1、Standard ECMA-2722ndEdition - June 1999Standardizing Information and Communication SystemsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.ch120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk(DVD-RAM).Standard ECMA-272June 1999Standardizing Information and Communication Syst
2、emsPhone: +41 22 849.60.00 - Fax: +41 22 849.60.01 - URL: http:/www.ecma.ch - Internet: helpdeskecma.chMB ECMA-272.DOC 25-06-99 15,06120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk(DVD-RAM).Brief HistoryECMA Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical DiskCartrid
3、ges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC toward the development ofInternational Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm media. Numerous standards have been developedby TC31 and published by ECMA, almost all of which have also been adopt
4、ed by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure asInternational Standards.In February 1997 a group of ten Companies, known as the DVD Forum, proposed to TC31 to develop standards for the opticaldisks known as DVD-Read-Only disks. TC31 adopted this project and started the work that has lead to standards
5、ECMA-267 (1997) 120 mm DVD-Read-Only DiskECMA-268 (1997) 80 mm DVD-Read-Only DiskFurther work has been undertaken for a rewritable disk known as DVD-RAM and for a case for such disks. This work issupported by nine members of the DVD Forum. It has led to the present ECMA Standard and to StandardECMA-
6、273 (1998) Case for 120 mm DVD Rewritable Disk (DVD-RAM)Work on standards for volume and file structure for these standards is in progress in ECMA Technical Committee TC15.This ECMA Standard specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks with a nominal capacity of 2,6 Gbytes and 5,2 Gbytes. Ithas b
7、een adopted by ISO/IEC as International Standard ISO/IEC 16824. These disks can be contained in one of the Types ofcase specified in Standard ECMA-273 and, thus, be used as an optical disk cartridge.Adopted as 2ndedition of Standard ECMA-272 by the General Assembly in June 1999.- i -Table of Content
8、sSection 1 - General 11 Scope 12 Conformance 12.1 Optical Disk 12.2 Generating system 12.3 Receiving system 13 Reference 14 Definitions 14.1 Case 14.2 Channel bit 14.3 Digital Sum Value (DSV) 24.4 Disk Reference Plane 24.5 Dummy substrate 24.6 Embossed mark 24.7 Entrance surface 24.8 Land and Groove
9、 24.9 Mark 24.10 Phase change 24.11 Polarization 24.12 Recording layer 24.13 Sector 24.14 Space 24.15 Substrate 24.16 Track 24.17 Track pitch 24.18 ZCLV 34.19 Zone 35 Conventions and notations 35.1 Representation of numbers 35.2 Names 36 List of acronyms 37 General description of the optical disk 38
10、 General requirements 48.1 Environments 48.1.1 Test environment 48.1.2 Operating environment 58.1.3 Storage environment 58.1.4 Transportation 58.2 Safety requirement 58.3 Flammability 5- ii -9 Reference Drive 59.1 Optical Head 59.2 Read channels 69.3 Rotation speed 69.4 Disk clamping 69.5 Normalized
11、 servo transfer function 79.6 Reference Servo for axial tracking 79.7 Reference Servo for radial tracking 8Section 2 - Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 910 Dimensional characteristics 910.1 Overall dimensions 1010.2 First transition area 1110.3 Second transition area
