1、552 49 CFR Ch. II (10110 Edition) Pt. 231 Section Violation Willful violation (c) Flange distance variance, excessive 1,000 2,000 (d) Tire thickness, insufficient . 1,000 2,000 (e) Tire width, insufficient 1,000 2,000 230.113 Wheels and tire defects: (1) Failure to repair . 1,000 2,000 (2) Welding o
2、n, except as otherwise provided for . 1,500 3,000 (a) Cracks or breaks in . 1,000 2,000 (b) Flat spots . 1,000 2,000 (c) Chipped flange 1,000 2,000 (d) Broken rim . 1,000 2,000 (e) Shelled-out spots . 1,000 2,000 (f) Seams 1,000 2,000 (g) Worn flanges, excessive wear 1,000 2,000 (h) Worn treads, exc
3、essive wear 1,000 2,000 (i) Flange height, insufficient or excessive . 1,000 2,000 (j) Rim thickness, insufficient 1,000 2,000 (k) Wheel diameter, excessive variance . 1,000 2,000 230.114 Wheel centers: (a) Filling blocks and shims 1,000 2,000 (b) Wheel center condemning limits, failure to repair 1,
4、000 2,000 (c) Wheel center repairs . 1,000 2,000 (d) Counterbalance maintenance . 1,000 2,000 230.115 Feed water tanks: (a) General provisions 1,000 2,000 (b) Inspection frequency, failure to inspect as required . 1,000 1,500 (c) Top of tender: Improperly maintained and/or equipped 1,000 1,500 230.1
5、16 Oil tanks: (1) Failure to properly maintain 2,500 5,000 (2) Failure to equip with complying safety cut-off device 5,000 7,500 1Failure to observe any condition for movement set forth in 230.12 will deprive the railroad of the benefit of the movement- for-repair provision and make the railroad and
6、 any responsible individuals liable for penalty under the particular regulatory sec-tion(s) concerning the substantive defect(s) present on the locomotive at the time of movement. Failure to comply with 230.12 will result in the lapse of any affected waiver. PART 231RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDAR
7、DS Sec. 231.0 Applicability and penalties. 231.1 Box and other house cars built or placed in service before October 1, 1966. 231.2 Hopper cars and high-side gondolas with fixed ends. 231.3 Drop-end high-side gondola cars. 231.4 Fixed-end low-side gondola and low- side hopper cars. 231.5 Drop-end low
8、-side gondola cars. 231.6 Flat cars. 231.7 Tank cars with side platforms. 231.8 Tank cars without side sills and tank cars with short side sills and end plat-forms. 231.9 Tank cars without end sills. 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. 231.11 Caboose cars without platforms. 231.12 Passenger-train ca
9、rs with wide vesti-bules. 231.13 Passenger-train cars with open-end platforms. 231.14 Passenger-train cars without end platforms. 231.15 Steam locomotives used in road serv-ice. 231.16 Steam locomotives used in switching service. 231.17 Specifications common to all steam locomotives. 231.18 Cars of
10、special construction. 231.19 Definition of Right and Left. 231.20 Variation in size permitted. 231.21 Tank cars without underframes. 231.22 Operation of track motor cars. 231.23 Unidirectional passenger-train cars adaptable to van-type semi-trailer use. 231.24 Box and other house cars with roofs, 16
11、 feet 10 inches or more above top of rail. 231.25 Track motorcars (self-propelled 4- wheel cars which can be removed from the rails by men). 231.26 Pushcars. 231.27 Box and other house cars without roof hatches or placed in service after October 1, 1966. 231.28 Box and other house cars with roof hat
12、ches built or placed in service after October 1, 1966. 231.29 Road locomotives with corner stair-ways. 231.30 Locomotives used in switching serv-ice. 231.31 Drawbars for freight cars; standard height. APPENDIX A TO PART 231SCHEDULE OF CIVIL PENALTIES VerDate Mar2010 09:47 Dec 14, 2010 Jkt 220215 PO
13、00000 Frm 00562 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML220215.XXX 220215jdjones on DSK8KYBLC1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-553 Federal Railroad Administration, DOT 231.1 AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 2010220103, 20107, 20131, 2030120303, 2130
14、121302, 21304; 28 U.S.C. 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.49. SOURCE: 33 FR 19663, Dec. 25, 1968, unless otherwise noted. NOTE: Where rivets or bolts are required in this part 231 a two-piece steel rivet may be used consisting of: (a) A solid shank of one-half (12) inch min-imum diameter steel or material o
15、f equal or greater strength having cold forged head on one end, a shank length for material thick-ness fastened, locking grooves, breakneck groove and pull grooves (all annular grooves) on the opposite end. (b) A collar of similar material which is cold swaged into the locking grooves form-ing a hea
16、d for the opposite end of item (a) after the pull groove section has been re-moved. 231.0 Applicability and penalties. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, this part ap-plies to all standard gage railroads. (b) This part does not apply to: (1) A railroad that operates on
