1、 Standard ECMA-319 June 2001 Standardizing Information and Communication Systems Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 384-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges Ultrium-1 Format . Standard ECMA-319 June 2001 Standard
2、izing Information and Communication Systems Phone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch MBO ECMA-319.doc 12-07-01 Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 384-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges Ultrium-1 Format . Brief History Technical Committee ECMA TC17 has
3、 produced a series of ECMA Standards for magnetic tape cassettes and cartridges of different widths, e.g. 12,7 mm, 8 mm, 6,35 mm and 3,81 mm. In each series, the new standards correspond to specific types of application and different user requirements. Enhanced and new media correspond also to advan
4、cements in drive technology. The series of such cartridges with a magnetic tape of 12,7 mm width and longitudinally recorded tracks comprises the following standards. ECMA-120 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 18-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges ISO 9661 ECMA-152 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 m
5、m 18-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - Extended Format ISO/IEC 11559 ECMA-182 (1992) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 48-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 1 Format - ISO/IEC 13421 ECMA-196 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 36-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges ISO/IEC 14251 ECMA-197 (1993) : Data Inte
6、rchange on 12,7 mm 112-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 2 Format - ISO/IEC 13962 ECMA-209 (1994) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 3 Format ISO/IEC 14833 ECMA-231 (1995) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 4 Format ISO/IEC 1
7、5305 ECMA-258 (1997) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 3-XT Format ISO/IEC 15895 ECMA-259 (1997) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 208-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 5 Format ISO/IEC 15896 ECMA-278(1998) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-track Magnetic Tape Car
8、tridges ISO/IEC 17913 Parallel Serpentine Format ECMA-286 (1999) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 208-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 6 Format ISO/IEC 16382 ECMA-320 (2001) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 448-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - SDLT1 Format This ECMA Standard ECMA-319 describes a cartr
9、idge containing magnetic tape 12,65 mm wide and a recording format. This cartridge and format is the first in a family of linearly recorded 12,65 mm tape cartridges. Four types of cartridges are defined, containing tapes of different lengths. The primary differences between this Standard and previou
10、s linearly recorded Standards are a greater number of recorded tracks, a higher linear recording density, and a timing based servo for improved track following. Together these provide the ability to achieve significant improvements in cartridge capacity. This format, when recorded on a 609-metre tap
11、e, will provide a storage capacity of 100 Gbytes of uncompressed user data, or typically 200 Gbytes of compressed user data. All ECMA Standards listed above have been adopted by ISO/IEC as International Standards. The present ECMA Standard will also be contributed to ISO/IEC for adoption as an Inter
12、national Standard under the fast-track procedure. This Standard has been adopted by the ECMA General Assembly of June 2001. - i - Table of contents Page Section 1 - General 1 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance 1 2.1 Magnetic tape cartridge 1 2.2 Generating system 1 2.3 Receiving system 1 3 References 1 4 Defin
13、itions 2 4.1 Access Point 2 4.2 algorithm 2 4.3 algorithmically processed data 2 4.4 a.c. erase 2 4.5 Average Signal Amplitude 2 4.6 back surface 2 4.7 Beginning of Tape (BOT) 2 4.8 Beginning of Wrap (BOW) 2 4.9 bit 2 4.10 bit cell 2 4.11 Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio (BBSNR) 2 4.12 byte 2 4.13 c