12、1110.4 Clamping Zone 1110.5 Third transition area 1110.6 Rim area 1210.7 Remark on tolerances 1210.8 Label 1211 Mechanical characteristics 1211.1 Mass 1211.2 Moment of inertia 1211.3 Dynamic imbalance 1211.4 Sense of rotation 1211.5 Runout 1211.5.1 Axial runout 1211.5.2 Radial runout 1212 Optical ch
13、aracteristics 1312.1 Index of refraction 1312.2 Thickness of the transparent substrate 1312.3 Angular deviation 1312.4 Birefringence of the transparent substrate 1312.5 Reflectivity 13Section 3 - Format of information 1413 Data format 1413.1 Data Frames 1413.1.1 Data ID 1513.1.2 Data ID Error Detect
14、ion code (IED) 1613.1.3 Reserved bytes (RSV) 1613.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC) 1613.2 Scrambled Frames 1713.3 ECC Blocks 1713.4 Recording Frames 1913.5 Recording code and NRZI conversion 2013.6 Recorded Data Field 2113.7 DC component suppress Control (DCC) 2213.7.1 DCC for the data in the Rewritab
15、le Area 2213.7.2 DCC for the data in the Embossed Area 22- iii -13.7.3 PID and PED recording 2314 Track format 2314.1 Track shape 2314.3 Track pitch 2414.4 Track layout 2414.5 Rotation speed 2414.6 Radial alignment 2514.7 Sector number 2515 Sector format 2615.1 Sector layout 2615.1.1 Sector layout i
16、n the Rewritable Area 2615.1.2 Sector layout in the Embossed Area 2615.2 VFO fields 2715.3 Address Mark (AM) 2815.4 Physical ID (PID) fields 2815.5 PID Error Detection code (PED) fields 2915.6 Postamble 1 and Postamble 2 (PA 1, PA 2) fields 2915.7 Mirror field 3115.8 Gap field 3115.9 Guard 1 field 3
17、115.10 Pre-Synchronous code (PS) field 3115.11 Data field 3115.12 Postamble 3 (PA 3) field 3115.13 Guard 2 field 3115.14 Recording polarity randomization 3115.15 Buffer field 3216 Format of the Information Zone 3216.1 Division of the Information Zone 3216.2 Lead-in Zone 3416.2.1 Structure of Lead-in
18、 Zone 3416.2.2 Initial Zone 3416.2.3 Reference Code Zone 3416.2.4 Buffer Zone 1 3416.2.5 Buffer Zone 2 3516.2.6 Control Data Zone 3516.2.7 Connection Zone 3916.2.8 Guard Track Zones 1 and 2 4016.2.9 Disk Test Zone 4016.2.10 Drive Test Zone 4016.2.11 Reserved Zone 4016.2.12 DMA 1 and DMA 2 4116.3 Dat
19、a Zone 4116.3.1 Structure of Data Zone and of the Defect Management Areas (DMAs) 4116.3.2 Guard Track Zones 4116.3.3 Partitioning 4116.4 Lead-out Zone 4316.4.1 Structure of Lead-out Zone 4316.4.2 DMA 3 and DMA 4 4316.4.3 Reserved Zone 4316.4.4 Guard Track Zone 1 43- iv -16.4.5 Drive Test Zone 4316.4
20、.6 Disk Test Zone 4316.4.7 Guard Track Zone 2 4317 Defect management 4317.1 Defect Management Areas (DMAs) 4317.2 Disk Definition Structure (DDS) 4417.3 Spare sectors 4617.4 Slipping Algorithm 4717.5 Linear Replacement Algorithm 4817.6 Primary Defect List (PDL) 4917.7 Secondary Defect List (SDL) 501
21、7.8 Formatting of the disk 5217.8.1 Full and Partial Certification 5217.8.2 Initialization 5217.8.3 Re-initialization 5317.8.4 Data field number resulting from Initialization and Re-initialization 5317.9 Write procedure 5417.10 Read procedure 5417.10.1 Blank ECC block 5417.10.2 Read procedure 55Sect
22、ion 4 - Characteristics of embossed information 5518 Method of testing 5518.1 Environment 5518.2 Reference Drive 5518.2.1 Optics and mechanics 5518.2.2 Read power 5518.2.3 Read channels 5518.2.4 Tracking channel 5518.2.5 Tracking 5618.3 Definition of signals 5619 Signals from lands and grooves 6019.