17、ly on track inside an installation which is not part of the general railroad system of transportation; or (2) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected with the general railroad system of trans-portation. (3) Freight and other non-passenger trains of four-wheel coal cars. (4)
18、Freight and other non-passenger trains of eight-wheel standard logging cars if the height of each car from the top of the rail to the center of the cou-pling is not more than 25 inches. (5) A locomotive used in hauling a train referred to in paragraph (b)(4) of this section when the locomotive and c
19、ars of the train are used only to trans-port logs. (c) Except for the provisions gov-erning uncoupling devices, this part does not apply to Tier II passenger equipment as defined in 238.5 of this chapter (i.e., passenger equipment oper-ating at speeds exceeding 125 mph but not exceeding 150 mph). (d
20、) As used in this part, carrier means railroad, as that term is defined below. (e) Railroad means all forms of non- highway ground transportation that run on rails or electromagnetic guide-ways, including (1) commuter or other short-haul rail passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area, and
21、 (2) high speed ground transportation sys-tems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to whether they use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads. Such term does not include rapid transit operations within an urban area that are not con-nected to the general railroad syst
22、em of transportation. (f) Any person (an entity of any type covered under 1 U.S.C. 1, including but not limited to the following: a railroad; a manager, supervisor, official, or other employee or agent of a railroad; any owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee of railroad equipment, track, or facilit
23、ies; any independent contractor providing goods or services to a rail-road; and any employee of such owner, manufacturer, lessor, lessee, or inde-pendent contractor) who violates any requirement of this part or causes the violation of any such requirement is subject to a civil penalty of at least $6
24、50 and not more than $25,000 per vio-lation, except that: Penalties may be assessed against individuals only for willful violations, and, where a grossly negligent violation or a pattern of re-peated violations has created an immi-nent hazard of death or injury to per-sons, or has caused death or in
25、jury, a penalty not to exceed $100,000 per viola-tion may be assessed. Each day a viola-tion continues shall constitute a sepa-rate offense. See appendix A to this part for a statement of agency civil penalty policy. (g) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 231.31 also applies to an
26、operation on a 24-inch, 36-inch, or other narrow gage railroad. 54 FR 33229, Aug. 14, 1989, as amended at 63 FR 11623, Mar. 10, 1998; 64 FR 25660, May 12, 1999; 66 FR 4192, Jan. 17, 2001; 69 FR 30594, May 28, 2004; 72 FR 51197, Sept. 6, 2007; 73 FR 79703, Dec. 30, 2008 231.1 Box and other house cars
27、 built or placed in service before October 1, 1966. Except for box and other house cars that comply with either 231.27 or 231.28, each box and other house car shall be equipped to meet the following specifications: (a) Handbrake(1) Number. One effi-cient handbrake which shall operate in VerDate Mar2
28、010 09:47 Dec 14, 2010 Jkt 220215 PO 00000 Frm 00563 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML220215.XXX 220215jdjones on DSK8KYBLC1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-554 49 CFR Ch. II (10110 Edition) 231.1 harmony with the power brake in-s
29、talled on the car. Each such hand-brake shall (i) provide the same degree of safety as the design shown on plate A, or (ii) provide the same degree of safety as that specified in 231.27. (2) Dimensions. (i) The brake shaft shall be not less than 114 inches in di-ameter, of wrought iron or steel with
30、-out weld. (ii) The brake wheel may be flat or dished, not less than 15, preferably 16, inches in diameter, of malleable iron, wrought iron, or steel. (3) Location. (i) The hand brake shall be so located that it can be safely oper-ated while car is in motion. (ii) The brake shaft shall be located on
31、 end of car, to the left of and not less than 17 nor more than 22 inches from center. (iii) Carriers are not required to change the brakes from right to left side on steel or steel-underframe cars with platform end sills in service July 1, 1911, except when such appliances are renewed, at which time
32、 they must be made to comply with the standards prescribed. (iv) Carriers are not required to change the location of brake wheels and brake shafts on cars in service July 1, 1911, where the appliances are within 3 inches of the required loca-tion, except that when cars undergo regular repairs they m
33、ust then be made to comply with the standards pre-scribed. (4) Manner of application. (i) There shall be not less than 4 inches clear-ance around rim of brake wheel. (ii) Outside edge of brake wheel shall be not less than 4 inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through th