14、artridge 2 4.14 Channel bit 2 4.15 Codeword 2 4.16 Codeword Pair 3 4.17 Codeword Quad (CQ) 3 4.18 CQ Set 3 4.19 cyclic redundancy check (CRC) character 3 4.20 Data Set 3 4.21 Data Set Information Table (DSIT) 3 4.22 End of Data (EOD) 3 4.23 End of Tape (EOT) 3 4.24 End of Wrap (EOW) 3 4.25 Error Cor
15、recting Code (ECC) 3 4.26 File Mark 3 4.27 flux transition position 3 4.28 flux transition spacing 3 4.29 forward tape motion 3 4.30 header 3 4.31 Housekeeping Data Set 3 4.32 logical forward 3 4.33 logical reverse 3 4.34 Logical Point 3 - ii - 4.35 magnetic tape 4 4.36 Master Standard Reference Tap
16、e (MSRT) 4 4.37 LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO CM) 4 4.38 Optimum Recording Current 4 4.39 physical end of tape 4 4.40 physical forward 4 4.41 physical reverse 4 4.42 pre-record condition 4 4.43 processed data 4 4.44 Processed Record 4 4.45 Processing (Compression) 4 4.46 Protected Record 4 4.47 Record 4
17、 4.48 recorded element 4 4.49 Reference Recording Current 4 4.50 Reprocessing (Decompression) 5 4.51 reverse tape motion 5 4.52 run length limited encoding (RLL) 5 4.53 Secondary Standard Reference Tape (SSRT) 5 4.54 servo acquisition region 5 4.55 Standard Reference Amplitude (SRA) 5 4.56 Symbol 5
18、4.57 Synchronised Codeword Quad (SCQ) 5 4.58 Test Recording Density (TRD) 5 4.59 wrap 5 4.60 write equalisation 5 4.61 (1,7) RLL code 5 5 Conventions and notations 6 5.1 Representation of numbers 6 5.2 Dimensions 6 5.3 Names 6 5.4 Alphanumeric string encoding 6 6 Acronyms 6 7 Environment and safety
19、7 7.1 Cartridge and tape testing environment 7 7.2 Cartridge operating environment 7 7.3 Cartridge storage environment 7 7.4 Tape tension 7 7.5 Safety 7 7.6 Flammability 7 7.7 Transportation 7 Section 2 - Requirements for the Cartridge 8 8 Dimensional and Mechanical Characteristics of the Cartridge
20、8 8.1 Elements of the cartridge 8 8.2 Reference Planes of the case 8 8.3 Dimensions of the case 8 8.3.1 Overall dimension 9 8.3.2 Reference points for reference planes 9 8.3.3 Positioning notches 10 8.3.4 Handling notches 11 - iii - 8.3.5 Mis-insertion protection 11 8.3.6 Stacking features 11 8.3.7
21、Label area of the rear side 12 8.3.8 Central window 12 8.3.9 Sliding door 12 8.3.10 Case opening 13 8.4 Write-inhibit mechanism 13 8.5 Flexibility of the case 13 8.5.1 Requirements 13 8.5.2 Procedure 13 8.6 Tape reel 14 8.6.1 Locking mechanism 14 8.6.2 Axis of rotation of the reel 14 8.6.3 Reel flan
22、ges 14 8.6.4 Metallic insert 15 8.6.5 Toothed rim 15 8.6.6 Hub of the reel 15 8.6.7 Relative positions of hub and case 15 8.6.8 Characteristics of the toothed rim 16 8.7 Magnetic tape 17 8.7.1 Tape wind 17 8.7.2 Wind tension 17 8.7.3 Circumference of the tape reel 17 8.7.4 Moment of inertia 17 8.8 L
23、eader pin assembly 17 8.8.1 Leader pin assembly dimensions 17 8.8.2 Leader tape attachment to leader pin assembly 18 8.8.3 Latching the leader pin assembly in the case 18 8.8.4 Mechanism and tape exit keepout area 19 8.9 LTO CM 19 8.10 Areas reserved for cartridge presence sensing 19 8.11 Handling g
24、rips and insertion indicator 20 8.11.1 Side grips 20 8.11.2 Insertion indicator 20 8.11.3 Top grip 20 8.11.4 Bottom grip 20 8.12 Pad Printing Areas 21 8.13 Opacity 21 Section 3 - Requirements for the Unrecorded Tape 37 9 Mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the tape 37 9.1 Materia
25、ls 37 9.2 Tape length 37 9.2.1 Length of magnetic tape 37 9.2.2 Length of leader tape 37 9.2.3 Length of splicing tape 37 9.3 Tape Width 37 9.3.1 Width of magnetic tape 37 9.3.2 Width of leader tape 37 9.3.3 Width of splicing tape 37 9.3.4 Procedure 38 9.4 Tape Thickness 38 - iv - 9.4.1 Procedure 38
26、 9.5 Longitudinal curvature 38 9.5.1 Procedure 38 9.6 Edge Quality 38 9.6.1 Edge deviation 38 9.7 Tape flatness 39 9.7.1 Cupping 40 9.7.2 Curl/Twist 40 9.8 Coating adhesion 40 9.8.1 Procedure 40 9.9 Layer-to-layer adhesion 41 9.9.1 Requirement 41 9.9.2 Procedure 41 9.10 Coefficient of friction 42 9.
