and consumables .12 6 Welding facilities12 7 Qual
13、ification of the welding personnel13 8 Welding procedure specification .13 9 Welding procedure test.14 10 Joint preparation14 10.1 Machining.14 10.2 Demagnetisation14 10.3 Cleaning14 10.4 Assembly15 11 Joint design15 11.1 Longitudinal seams.15 11.2 Circular seams.16 12 Evacuation holes.17 13 Tack we
14、lds, cosmetic passes.17 14 Thermal pre- and post heat treatment .18 15 Documentation.18 Annex A (informative) Information about weldability of metallic materials .19 A.1 General19 A.2 Steels and iron alloys19 A.3 Nickel and nickel alloys 20 A.4 Aluminium and magnesium alloys.20 A.5 Copper and copper
15、 alloys.20 A.6 Refractory and reactive metals 21 A.7 Dissimilar metals.21 A.8 Non-metals.21 Annex B (informative) Information about causes of weld imperfections and prevention23 Annex C (informative) Summary of electron beam weldability of metals with reference to CR ISO 15608:2000 groups .26 C.1 Gr
16、ouping system for steels 26 C.2 Grouping system for aluminium and aluminium alloys.30 C.3 Grouping system for copper and copper alloys.31 C.4 Grouping system for nickel and nickel alloys 31 C.5 Grouping system for titanium and titanium alloys.32 C.6 Grouping system for zirconium and zirconium alloys
17、.32 C.7 Grouping system for cast iron .33 EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 3 Annex D (informative) Examples of preparation of circular joints34 Bibliography41 Figures Figure 1 Terms of electron beam oscillation.8 Figure 2 Definition of working distance and focusing distance .9 Figure 3 Definition for termination
18、of circular seams 10 Figure 4 Welding with interlayer material11 Figure 5 Welding of dissimilar metals with transition material.12 Figure 6 Example of preparation of surface treated work pieces.14 Figure 7 Normal square butt weld15 Figure 8 Square butt weld with spigot or integral backing16 Figure 9
19、 Square butt weld with detached backing .16 Figure 10 Work piece with run-on and run-off plate for separating the weld start and weld end .16 Figure 11 Machining-related cavities .17 Figure 12 Weldment with additional hole for evacuating the cavity.17 Figure A.1 Sensitivity of hot cracks depending o
20、f alloy contents in aluminium.22 Figure D.1 Various types of radial joints with centring34 Figure D.2 Work piece with radial joint, centred using a welding jig .35 Figure D.3 Work pieces with unsuitable and better positions for radial weld.35 Figure D.4 Various types of axial joints.36 Figure D.5 Ex
21、ample of an axial weld with a depth of fusion zone adapted to suit the strength requirement (not welded through the full thickness of the joint).36 Figure D.6 Improved joint detail for axial welds with reduced stress concentration .37 Figure D.7 Deterioration of joint fit-up that occurs when welding
22、 axial joints assembled with a clearance fit .37 Figure D.8 Effect of the method of manufacture on the dimensions of gear wheels .38 Figure D.9 Example of a gear wheel with an unsuitable located axial joint. The joint is too close to the central bore. .38 Figure D.10 Better positioned axial joint co
23、mpared with figure D.9. The joint is further from the central bore and the wall thickness has been adapted to suit the required weld strength .39 Figure D.11 Better positioned axial joint compared with figure D.9. The slot has been included to accommodate radial shrinkage39 Figure D.12 Example of a
24、difficult to access electron beam weld 39 EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 4 Figure D.13 Relative tendency of axial and radial welds to cause deformation40 Tables Table B.1 Causes of weld imperfections and prevention 23 Table C.1 Grouping system for steels27 Table C.2 Grouping system for aluminium and aluminium a
25、lloys30 Table C.3 Grouping system for copper and copper alloys31 Table C.4 Grouping system for nickel and nickel alloys31 Table C.5 Grouping system for titanium and titanium alloys32 Table C.6 Grouping system for zirconium and zirconium alloys32 Table C.7 Grouping system for cast irons.33 EN 1011-7:
26、2004 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 1011-7:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lat
27、est by January 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). This Euro
28、pean Standard is composed of the following parts: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys Part 5: Welding of clad steel Part 7: Electron beam welding Part 8: Welding
29、of cast irons According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ita
30、ly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 6 Introduction This document contains special recommendations for the electron beam welding of metallic materials and should be obser
31、ved in connection with the general recommendations for welding according to EN 1011-1. It includes details on quality requirements, production welding facilities as well as the weldability of some materials and informs about welding procedures. The special properties of electron beam welding derive