34、e inside face of knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill. (iii) Top brake-shaft support shall be fastened with not less than 12-inch bolts or rivets. (See plate A.) VerDate Mar2010 09:47 Dec 14, 2010 Jkt 220215 PO 00000 Frm 00564 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML220215.XXX
35、 220215jdjones on DSK8KYBLC1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-555 Federal Railroad Administration, DOT 231.1 (iv) A brake-shaft step shall support the lower end of brake shaft. A brake- shaft step which will permit the brak
36、e chain to drop under the brake shaft shall not be used. U-shaped form of brakeshaft step is preferred. (See plate A.) (v) Brake shaft shall be arranged with a square fit at its upper end to se-cure the hand-brake wheel; said square fit shall be not less than seven-eighths of an inch square. Square-
37、fit taper, nominally 2 in 12 inches. (See plate A.) (vi) Brake chain shall be of not less than 38-, preferably 716-, inch wrought iron or steel, with a link on the brakerod end of not less than 716-, pref-erably 12-, inch wrought iron or steel, and shall be secured to brake-shaft drum by not less th
38、an 12-inch hexagon or square-headed bolt. Nut on said bolt shall be secured by riveting end of bolt over nut. (See plate A.) (vii) Lower end of brake shaft shall be provided with a trunnion of not less than 34-, preferably 1, inch in diameter extending through brake-shaft step and held in operating
39、position by a suitable cotter or ring. (See plate A.) (viii) Brake-shaft drum shall be not less than 112 inches in diameter. (See plate A.) (ix) Brake ratchet wheel shall be se-cured to brake shaft by a key or square fit; said square fit shall be not less than 1516 inches square. When ratchet wheel
40、with square fit is used, provision shall be made to prevent ratchet wheel from rising on shaft to disengage brake pawl. (See plate A.) VerDate Mar2010 09:47 Dec 14, 2010 Jkt 220215 PO 00000 Frm 00565 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML220215.XXX 220215EC01AP91.005jdjones on DSK8KYBLC1PROD with CFRProvided by
41、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-556 49 CFR Ch. II (10110 Edition) 231.1 (x) Brake ratchet wheel shall be not less than 514, preferably 512, inches in diameter and shall have not less than 14, preferably 16, teeth. (See plate A.) (xi) If brake rat
42、chet wheel is more than 36 inches from brake wheel, a brake-shaft support shall be provided to support this extended upper portion of brake shaft; said brake-shaft support shall be fastened with not less than 12- inch bolts or rivets. (xii) The brake pawl shall be pivoted upon a bolt or rivet not le
43、ss than five- eighths of an inch in diameter, or upon a trunnion secured by not less than 12- inch bolt or rivet, and there shall be a rigid metal connection between brake shaft and pivot of pawl. (xiii) Brake wheel shall be held in po-sition on brake shaft by a nut on a threaded extended end of bra
44、ke shaft; said threaded portion shall be not less than three-fourths of an inch in diame-ter; said nut shall be secured by riv-eting over or by the use of a lock nut or suitable cotter. (xiv) Brake wheel shall be arranged with a square fit for brake shaft in hub of said wheel; taper of said fit, nom
45、i-nally 2 in 12 inches. (See plate A.) (b) Brake step. If brake step is used, it shall be not less than 28 inches in length. Outside edge shall be not less than 8 inches from face of car and not less than 4 inches from a vertical plane parallel with end of car and passing through the inside face of
46、knuckle when closed with coupler horn against the buffer block or end sill. (1) Manner of application. Brake step shall be supported by not less than two metal braces having a minimum cross- sectional area 38 by 112 inches or equiv-alent, which shall be securely fastened to body of car with not less
47、 than 12- inch bolts or rivets. (c) Running boards(1) Number. One longitudinal running board. On out-side-metal-roof cars two latitudinal ex-tensions. (2) Dimensions. Longitudinal running board shall be not less than 18 and pref-erably 20 inches in width. Latitudinal extensions shall be not less tha
48、n 24 inches in width. Wooden running boards or extensions hereafter installed shall be constructed of wood not less than 118 inches in thickness. (3) Location. Full length of car, center of roof. On outside-metal-roof cars there shall be two latitudinal exten-sions from longitudinal running board to
49、 ladder locations, except on refrig-erator cars where such latitudinal ex-tensions cannot be applied on account of ice hatches. (4) Manner of application. (i) Running board shall be continuous from end to end and not cut or hinged at any point: Provided, That the length and width of running board may be made up of a number of pieces securely fastened to saddle-blocks with screws, bolts, or riv-ets. (ii) Th