27、10.1 Requirement 42 9.10.2 Procedure for the measurement of the dynamic friction between the magnetic surface and the back surface 42 9.10.3 Procedure for the measurement of the dynamic friction between the back surface and SS-310 stainless steel 43 9.10.4 Procedure for the measurement of the dynami
28、c friction between the magnetic surface and AlO2/TiC ceramic 43 9.11 Surface quality 43 9.11.1 Surface roughness 43 9.12 Abrasivity 43 9.13 Tensile strength 44 9.13.1 Breaking strength 44 9.13.2 Offset yield strength 44 9.14 Longitudinal compliance 44 9.14.1 Procedure 44 9.15 Residual elongation 44
29、9.15.1 Requirement 44 9.15.2 Procedure 44 9.16 Flexural rigidity 45 9.16.1 Requirement 45 9.16.2 Procedure 45 9.17 Transverse dimensional stability 45 9.18 Electrical resistance of coated surfaces 45 9.18.1 Requirement 45 9.18.2 Procedure 45 10 Magnetic Recording Characteristics 46 10.1 General 46 1
30、0.2 Test conditions 46 10.3 Optimum Recording Current 46 10.4 Signal amplitude 46 10.5 Resolution 46 10.6 Overwrite 47 10.6.1 Requirement 47 10.7 Ease of erasure 47 10.8 Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio 47 - v - 10.8.1 Requirement 47 10.9 Tape quality 47 10.9.1 Missing pulses 47 10.9.2 Missing pulse
31、 zone 47 Section 4 - Requirements for an Interchanged Tape 48 11 Method of recording servo bands 48 11.1 General 48 11.2 Servo bands 48 11.2.1 Servo stripes 48 11.2.2 Servo bursts 48 11.2.3 Servo frames 49 11.2.4 Servo signal amplitude 50 11.2.5 Servo signal polarity 50 11.2.6 Servo defects 51 11.3
32、Servo frame encoding 51 11.3.1 Method of encoding position and manufacturers data 51 11.3.2 LPOS word construction 53 11.3.3 Tape manufacturer encoding 54 11.3.4 Cross tape identification 56 11.4 Servo band location 56 11.5 Servo band pitch 56 11.6 Nominal servo locations 56 11.7 Long-term average s
33、ervo location 56 12 Method of recording data tracks 57 12.1 Physical recording density 57 12.2 Nominal bit cell length 57 12.3 Long-term average bit cell length 57 12.4 Short-term Average Bit Cell Length (STA) 57 12.5 Rate of change of the STA 57 12.6 Bit shift 57 12.7 Recording performance test con
34、ditions 57 12.8 Track sequence addressing 57 12.9 Location of data tracks 58 12.10 Track width 59 12.11 Adjacent track pitch 59 12.12 Azimuth 59 12.13 Total character skew 59 12.14 Channel Layout 59 13 Format 60 13.1 General 60 13.2 Protected Record 61 13.3 Processed Protected Record Sequence 62 13.