23、1 Push-pull signal 6019.2 Divided push-pull signal 6019.3 On-track signal 6119.4 Phase depth 6119.5 Wobble signal 6120 Signals from Header fields 6220.1 VFO 1 and VFO 2 6220.2 Address Mark, PID, PED and Postamble 6220.3 Signals from Header 1, Header 2, Header 3 and Header 4 6320.4 Phase depth 6321 S
24、ignals from Embossed Area 6321.1 High Frequency (HF) signal 6321.1.1 Modulated amplitude 6321.1.2 Signal asymmetry 6421.1.3 Cross-track signal 64- v -21.2 Jitter 6421.3 Servo signal 6421.3.1 Differential phase tracking error signal 6421.3.2 Tangential push-pull signal 64Section 5 - Characteristics o
25、f the recording layer 6522 Method of testing 6522.1 Environment 6522.2 Reference Drive 6522.2.1 Optics and mechanics 6622.2.2 Read power 6622.2.3 Read channel 6622.2.4 Tracking 6622.3 Write conditions 6622.3.1 Write pulse 6622.3.2 Write power 6622.4 Definition of signals 6723 Write characteristics 6
26、723.1 Modulated amplitude and Signal asymmetry 6723.2 Jitter 67Section 6 - Characteristics of user data 6824 Method of testing 68Annex A - Measurement of the angular deviation a 69Annex B - Measurement of birefringence 71Annex C - Measurement of the differential phase tracking error 73Annex D - Refl
27、ectivity calibration and measuring method 77Annex E - Tapered cone for disk clamping 79Annex F - Measuring conditions for the operation signals 81Annex G - 8-to-16 Recording code with RLL (2,10) requirements 83Annex H - Definition of the write pulse 93Annex J - Guideline for randomization of the Gap
28、 length, the Guard 1 length and the recordingpolarity 95Annex K - Transportation 97Annex L - Guideline for sector replacement 99- vi -.Section 1 - General1ScopeThis ECMA Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of a 120 mm optical disk to enableinterchange of such disk
29、s. It specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the format of the data and the recordingmethod, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read andoverwritten many times using the phase change method. This disk is identified as DVD-RAM.This ECM
30、A Standard specifies- two related but different Types of this disk (see clause 7),- the conditions for conformance,- the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,- the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange
31、between data processing systems,- the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the errorcorrecting codes and the coding method,- the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data
32、 fromthe disk.This ECMA Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a standard forvolume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems. The optical disksspecified by this ECMA Standard may be enclosed in cases
33、according to Standard ECMA-273 as specified therein.2 Conformance2.1 Optical DiskA claim of conformance with this ECMA Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk shall be inconformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for this Type.2.2 Genera
34、ting systemA generating system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if the optical disk it generates is inaccordance with 2.1.2.3 Receiving systemA receiving system shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it is able to handle both Types of opticaldisk according to 2.1.3 Referen
35、ceThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECMAStandard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subjected to revision, andparties to agreements based on this ECMA Standard are encouraged to
36、 investigate the possibility of applying the mostrecent edition of the standards listed below.ECMA-273 Case for 120 mm DVD-RAM Disks (1998)ECMA-287 Safety of electronic equipment (1999)4 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this ECMA Standard the following definitions apply.4.1 CaseThe housing for an optic
37、al disk, that protects the disk and facilitates disk interchange.4.2 Channel bitThe elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and pits on the disk.- 2 -4.3 Digital Sum Value (DSV)The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value 1 to Channe
38、l bits set to ONE and thedecimal value -1 to Channel bits set to ZERO.4.4 Disk Reference PlaneA plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping area of the disk isclamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.4.5 Dummy substrateA layer which may
39、 be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and/or a recording layer.4.6 Embossed markA mark so formed as to be unalterable by optical means.4.7 Entrance surfaceThe surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges4.8 Land and GrooveA trench-like feature of t
40、he disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the tracklocation. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the land. The recording is made either on thecentre of the groove or on the centre of the land.4.9 MarkA feature of the Recording layer which may
41、take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit, or any other type or formthat can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.4.10 Phase changeA physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to chan
42、ge from anamorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa.4.11 PolarizationThe direction of polarization of an optical beam is the direction of the electric vector of the beam.NOTEThe plane of polarization is the plane containing the electric vector and the direction of propagation of the beam
43、.The polarization is right-handed when to an observer looking in the direction of propagation of the beam, the end-point of the electric vector would appear to describe an ellipse in the clockwise sense.4.12 Recording layerA layer of the disk on, or in, which data is written during manufacture and/o
44、r use.4.13 SectorThe smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently ofother addressable parts.4.14 SpaceA feature of the recording layer which may take the form of a crystalline domain, a non-pit or any other type or formthat can be sensed b
45、y the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.4.15 SubstrateA transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recorded layer(s), through which the opticalbeam can access a recording layer.4.16 TrackA 360 turn of a continuous spiral.4.17 T
46、rack pitchThe distance between centrelines of adjacent tracks (a groove and a land), measured in a radial direction.- 3 -4.18 ZCLVA disk format requiring Zoned Constant Linear Velocity operations.4.19 ZoneAn annular area of the disk.5 Conventions and notations5.1 Representation of numbersA measured
47、value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, itimplies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows arange of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.Numbers in decimal notations ar
48、e represented by the digits 0 to 9.Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses.The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE.Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most signif
49、icantbit shown to the left.Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Twos complement.In each field the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, is recorded first andthe least significant byte (LSB) last.In a field of 8n bits, bit b(8n-1)shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b0the least significant bit (lsb).Bit b(8n-1)is recorded first.A binary digit which can be set indifferently to ZERO or to ONE is represented by “x”.5.2 NamesThe names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, zones, etc. are given a capital initial