32、from the high power and power density possible in the beam spot, the resulting “deep welding effect“ and the unique controllability of the process. Electron beam welding is recommended for welding metallic materials which require low heat input, low shrinkage, low distortion, and for welding dissimi
33、lar or reactive metals. It allows high welding speeds and flexibility of design by joining simple components. The electron beam is able to join very thin and very thick sections and the combination of both. It is also suited to automation and quality control. EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 7 1 Scope This docume
34、nt may be used for the electron beam welding (process no. 51 according to EN ISO 4063) of weldable metallic materials according to CR ISO 15608. It does not contain data on permissible stresses on weld seams or on the testing and evaluation of weld seams. Such data can either be seen from the releva
35、nt application standards or should be separately agreed between the contracting parties. A requirement for the application of this document is that the recommendations should be used by appropriately trained and experienced personnel. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are ind
36、ispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1011-1, Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 1: General guidan
37、ce for arc welding EN ISO 13919-1:1996, Welding Electron and laser beam welded joints Guidance on quality levels for imperfections Part 1: Steel (ISO 13919-1:1996) EN ISO 13919-2:2001, Welding Electron and laser beam welded joints Guidance on quality levels for imperfections Part 2: Aluminium and it
38、s weldable alloys (ISO 13919-2:2001) EN ISO 14744-1:2000, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 1: Principles and acceptance conditions (ISO 14744-1:2000) EN ISO 14744-2, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 2: Measurement of acceleratin
39、g voltage characteristics (ISO 14744-2:2000) EN ISO 14744-3, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 3: Measurement of beam current characteristics (ISO 14744-3:2000) EN ISO 14744-4, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 4: Measurement of w
40、elding speed (ISO 14744-4:2000) EN ISO 14744-5, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 5: Measurement of run-out accuracy (ISO 14744-5:2000) EN ISO 14744-6, Welding Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines Part 6: Measurement of stability of spot position
41、 (ISO 14744-6:2000) EN ISO 15614-11:2002, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure test Part 11: Electron and laser beam welding (ISO 15614-11:2002) EN ISO 15609-3:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials
42、 Welding procedure specification Part 3: Electron beam welding (ISO 15609-3:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 15609-3:2004, EN ISO 13919-1:1996, EN ISO 13919-2:2003, EN ISO 14744-1:2000, and EN ISO 15614-11:2002 and the followi
43、ng apply. EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 8 3.1 accelerating voltage electric potential difference U Abetween cathode and anode 3.2 beam current value of the electric current in the beam I B3.3 beam oscillation periodic deflection of the electron beam from the initial position defined in terms of pattern, dimens
44、ions and frequency NOTE See Figure 1. Key 1 Oscillation width 2 Initial position of the beam 3 Oscillation length Figure 1 Terms of electron beam oscillation 3.4 cosmetic pass superficial remelting of the weld in order to enhance its appearance NOTE This pass is usually made with a defocused or osci
45、llating beam. 3.5 defocusing deviation from the normal focus position (e. g. focus on work piece surface) 3.6 focusing distance distance between the focusing lens plane and beam focus position EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 9 NOTE See Figure 2. Key 1 Work piece 2 Working distance 3 Heat protection 4 Focusing le
46、ns 5 Focusing distance 6 Beam focus 7 Beam spot Figure 2 Definition of working distance and focusing distance 3.7 working distance distance between the surface of the work piece and a standard reference point on the equipment which is traceable to the true focusing lens plane NOTE See Figure 2. 3.8
47、lens current current I Lwhich flows through the electromagnetic focusing lens 3.9 slope down controlled decrease of the beam power at the end of welding. The slope down region is the region on the work piece in which the effects of slope down occur NOTE See Figure 3. The slope down region can consis
48、t of one or two areas, depending on the selected welding mode: a) in partial penetration welding: a region where penetration decreases continuously. b) in full penetration welding: a region where beam penetration is still complete; a region where penetration is partial or decreasing. EN 1011-7:2004 (E) 10 a) Partial penetration welding (with overlap) b) Full penetration welding (without overlap) c) Typical beam current I Bprofile for a