35、3.1 Control Symbols 62 13.3.2 End Marker 63 13.3.3 Access Points 63 13.3.4 Alignment and append points 64 13.4 Data Set 64 13.4.1 Format Identification Data Set (FID) 64 13.4.2 User Data Set 65 - vi - 13.4.3 EOD Data Set 65 13.4.4 Housekeeping Data Set 65 13.5 Data Set Information Table (DSIT) 66 13
36、.5.1 Drive Manufacturer Use 66 13.5.2 Drive Manufacturer Use C1 66 13.5.3 Reserved 67 13.5.4 Drive Manufacturers Identity 67 13.5.5 Data Set number 67 13.5.6 Valid Data Length 67 13.5.7 Access Point Offset 67 13.5.8 Total Records 68 13.5.9 Total File Marks 68 13.5.10 Record Count 68 13.5.11 File Mar
37、k Count 69 13.5.12 Thread Count 69 13.5.13 Data Set Type 70 13.5.14 Data Set Flags 70 13.5.15 Thread Write Pass 70 13.5.16 Tape Write Pass 70 13.6 ECC 71 13.6.1 Sub Data Set 71 13.6.2 C1 Sub Data Set 71 13.6.3 ECC Encoded Sub Data Set 72 13.6.4 Codeword Pair designation 74 13.7 Codeword Quads (CQ) 7
38、4 13.7.1 Codeword Pair Header 74 13.7.2 First Codeword Pair 76 13.7.3 Second Codeword Pair 76 13.8 Allocation of CQs to Logical Tracks 76 13.9 Data randomisation 77 13.10 RLL encoding 78 14 Recording of data on tape 78 14.1 Synchronised Data Set 78 14.1.1 Data Set Separator (DSS) 79 14.1.2 VFO Field
39、 1 79 14.1.3 VFO Field 2 79 14.1.4 Synchronised Codeword Quad (SCQ) 79 14.2 Write equalisation bit encoding 80 14.3 Writing cells on tape 81 15 Regions on tape 81 15.1 Logical Points and regions 81 15.2 Calibration Region 82 15.3 User Data Region 83 15.4 Interrupted Data Sets 83 15.5 Repeated CQ Set
40、s 83 15.6 Amble CQs 84 15.7 Beginning of Wrap (BOW) 84 15.8 End of Wrap (EOW) 84 15.9 Appending and Overwriting 84 15.10 Servo Tracking Faults 85 - vii - Annexes Page A - Measurement of Bit Shift 87 B - Measurement of Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio 89 C - Tape Abrasivity Measurement Procedure 91 D
41、 - LTO Cartridge Memory 95 E - Flexural Rigidity Procedure 117 F - LTO CM Electrical Surface 119 G - Recommendation for transportation 137 H - Inhibitor Tape 139 I - Vendor Code Lists 141 Section 1 - General 1 Scope This ECMA Standard specifies the physical and magnetic characteristics of magnetic t
42、ape cartridges, using magnetic tape 12,65 mm wide so as to provide physical interchange of such cartridges between drives. It also specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the recording method and the recorded format, thereby allowing data interchange between drives by means of such cartridges
43、. The format supports variable length Logical Records, high speed search, and the use of a registered algorithm for data compression. This ECMA Standard specifies four types of cartridges depending on the length of tape contained in the case. These four types are referred to as Type A, Type B, Type
44、C and Type D; their nominal capacity is 100 Gbytes, 50 Gbytes, 30 Gbytes and 10 Gbytes, respectively. NOTE One Gbyte contains 1 000 000 000 bytes. Information interchange between systems also requires, at a minimum, agreement between the interchange parties upon the interchange code(s) and the speci
45、fication of the structure and labeling of the information on the interchanged cartridge. This ECMA Standard shall be used only in conjunction with ECMA-321. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, e.g. Standard ECMA-13, this document provides for full data interchange between data pr
46、ocessing systems. 2 Conformance 2.1 Magnetic tape cartridge A tape cartridge shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets all the mandatory requirements specified herein. The tape requirements shall be satisfied throughout the extent of the tape. 2.2 Generating system A system generat
47、ing a magnetic tape cartridge for interchange shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if all the recordings that it makes meet the mandatory requirements of this ECMA Standard. 2.3 Receiving system A system receiving a magnetic tape cartridge for interchange shall be in conformance with this
48、 ECMA Standard if it is able to handle any recording made on the tape according to this ECMA Standard. 3 References ECMA-13:1985 File Structure and Labelling of Magnetic Tapes for Information Interchange ECMA-287:1999 Safety of Electronic Equipment ECMA-321:2001 Streaming Lossless Data Compression A
49、lgorithm (SLDC) ISO/R527:1966 Plastics Determination of Tensile Properties ISO/IEC 646:1991 Information Technology - 7-bit Coded Character Set for Information Interchange ISO 3574:1999 Cold-Reduced Carbon Steel Sheet of Commercial and Drawing Qualities ISO 4287:1997 Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms, Definitions, and Surface Texture Parameters ISO/IEC 11576:1994 Information Technology - Procedure for the Registration of Algorithms for the Lossless Compression of Data ISO/IEC 14443-2:2000 Identification Cards - Contactless Integrated
